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FEBRUARY 1973 1
FM COMMUNICATIONS FROM
n a
Standard
Communications
Standard Communications Corp. 213 / 835 - 3 134 . 639 North Marine Ave .. Wilmin gton, Calif. 90744
G)
t. Why mgtrict your
0pQrating hourg
bocausc of tQ/QvigiOn
and harmonic
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intQrfQmncQ _
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IJ IJ
lnpuf/ Output l mpedance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 cnms
Maximum R.f. Power (PEP) . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 watts
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Size ... .... ... . ........ .. ... ...... ... .. ... . . .. . . 6%" x 8%" x 3;1"
Weight. ........ .. . ...... ... .. ... .. . . ... ... .. . .. . 2lbs.
,
receiver is not strained as much,
having only to cover one meg. In areas
where the 147 meg pa rt of the band is
set up wi t h inpu t lo w and output
h igh, like the 146 b and, the rece iver
has to cover 1.5 MHz a nd so d oes the
tra nsmitte r ! Add to that almost in-
surmou n ta b le inte rmod p roblems
which resu lt from this system and you
have headaches of major proportio ns .
EDITORIAL BY WA YN E GREEN If we decide to put all our repeater
inputs in the 146 segment we ask ou r
tra nsmitte rs to cover o nly 1
ONE MEG T HO UGH T S MHz - d itto ou r receivers. It 's easier.
In termo d is greatly red uced too. It
The new regulati ons have had qu ite capable of ha ndling t he p roble m of a
would o n ly take a sligh t stretch to add
an impact on repeater operations. The repeater just 15 k Hz away, but n ot some simplex c ha nnels below 146 on
complexity of getting repeater licenses ma ny .
tra nsmi t.
have noticeably slowed down the ap- The channel splits in t he early F M If we also decide to change to 20
pearance of new repeaters on the two days were set up as 60 kHz. This k Hz spacing we will have a tota l of 50
meter band - as well as on 220 MHz . permitted six repeaters in the meg. It
repeater chan nels avai lable. Since th is
But most repeater groups are in eqree- di d n't take lo ng at all for th e six
would incl ude all o f th e o riginal 60
ment that this is a temporary slow- channels to fill up and the ne xt step k Hz ch an ne ls, o n whic h most o f t he
down and that the re wil l be a big need was t he lo gical one o f sp li tti ng int o 30 large r repeaters are se ttled , it wou ld
for more channels befo re lo ng. kH z c han ne ls. It was log ical , bu t it no t cause se rio us p robl ems to very
The opening of the 14 7 MHz seg- was wasteful and se t up a problem for
many operators. Re peaters wo uld be
ment made a bunch more channels those coming along a couple of years
on every even c ha nnel start ing at
avai lable, but it also made a one MHz la ter w hen the only remaining sp lit
146.00-146.0 2, etc.
split feasible for the first time, and the left was to 15 kHz. It may just be time for repeater
benefits of this have caused quite a bit Technically, it is a lot easier to councils to start talking about this and
of brow knitting. make rece ivers which wilt work
see w hat can be done . The o ne meg
If we leave the 146 part of the band reaso nably well with re peate r chenels split ta lk is gat he ring mome nt u m and
as it was we h ave fo u rtee n rep eat er 20 kHz apa rt than it is 15 k Hz. A we a ll h ave to face the p rospect t hat it
channels and six simp lex chan nels, w hole lo t e asier. might be with us a lot sooner t han
figuring the standa rd 600 kHz split. Wit h this situa t io n in mind, many seems possib le. The fact is that several
There are thirteen repeater channels of t he proponents of reestabl ishi ng rep eater grou ps h ave already an-
and seven simplex channels in the 147 repeater channel standards favor n ot nounced their in ten tion to go one
MHz segment, a total for the two only a one meg split, but also a change meg - and if we are all to get in step
megs o f 27 repeater channels and 13 to 20 kHz between channels at the and arra nge for m utua ll y accepta ble
simplex . same t ime . With some repeate r groups stand ards we h ave to put asid e those
Now, since repeate rs have been st ill struggling in to the 600 k Hz spli t
w ho oppose change and see w hat can
forb id den to o pe ra te in t he 144-1 46 sta nda rd, it is diff icu lt to engross
be d o ne t o acco m mo d ate it.
MHz pa rt o f the ban d , it wou ld seem eve ryo ne in the benefits of ma ki ng
reasona ble to try to encourage sim- such a major c ha nge just a year afte r If we d on't agree, we will be fac ed
plex to use these channels and thus we all finally accepted 600 kHz. A with the p rospec t o f some repeate rs
permit repeaters to have all of the few of us point out that we tried to going 20 k Hz chan nels, some 15 kH z,
channels possible in the band segment sell the one meg idea a year ago when some inpu t low, o the rs input high . We
to wh ich they are restricted. Since, in 600 kHz was coming to be accepted, d o need to get t ogether.
most areas of the country , simplex but were shouted down. No matter, What abou t t h is bu siness of movin g
operation accou nt s fo r perhaps 5% o f t his is 1973 and thi ngs are d ifferent from 30 k Hz chan nels to 207 Some
the to tal FM activi ty, th e allocation o f today than t hey were just a year ago. rigs will swing that much on t rans-
o ne third o f th e chan ne ls for simplex Crysta ls are muc h c heaper - synthe- mit - some ma y requ ire a padd ing
would. seem seriously unbalanced . In sizers a re a realit y - and we have capac itor. Others may n ot make it and
fact, simplex activi ty rarely occupies learned that change is not all that b ig it may be n ecessary t o send th e crystal
more than one or two channels in any a deal. back fo r a slight shove. I suggest that
area and the allowance of 13 channels Pro pone nts of one meg splits point we try to always move d o wn as this is
is enormously wasteful as fa r as re- out that this would solve several where added capaci ty moves crystals.
peaters are concerned. se rious p ro blems. F irst of all it wou ld Thu s a repeate r input on 14 6.07
If t he simplex channels were a ll great ly simpl ify the cons truc tio n of wo uld move 146 .06. It apparen tly is
t urned into repeater c hannels, this repeaters - and would enable most not a b ig or ex pens ive deal to ge t
would add six more re pea te rs, a total re peaters t o work a lot better tha n cry sta ls mo ved a few k Hz. Du ring a
of 33. This should be enough fo r a ll they do tod ay. Few re peaters d o n ot change it wo uld b e p ossible for many
but the most u rban of areas such as su ffer from desensit izatio n to some re peaters to ru n two outputs for a
the eastern megalopolis. degree. Furt her, now that mobile and month or so while users go t new
While 33 channels may indeed be base station rigs are asked to t ransmit receive crystals. By staggering this
enough even for New York City , the over a two MHz rangt:-, t he efficiency operatio n the spare transmitte r could
consequences of th ere be ing a need o f most of t hem dro ps off seriously be u sed for o ne mont h w ith o ne
for mo re t han 33 are d ire . Before t he on eithe r one end o f the ba nd o r the rep eater a nd then moved t o another
14 7 meg segment opened there we re o ther. fo r the next mon th - etc .
more repeate rs than available cha n nels Transceivers m ust tra nsm it fr om Need less t o say, 73 will welcome
and new groups began fill ing in 146.01 to 146.40 in t he lo we r MHz any and a ll ideas o n repeate r sta n-
between the standard channels, with and 147.63 to 147.99 in 'the uppe r dards. We are not really interested in
mixed results. Some receivers are meg. Not many can handle that . The emotional harangues, bu t would like
4 73 MAGAZINE
to pass along any welt reasoned argu- (4) The manufacturer's rating of If you pu t ten watts in the bottom
ments and suggest ions. output is not sufficient here - show you will then get 5.9 watts ou t the
that you have actually measured it top of the teednne. If you are using a
REPE ATE R LI CENSES with reasonably precise eq uipment. d ipole (gain of 1) this will give you an
Firstly, to estab lish my bona (5) The tran smission line loss will effective radiated power of 5.9 watts.
f ides - t he following IS what I be the same as used for you r ca lcula- Once you have that elusive WR call
managed t o glean from an au-dav tions in (3). Give the theoret ical loss in hand (none have been approved as
confab with the FCC (amateur divi- and show that you have verified this of this writing) you can go ahead and
sion) in Washington. Hopefully I have by actual measurement. modify for your b ig an tenna. Wi th
not screwed it up too much. (6) The patterns as published by that okayed you can go to perhaps a
phone line remote con trol - then on
The fact eme rged that repeater li - t he antenna manufacturers are no t
t o a 4 50 link - and wo rk on in to
censes are going to be a lot more sufficient to get you th rough th is
difficu lt to get than mo st repeater part - unless the manufactu rer has pro posals fo r automa t ic con tro l or
c lubs realize - if they insist on going had the patterns of rad iation accepted whateve r turns you (and t he repeater)
for a license for their comp lete system by th e Ch ief (amateur d ivision) o f th e on .
right off the bat. As the complexities FCC. None have as ye t. If you do use T he Repeater Bulletin provides a
o f provid ing sati sfactory informa tion t he manufactu rer's patterns you must faster commu nica tion mediu m for re-
indicate how they were deter- peater news and th is si tuation will be
on the many aspects of th e licen se
mined - whether by mathematical covered at far greater length in th at
grew mo re apparent to me, th e direc-
derivation or range - whether they publication - sti ll available for $2 per
tion in wh ich a solutio n t o th is maze
lay became mo re o bvious. were checked on a ran ge and the year from 73. T he December issue of
charac teristics o f the ran ge used. If the Bullet in carried t he lat est availab le
Let's take the comp lexit ies from you made the patterns yourself you FCC helpf ul h ints for getting you r
the top and mak e you wat t, if this shou ld give data on th e me thods you rep eater license and furthe r edit ions
problem interests you, for the easy used. of th at poop sheet will be published in
out. (7) More of same. the Bulletin.
(8) 19) Forget these fo r now-
Take docket 18803 fir ml y in hand they' re too much to cover in less than
FCC vs CBer
and turn you r attention to part a book .
97.41 (f), t he applicat ion for a re peat- The report that the FCC monito r-
er license. You will find th is o n page The o bvio us answe r ing stations had issued more ci tations
106 of t he November 73. to hams last year than to CBers makes
Since th e problem facing most re- it rathe r obvio us that th e FCC just
(1 ) The doc ket requests that the peater groups is an imme diate one: to isn' t even trying to so lve the mess on
location of th e repeater be d rawn get licensed as quick ly as possi ble - 27 MHz .
upon a 1:250,000 scale topographical an d with the dead line approaching Some peo ple are of the opinion
map, one wit h 50 foot contou r lines. when re peaters will have to be shut that it is th e magnitu de o f th e mess
T hese maps are available from t he down unless some sort of WR- license t hat has stopped the FCC from even
U.S. Geologica l Su rvey, Wash ington, is in hand, the path of least resistance making a serious attempt at cleaning it
DC 20242 for $1.50 each and th ey are wou ld seem to be t o simplify the up, but th at does not make real sense.
ext reme ly difficult to find an ywhere application to the ba rest bones for a The fact is t ha t if the FCC had any
else. You will find an index to some starter and t hen add comp licat ions to serious desires to get t he CBers into
of t hese maps publi shed in th e March it once the license has been obtained. shape t hey could do it with litt le
1970 issue of 73 on page 94. The Th is ma kes sense, doesn' t it? effo rt and expense.
maps use t he same n umbering system Since it is possible to get shot down Ho w? The re are a hundred m ous-
as the three d imensional maps. The for the whole license on anyone of and or so ama teurs who wou ld gladly
FCC wants t hese particul ar maps used the details, the route o f extreme pitch in and help. With even t he
and no othe rs. Yes, they kno w that simp li ficat ion seems best. If you think slightest h int, ama te urs wo uld wo rk
the more avai lable 1:62,500 maps give in t hose terms the repeater licen se gets u p direction-t tndtnq teams an d hunt
mo re detail and are " better." They a whole lot easi er to wo rk on. down the illegal ope rators, p resen ting
want what th ey specified. How can you simp IHy th e ap plica- t he . FCC with th e names, addresses,
(2) They Would like you to show tion? Well, if you get you r license first illegal calls, erc., of t he pirates. Ama -
you r comp utations fo r determining for d irect loca l co nt rol, you wi ll avoid teu rs are 'Nell awa re th at th e lack of
an tenna height above average terrain. a vast nu mber of comp lications, any d istinct ion between amateur and CB
See appendix 5 on page 11 2 of the of which could bounce you r applica- has caused much t rouble for radio
Novembe r 73 . tion back . T his immed iately deletes ama teurs. Few of the newspapers
(3) You r effec t ive radi ated power (8) and (9) as prob lems. If you put seem to have any idea that a CB er is
will be the t ransmitter ou tput less th e down that you wi lt start wi t h a di po le not a ham, so whenever a CBer does
loss in you r feedli ne (see the 73 Coax you avoid fi ll those pattern s and the someth ing so raunchy that it mak es
book fo r details on coax losses by comp licat ions of t he gain of coll inea r the papers he is often as not billed as a
ty pe of cable, frequ ency and length ) a n te n nas. The pa ttern is ultra ham Hams would be only too de-
and less any rad iati on in other than simple - see page 8 of the VHF An- lighted t o help clean up this cancer.
t he main lo be. You may find tha t you tenna Handbook by 73 Magazine IS3) Why is it t ha t the FCC has made
will have to consult "Antennas" by for the vertical and horizontal pattern no noticeable effort t o clean up th is
Krauss or stick t o some thing simple in of a vertical dipole. Fo r some reason problem? Is it the powe r of th e EIA
an anten na such as a d ipole. If you are the amateur handbooks do not give Washington lo bb y th at has them
going to use an ything more corrou- th ese pa tterns. That 's a "tsk" for back ed o ff? Money talks, and it may
ceted t han a half wave d ipol e you AR R L and Sarns. be speak ing lo ud and clear in this case.
should show the ma thema tical deriva- If you use foam RG-8/U you have a How else can we try to understand the
t ion of th e power in th e horizont al loss of about 2.3 dB pe r 100 feet at present situa tion wherein th ere is an
plane main lobe and also show evi- 146 MHz. The chart on page 13 of the obscene mess on eleven mete rs - litt le
dence that you have confirmed this Coax ha ndbook shows that a 2.3 dB is done about it - and now there is
figure by actual measurement. loss is equal to a power ratio of 0 .588. very serious talk of giving this bu nch
I
of illegal idiots another 80 channels? F M rig , you w ill find as nic e a group contacts are C RMfree, we can get
I would like to tender an abj ect of people to talk with you as you into real co nversat io ns and are not
apology to an y law abiding CSer who cou ld possibly ask for. limited to na me and loca t ion as on the
is actually on the a ir and using the Up here in New England I can name low bands. And since we generall y get
band as it was in te nded. Wh ile I maybe a half d ozen cver-mftated ego t o know mo st o f the regular inhabi-
recognize that there is a remote possi- cases that are a minus quantity on tants of the repeaters we u se , we have
bility of such a person existing - he is FM - and for everyone of these more and more to talk about.
remote enough so I d on 't know where d ingalings I can name ten nice decent Well, enough of the sales ta lk on
he is. He is also totally covered up 24 interesting FMers. For every bad F M. Check arou nd and you 'll find
ho urs a day by Red Apple and hi s ilk. mauther of FM there are a hu ndred or tha t th ere are a number of active
more fe llo ws w ho will go way ou t of F Mers in you r area - ta lk wi t h
TUNING CB RIGS
t he ir way to be o f a ny h elp th ey can . them - and you' ll be getting a rig
T he fact is that CB tra nsceivers Whe n the president o f a repea te r soo n.
have a tendency to go out o f tune clu b tu rns ou t to be the o ne jamming
qui te a lot with a resu ltan t loss o f the club station, we h ave some p rob-
power on both rece ive and transmit. lems. When the edi tor of a repea te r S EC U RITY CO LUMN ?
Th i s is due to several council newsletter goes on the air an d Unless I get an awful lo t of static. I
factors - changes in temperature can exp resses disgust with FM, we have would like to devo te a small space in
have a profound effect on some of the problems. But these are the problems 73 every now and then to keeping
parts such as if transformers and c an of a couple individuals and they are readers up to date on equipment and
loosen the little screws which hold insignificant. The y are ego difficul- literature available fo r security in-
them together. Once these come loose ties - and until the FCC decides to valved amateurs. If there is anyone
their operat ion can be seriously de- incl ude a psychia tric exam with the among our readers who is well versed
graded. lice ns e test, we must accept the bad in the field and would be in te rested in
Vibration during use and in ship- ap p les along with t he go od - and t ry keeping us all in formed, I'd like to
ping often loosens these sc rews, n ot to ignore the bad . hear fro m him.
o n ly on i-f tra nsfo rme rs, b ut also in My di scussion of the bad aspects is Wh ile some readers h ave a ll the
crystal oscillato r c ircui ts. a ll ou t o f p roport io n t o t heir impo r- money they need and the p rice of a
T houg h it is no t legal for a CBer to tance. T he average FMer ra re ly runs Sig nal O ne is no p ro b lem - the sad
mess wi t h his own se t, it is not all th at into them and FM is for almost fact is tha t most o f us wou ld lik e to
difficult for him to ge t a small screw everyone a joy. F M provides the true- have an extra couple hundred dollars a
driver and t ighten all of the loose Iy In terferen ce-free contact that we week coming in . It is just a lot further
screws and thus bring th e set back to between times we can buy a new rig
find so rarely on the low bands. It
the way it was when shipped from the or a hand unit that we rea lly like.
provides you w ith a small group of
factory .
not very distant friends with whom
Once the screws on the i-f's and ARTI CLE IDEAS
y o u can tal k, jo ke, visit, hel p , and be
padders have been tightened. the Hundreds of rigs are stolen out o f
with on th e air whenever you have a
average CBer will be better able to cars every year - and the situation is
free mome nt . You can be w ith them
operate his rig and observe the FCC ge tting nothing bu t wo rse. What can
wh ile you are ta kin g you r chi ld re n to
regu latio ns. be d o ne abou t th is?
sc hool - w h il e driving to
work - whi le d riving to a custom. We h ave already as ked for articles
FM '" FUN MAKER ? on car bu rg lar alarms - and fra nkl y
er - any t ime . You can have a hand
If it we re n ot for the n umbe r of u nit a nd be on call w he never you are we wo uld like to have a lot more se nt
F Me rs who perso nally tha n k me on awake if that tu rns you on . in to be published - but we haven 't
the a ir and at conven tions for urging When you travel you have an im- seen much in the way o f new ideas.
them into FM I might just stop poking mediate intra to the F Me rs anv- Now that more an d mo re of us are
those of you not yet on F M in the where - and you w ill find them most p ac king a hand unit when we leave
sore spot. But the fact is that there is gracious. W1QXA steered my wife and our car we might be able to put it to
a lot of fun that is being missed by me to one of the finest restaurants in good use. Suppose we set up a circuit
tens of thousands of ops - inexpen- the country one evening when I was that not o n ly set off an alarm when
sive fun . driving through Bangor. Every FMer someone tampered wi th the car, but
T he complaint that I hear most has had experiences like this - by the a lso sent out a signal on two meters
from low banders who have no t yet dozens. tha t we could rece ive on our pocket
t ried F M is that it is just anot her And what a go od feel ing it gives unit? Most of t he time you are n ot all
citizens band . I even hear th is no w you w he n you are ab le to provide a t hat far from the car and would be
and then fro m some one who h as p ublic se rvice! Th e o ther nigh t I was ab le t o zip o ut an d collar the ki d w ho
listened to it for a few mi n utes from a d rivin g fro m New Yo rk to New Hem p- is b usy ripping you off.
store or from a friend' s house. I don't shi re a nd t he road cond itions we re Th is would be valuable even at
think you ' ll find any active F Me rs execrable. It was snowi n g and raini ng, h o me - and a lo t o f gear is swiped out
who will back up that evaluation. with th e ra in freezing the road into a of cars parked in fro nt of the house or
Anyone who c hecked out FM in sheet of ice and the cars were b eing even in the garage.
Southern Ca lifornia up until recent ly frosted over. Cars were sliding off the Let's see some articles on this.
wou ld have reason to wonder what al l road everywhere. Whenever I w ould The new VWs have a plug built 10
the fuss wa s about. There wa s a lot o f see one that obviously couldn't get for hooking into a " co m p u te r" at
the CB-type stuff going o n , wi th back on the road I would pass the your local friendly T eutonic service
Broderick Crawford t en signals, vir- word to the highway patrol via the center. Th is plug connects to sensors
tually no rag ch ewin g, and darned nearest repeater. I reported six such spread all through the car, keeping
little m eaningful communications. accidents duri ng my t rip. None of touch with each pulse. Some of these
There are pecu liar problems here those peo ple wi ll know who sent help , might be o f interest to us to moni-
and t here around the country , to be b u t they wi ll app recia te it. tor - like for instance t he batte ry
sure . But in all, if you get more than What d o we t alk abou t o n FM? wa ter le vel. Be assured th at the edi to-
o ne or two sets of crystals for yo ur A nythi ng and everythi ng. Since the rial staff of 73 wi ll n ot lo o k too
Continued on page 22
6 73 MAGA71NE
be t . 5W 1AT and an HSO. Bot h however, if you c an 't walt . se nd
o perated on 2 1340 k Hz abou t 2000 WOLMD a n SAS E and 10 ce nts (to
GM T. Hmmm, new tre nd here ... o r cover Xerox c ost) for a c o p y.
is 20 me ters jus t ge tt ing too ro ugh ?
Dave Ingram K4TWJ T h e WA 9 U HV /W9NT P GSO 's
Hte. II, BOI( 4 9 9 . East wo od ViI. 50N through Oscar VI cont inue to gro w in
Birm ingham A L 35210 success. T his month 's pictu res from
WA9 UHV should ill us t rate this. If yo u l u ", ~"". _ ~ ---- -.
.
", , ~
FEBRUA RY 1973 7
the Hud son Division Convention back exercise room and venous clu b proper person . To the few who wrote
in October . He told me that if I rooms ... ante nnas ove rlook right nast y letters about my not mentioni ng
thought the J une contest was bad , I field on one of th e ball dia monds and their service - ye t who didn' t offe r
should have operated the September our log pe ri odic is adjacent to the one iot a of info rma tion on same - I
contest. It was completely lacking in tennis courts and swimming pool - can only qu ote an old friend , " You
E's. still it seems that we spend a ll our ain't a solution - you 're part of the
Mel Wilson, W2BOC, a VHF propa- time in the Radio Club operating problem!" J ust keep those ca rds a nd
gation enthusiast for almost 40 years, MARsr " letters comi ng in - we'll mak e a
sent the following comments: Th is ve ry fin e st ation, wh ich my worthwh ile col um n yet !
"The only comme nts I could make informa nt says hand les more South- . ..A4SCF
at th is time is that the summe r was a easte rn Asian phone patches than any
'good' one in the sense that the MUF other known station, is well eq uipp ed
was up to at least 180 MHz and the w ith the most modem gear -
two mete r ban d was open a number of includi ng a wino-sensioq circuit which HAMS LOCATE MEDICATION
t imes. From 6 May to 13 August, au toma tically lowe rs their towers
t here we re 7 days in which I have no from 75 to 25 feet whe never high On Augu st 15, 1972 10 GMT
reports of VH F propagation, not winds come up! Hild egard 18PLH from Rewio
counting 3 days of aurora which of A welcome letter from Hugh Calabria made a call o n BOm for
course blanks out intense E's. This Dowel l N0ASG3/N0KXW, Assistant medication (Gam ma Globulinel. A
number of days is about average for to the Director for Operations, Ninth c hil d in the Cli nica ped iatrics in Roma
each year . However, this year the NAVMARCORMARS .. District, out- was sick and needed it desperately. All
length o f openings was somewhat lining Navy MARS procedure which, comme rcial ways were exhausted or
greate r, th e geograp hic area seems to if adop ted by the o ther services, did not work , since there was a big
have bee n greater, and th e open ings at would be a boon to th e ove rall pro- c hurch holiday in Ita ly.
mo re northe rn lati tudes were be tte r. gram. He says, " ... a numbe r of Hannes OK 1KO from Lindaul
The year started earlier, with very hams join MARS with the idea of Bodensee picked up the call and sa id
unusual intense openings during the getting free equipment. You p ro bab ly he would be back at 10;30 GMT. Now
first week of March, with the MUF at know as well as I do what happens to Traudl DK1A X from Miesbach near
least to 100 MHz. Beyond that I d on't these would-be members! Navy MARS Munic h called 18PLH asking if she
know of anything else very unusual. I has c hanged their policy toward new could help and also asking about t he
have no re ports of KH6 being heard members recen t ly. We are looking for Maiory YL RC Italiano Meeti ng,
eas t of the Mississippi , which is sur- membe rs who will be active and are where she will represent t he DL Y L's.
prising with so much in tense E's. t ry ing to weed out the others. When a Since DK1 KO cou ld not come bac k at
There have been some rather wild person joins Navy MARS he is given a the stated time , Traud l called DC2CG,
reports, but they haven't checked fou r-letter su ffix call sign (examp le - Dr. Friedrich, in Munich. He had the
out." N0BATl and is considered a tem- proper medicine. It is very ex pensive
Bob Scupp WA2CXS porary member for 90 days. At the and not common in that a rea; he had
Reprinted from the Knight Knews. end of that period, if he has met the wa nted to derate it to a missionary
minimum participation require me nt for some time . T ra ud l made th e ar-
of 18 hours per quarter he is recom- rang ements with Lufthansa , the
me nded by his area coordi na to r to the German airl ine, to fly the medication
Distr ict Di recto r to be accepted as a at 13:40 GMT to Roma, while
fu ll member. If he has not met the Hildegard contacted the police to have
requirements he is terminated. This it picked up at the airport by a patrol
method allows us to ass ign new mem- car. It was all se ttled at 11 :54 GMT .
ber calls much faster than before, c ut At this point Hannes OK1KO came
down unnecessary paperwork, etc. If back . He must have had a tough t ime
the new member is recommended , the in between , but he found some of the
"T " in h is ca ll sign is d ropped and he medicine , too. Since there is no com-
has a stand ard call sign." Thanks, me rcia l airport in Li ndau, the Germa n
Hugh, fo r you r wonderfu l letter and Air Force fl ew the medicine to Borne.
the information . where another patrol ca r was wait ing
Thanks al so to Sam Dunn for it.
Harry Simpson A4SCF W84ICF /N0JXG for filling us in on Now the medicat ion for the chi ld
c/o 73 Magazine Marine Corps MARS activity in the was secured for two days. After that,
Peterborough NH 03458 Okinawa area - there are 5 sta t ions slow (o n holidays slowe r) working
on the island , plus one in Japan. Each comme rcial channels could take ove r.
sta tion is ma nned only by qualified
Orchids to A FC6YPX, the North MA RS operat ors w ith a MOS of 898 1,
America n Roc kwel l Rad io Cl ub ste - and also must be a licensed amateur!
t ion located in Anaheim, California , A very nice letter from Shorty Sutter
on their fine bulletin written es- AFA9Y BM, offering the information
pecially for the benefit of their fellow that in Air Force MARS a W prefix is
AF MARS operators in Southeast changed to AF ; K is AFA, WA is AFB
Asia. To quote : "We are located at and WB is AFC. I would like to
North American Roc kwe ll's Electro- ack nowledge many , many other nice
nics Group where approxima tely letters - unfortun ately my space is
12,000 are emp loyed . Our station is at severel y limited (we' re proud of even
the Employees Recreat ion Par k just the limited space, wavne t) . Suff ice it
outside the main plant premises. The to say that thanks to you r response, I
park cormrises 20 acres and has a can now forward inq uiries for a peru- Traudl DKIA X was instrumental in helping
picnic area, a nine hole golf co urse, cuter MARS service directly t o the ro locate the medication.
8 73 MAGAZ INE
~~~~~~~~~9~~~~~~~~
ORDER DRUSH DRUSH DRUSH
(check one)
TRANSMIT PAIR RECEIVE
Name _ o 146.01-61 0
o 146.04-64 0
Call _ o 146.07-67 0
o 146.10-70 0
Address _ o 146.13-73 0
o 146.16-76 0
City _ o 146.19-79 0
o 146.22-82 0
State Zip _ o 146.25-85 0
o 146.28-88 0
(1 146.31-91 0
$ enclosed o 146.34-94 0
o 146.37-97 0
o 146.40-147.00 0
o 146.52-52 0
TRANSCEIVER
o 146.94-94 0
o 147.00-00 0
o Drake TR-22 o 147.99-39 0
o Drake ML-2 o 147.96-36 0
o Regencv HR o 147.93-33 0
D Ross & White o 147.90-30 0
o 147.87-27 0
o Simpson o 147.84-24 0
o S8-144 o 147.81-21 0
o Sonar 3601 o 147.78-18 0
o Standard 146(A) o 147.75-15 0
o Standard 826 o 147.72-12 0
o 147.69-09 0
o Swan FM2X o
o Tempo FMP o
o
147.66-06
147.63-03
147.60-00
0
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~
o Tempo FMV
o Tempo FMA
_ _ _ _ TOTAL
o Tempo
VALPEY FISHER CORP.
FMC
1015FIRST. HOLLISTON. MASS 01746
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Phone: (513) 866-2421 Telex: 288-017
No need to look for h im on CW least your log) and t ell us you are
beca use when I was there he was O K. the n send the who le mess to us
no t co py mq CW and knowing what a (the whole mess being the verified
bu sy ma n he is I seriously doubt Ii he list - YOU KEEP YOUR CAR DS (if
has had the ti me to learn the code you have them !) . We'll do t he rest .
since then. At present Bhu tan (ex. In case you don't know it 1973 is
AC5-land) has tw o stations that can 73 Magazine Year. This is a htstcr-
Gus Browninq W4BPD be worked if you are " persist en t", ical fact and cannot be denied by any-
Drawer DX and really " go after them" and have one. If you don't be lieve me just
Cordova SC 29039 a cert ain amount of good luck o r ask Wayne Gree n and I am sure he
have someone to "fix you up" with a will verify th is fact.
Here goes my seco nd month as OX few firm schedu les. At least it seems Ever want to hear about wha t 's new
Ed itor fo r 73 Magazine. I hope by as if I did leave a small "seed" about in OX ? Try listening on 14,218
now that all you OX'ers ou t t here ham radio in that area . I did sell kHz alm ost any evening between 2300
will have the " message" and start th e Collins " 5" line and a 30Ll and t o 2400 GMT . Th is is where the
sending me (direct if possible) all even a Telrex and Ham-M rot ar t o INOXA fellows hang out, you might
the OX news you come across. Keep AC3PT. I understand the Hall icraft- try calling in and if you are lucky
in mind t hat I ha ve a lead date of 2 ers SR 150 that I left in Bhutan is the (and " skip" is with you) get K3RLY
mo nths. Of co urse I ca n and WILL Transceiver they are using now. If it to answer your call . He is a very
use the info t hat would be too late is let me tell you that the "RI T" busy fellow, but will an swer you OK
fo r this magazine in my weekly OX'- tuning has been changed so that it if he hears your call. He can usually
ers Magazine. In advance I would will only tune "up", not down from be counted o n to hand out some
like to thank you for your efforts. the transm itting frequ ency, in fact as good OX info , he might even be
As you know those sun spots are much as maybe 15 kc as near as I can able to put you o n the " list" if one
getting less and less, so you may as remember . You might keep th is in is being made up fo r some OX stat ion .
well kiss 10 goodbye, and not expect mind if you hear h im working stations Yo u know some DX stations are very
th ose "almost " around t he clock 15 off h is frequ ency . much afraid of a "pile-up" , or maybe
meter ope nings. You had better be they just don't k now how t o hand le a
getting ready for the low bands and HEY THERE YOU OX CLUBS Il! "wolf-pack" of callers and they have
a new form of excitement that goes We want you !!! We would like t o asked someone like K3RLY to be an
with working OX down there. No "appo int" o ne OX (or at least OX MC for them. May be they are st uck
big, fancy, high power is needed (or minded) Club in each of the USA with just a transceiver and every
allowed) on 160 meters you know. call areas, and o ne OX Club in each t ime t hey show up o n the band they
Noth ing fan cy in the form of antennas co un try in the wo rld to act as ver ific- get " clobbered " with callers. (yes I
is needed eith er. I had a p icture of a ation po ints for our WTW Awa rds. believe t hat some fellows, just call and
chap in Western Austra lia wh o had We do not want any OXer to have t o call - never bother ing to list en and
his "long wire" (1), strung along h is send us his cards to be checked . hear what the OX st ati on has t o say !).
wooden fence around his home! I You run the chance of them getting Of course there are Qu ite a few ot her
understand t hat he has been doing lost and its that much more "work" OX Nets in o perat ion, and each of
fo r us here ! (we are basica lly lazy ).
extremely well wit h it too. r guess them usually can be count ed on t o
you could call it his invisable antenna Fo r t he t ime being we are using t he give out some good OX i~fo , or may be
t he ARR L Country list, BUT we do
becau se when you look at the thi ng the DX will be in the net ! The SEA
it certa inly don 't look like any antenna have some ideas of some (but o nly a (South East Asia) Net usually will
few) changes in their " off icial" list.
I have even seen - So rt of like an extra have a "good ie" or two calling in.
clothes line - yes, but not an ant enna ! We WANT MORE COUNTRIES, not They g~nera; ly meet above 14300,
Right about now is a good time to be LESS and we have our ears and eyes somewhere around 1230z. Then there
getti ng on 160 with QRN way-down, open to any and all suggestions from is a big OX net with KH6GLU Mc' ing
and act ivity up. Remember t his band OXers here in t he USA or anywhere it is called the Pacific (OX 11) Net.
is at its best when its sunset o r else in th e world. We want OXers Th en there is the Arabian Net, in case
sunrise on one end, but you gotta to have somet hing to do since this
you want to maybe work The King
will keep t hem busy and out of
get in there fast, because its short of Jordan (JY l) o r maybe the Queen
"trouble" and keep the bands bu sy
and sweet. The band has some other (JY2) . Quite a few " rare ones" call
so that some ot her "service" wont
odd featu res which you will find out into this net. A few more good nets
steal any more of our "liv ing space" !
when you get going there. I o nce have sprung to life down in Africa and
mad e WAS on 160 meters on two If you have no t as yet received you r then t here will be fo und a num ber of
week ends. Of course that was whe n OJ" QSL you might try again now OX Nets being " run" fro m the USA.
we had t he whole band fro m 1750 t o because th ey are being mailed out ANYONE should be able to work at
2000 kc . Maybe if enough fellows and you should have rece ived yours least 200 countries by check ing in just
get on this band and do a little by this time. The same goes fo r t hese nets, of course wa it until a
real complaining to FCC they will cards for those wh o worked TI 9C. good chance to "break-in" on them.
get that darn Loran off for sure and (send your cards via T12GI for TI9C). Back when WIFH, PY2C K, WGAM,
start using some of t hese new OF's I If you worked HH9DL some months W8HGW, W8PQQ, VQ4ERR, VQ4AQ ,
have been readi ng and hea ring abou t ago you migh t try W3H IZ (I printed W4CEN, W4TO , W4TM, W3CRA, my-
in rece nt years A ND then give us t he cards fo r W3H IZ in early Dec. self and many ot her Ole Timers was
back " our band " . Let's us all hope. In case some of you don 't know about battleing it out there 'o';'as no nets or
It seems t hat we have at last got our 73 73 - 73 OX Award, here is even OX Magazines (like my OXERS
some little activity going in the AC the info again: Work 73 different Magazine-a weekly one) to help out
Spots (as I used to call them) , The count ries in the first 73 days of OX' ers. You had t o just do a lot of
Mah araja of Sikkim gets on once in a 1973, make a list of the st at io ns, "d igging, schemeing, writ ing letters.
whi le signing AC3PT (The PT is a giv ing the da tes, t imes and Ireqs of and most of all " list ening';
.pert o f his in it ials), usually on 20 each QSU, get a few ha ms to verify
sse and just occasionaly on 15 SSB. (let 'em look over your cards, or at 73~
FEBRUA RY 1973 11
,
wh en the regu lar NCS had a ch ange in W1N VR 's au tomo b ile. The sacrilege
work sc hedu le and cou ld no lo nger occurred while said au to mo bi le was
function as NCS. WB4WMT and I are parked in the parking lot of the Grace
trying to get th ings back on a regular Baptist Church on Nov . 20, 1972. If
REPEATER UPDATE1 schedule . We welcome any checkins anyone has information co ncern ing
LISTENING 1 an d cou ld use more VHF activity in t he t heft, p lease contact Mi ke Sau l
94 76 88 73 70 64 82.""""""
. . / the area."
." . W1D HP, Commu nicat ions Director,
Wallingford CD, 31 Hanover St.,
The 19 t h ed ition of the Editors and
Yalesville CT 06492.
Engineers Radio Handbook is out and
whi le it co uld u se further updating in l ISt from Pat 1_ :
CO WI!Gl Castle RodI 443.50- 448.50 some areas it does contain mu ch of Mf, . ModItI.Ser.No. 0....- 1__
MA W1BHD Skunk Hollow 31- 91 interest. Much o f the construction y_ sr.mt No . 101036 WA2YSW 4112
NY Delete Belfry Mt. 444.10-446.111 material is new, several items are must
Stand.d 2m fM No. 102103 W6NPV
Dr,k e Ml2 No . 20189)3 WB2llR
4112
4112
NY WA2MBT Delete reading for the 6 meter oriented bui ld- Standard SRC806M
NY WA2UYJ Del ete e r. T he re is a new 2 KW PEP linear No. 009210 K1Tl P 5/12
NJ W2BHK Delete Aerotone 6M 355lT,
NJ W2FlV Delete featu ring the 8877, a so lid state ex- No . 685064 RR Police 5112
ci ter by K9H TK/5 covering 6 meters G. d .C" I_T. ml.
NJ Delete Ch erry Hill "'C
NJ Delete Cam den in addition to the HF bands a nd Standard SRC-806M.
NJ W82Z0G South Jersey 22-82 a no ther in the series o f sol id state No. 102103 C. Matto_
3234 Coronado A...
5/12
PA WA 3KXI Lancaster 01 - 61 receivers by VE3GFN . (Looks li ke the l_ial B-" CA
perfect if fo r a 6 meter corwerter.l lefaym _ HA .(1 0
No . 00921 0 WA2KDG 5/12
A new 6 meter transverter, the Colt . 62S1 No _10128 MSU ARC 6112
CX-6X, has been an nou nced by Signal E.lansing MI
O ne. De liveries are sched u led t o begin WRl Duoand. 60 10AT302 WA6fCY 6/12
St. Peters MQ 63376 Signal One transce ivers a nd trans- AF68 No . 10888 K5lKl 1113
PMR8 No_10918
mi tter/recelver combinations. M1010 pwr supply
Early December brought several Henry Radio has added a new 2 KW Trio TR2200 No. 24 1969 WA2ZBV 1113
openings. WA 1EXN worked WA5SJM PEP li near fo r 6 and 2 mete rs t o their
on the 2nd and heard a similar open- T emp o line. It is my u nd erstan d ing
ing to Georgia, Kentucky and Tennes- that this unit is manufactured by E.F.
see on the 3rd, this one of 45 minute
duration. Also on the 3rd Art worked
Dan, WA9UBI , with 5-9 reports both
Johnson of 6N2 Thunderbolt fame .
The Annual Conference o f the Cen-
tral States VHF Society for 1973 will
AMSAT
ways. Dan was the only midwestem be held at the Marriott Inn, Minn e-
station heard. WA9YJE was worked
under similar circumstances th e even-
ing of the 5th; YJE cou ld not hear
a pol i s the weekend of August
17-1 8 -1 9 . J o h n Fo x , W0L E A is presi-
den t of the gro up , W0MJS is program
NEWS
W1GAO or K 1HFK who were in QSO chairman. Hope to see some of you
with Art at the time . Art is looking there .
for scatter schedules (random or mete- WA0ABI Mike Frye W88LBP
or) in the 20-25 wpm range. Bob, 640 Dauville Dr.
WA0TXV, reports having worked l's Dayton OH 45429
and 2 's during the opening of the 2nd.
T he writer caught openings the 4th
and 5t h, t he fir st to Florid a (W4GDS
an d WB40SN) and could hear J im, Latest news on OSCAR 6; Due to a
W0 P FP, slightly o n backscatter when defective solar panel and because of
he jo ined in. Bob is already planning unexpected use of the on-board trans-
another DXpedition for June contest lator, OSCAR 6 will be turned off
time . The opening of the 5th was du ri ng mid-week . The following
mostly 3 's 'NOrking as far West as sc hed u le wi ll hold to allow time for
Oklahoma IWA5RBI) also heard were the batteries to recharge . ON TI MES
W5QDB and WB4BBO. wi ll be T hu rsday thro ugh Sunday
Jo hn, WB4R UA, of Calhou n, evenin g passes, and Saturday a nd
Georgia wri tes " re the '50 MHz' col- Su nday mo rning passes, u n less the
umn in t he December 13, in answer to batteries are low due to extended use .
The HamburCJlar
Lcwett's (WB4WNVI question, yes ARAL' s WA1PID has an nounced
there is a 6 meter net in North STRIKES AGAIN! that OSCAR 6 co ntac ts will count in
Georgia . The Dixie 6 meter SSB net the January VHF contest. ARRL also
meets on 50.110 MHz Sunday at 9 announces a " Satellite OX Achieve-
AM EST a nd Wednesday at 9 PM ES T. SN EA K T H I E F ST EA LS FROM ment Award ," one requi rin g a
This net is to b ri ng together interested CHURCH - Leaves T o wn Defen se- 1000-point-orbener total. aso's
VHF amateu rs in the a rea and p rovide less! t h rou gh the sa tellite will cou nt for 10
a cleari ngho use for any news and A Clegg 22'er, ser. no. 19 0Q. 5 78, points, each new coun try will cou nt
d eve lo p ments concern ing VH F. T h is is belongi ng to the Wallingford, Conn. for 50 p oints, an d each new con tinent
a rejuvenation of the same net that Civil Defense Group was b lasphe- 250 points. Contacts must take p lace
sort o f died out several months back mousl y r ipped fr om the dashboard of on or after December 15, 1972, wi th
12 73 MAGAZIN E
REPEATER OWNERS
Don't Take Chances. SENTRY offers custom made crystals made exactly
to your specifications. When it comes to crystals for your repeater, BUY THE
BEST - SENTRY. .
RE PEATER USERS
If you want reliable access to t he repeaters in your area, you wan t and
need SENT RY CRYSTALS. SENT RY CRYSTALS are cust om made for your
rig. We don't st oc k a large quantity of crystals for a certain frequency and
hope you can tweak th em to frequency in you r rig. We d o offer FAST service
.on crysta ls made especially for you and your rig. If y ou want reliabl e,
on-frequency operation, INSIST ON SENTRY.
FEBRUAR Y 1973 13
,
RTTY PICTURE OF THE MONTH!
Want to see your artwork here?
iTNA VElING
CI( )
0
~.... -
)'0 r::J
uO ..-_. _.-.- -_. _.-
---
... ...._.
.. ....-,.,.",. .- ........".-
,
. ~ . _ - _.,
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Joe Kasser G3ZCZ/W3
170 1 East Wesl High way, Apt. 205
.~
..
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.
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.....
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Silver Spring ND 20910.
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sec ond fra mes, a considerably lower Slow sca n T V is goi ng st rong. even
" .~
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elevat ion is acceptable. Due to t he the police force are getting in on t he ,'
_
camera used, he was unable to fu n. The Sussex Cou nty police use "
adequately illustrate the gray scale slow scan fo r base t o mo bile commu- ....,,' ,,'
.........
'
. ,
. .. .. .
.
prese nt in the photographs. nication for passi ng pictures of sus-
.... . ". ._.. _.. .. _
.
. ..
More slow scan tests are scheduled pects quickly . so as to facil itate and .,... .
.......... _.....
'
.- ,'~
"., . ...
_
_ .. ~
_ .. ,
,.,., ",'.'""",
" "_ .. ,.",,,.....
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,
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....
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...
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In Europe. the VHF bands are ...." ..".,.,'," " __ , _,...,.".. ".....
... ,
" .. ..N
- _ ,, .. .. .,
"' ~
,-
,
voluntary pla nned so that st ations in a ....... .
. " . ,
- ....
_ ,.
,
.. .
region occupy a section of the band.
~
....
.....
....
.....
,
.
_
- --
, _ M.'."
.
_-. .
,
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. ..
.
.
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Stations in a neighboring region oc-
cupy a diffe rent part of the band . In
.........
........,.,.,. . -"
_-. ...
-.
_
.
. ... .. H"..
. -' ......-,
.......,
' ... ~
'.. -. ..
-
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....
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-
have not had any lette rs offering
ideas. Does t hat mean that everyone is
spendi ng the ir ti me at home? If so.
then thi s colu mn will have to cease THIRD PARTY REGS
appeari ng. so 73 can use the space fo r EASED
something that will be of more in- DURING HOLIDAYS
Now that OSCAR 6 is a definite
terest to the reeders. How about a
success. we are faced wi th a growi ng Exchanges of th ird party traff ic
co lum n called " The Homebody
problem - what next? AMSAT has were tempora rily permitted between
Ham?"
t he next satellite in line. but what will The Republic o f Korea and the United
Wha t do you do if you need mo re
we do with it? After a while GSO's States during the Christmas-New Yea r
FM freq uencies than y ou r 6 channel
lose some of their exc iteme nt. A few Holidays. Phone patches were allowed
rig will allow? Do you put in the most
people have written in a nd suggested between HL9 stat ions in Korea and
used or wait at each st reet corner and
ideas. a nd AMSAT is looking them amateurs in the contin ental U.S. and
cha nge conti nuously? Here in the
over. A portion o f next month's its possessions during the period of
Washington area we need more than
column will be devoted t o what is in Dec. 21. 1972 th rough J an . 4, 1973.
the 6 posi tions t han the usua l rig
the future for amateur satellites. If Wi th good resu lt s during this period
contains. yet a synthesizer is too
you have any ideas or suggestions of joined with the possib ility of easing
bulky to carry arou nd . One enter-
possible experiments. please drop me pol itical tensions. can we e xpect a
prising fellow carries two rigs.
a line . T hank you. more liberal commun icat ions agree-
. . .WBB LBP G3ZCZIW3 me nt with Korea?
14 73 MAGAZINE
FM-21 22n MH z TRAN SCE IVER
~
, 0 CDo,.
,
INT ERNAT IONAL 19731ARC PROPAGATION
RECIPROCAL OPE RATORS R ESEARC H CONTEST
CLUB The object of th is c o ntest is to
A club which supports the es tab- work as many CPR ZONES as cos
lishment of worldwide reciprocal ama- Sible. CW/R TTY dates 000 1 GMT
teu r radio privileges has opened its Feb. 17 to 2400 GMT Feb. 25;
membership to all reciprocal ama- PHONE dates 0001 GMT Mar. 24 to
teurs. Membership is free. Send a copy 2400 GMT Apr. 1. Exchange signal
of your home and foreign reciprocal report plus zone no. Final score
license with a OSL and two lAC's to equals no. of zones worked X no. of
IAOC. Box 33, Medway, MA USA. contacts. Contacts in own zone do not
count as contact points. Mail all logs
MUSK EGON HAMFEST LA POATE SWAP FEST to L.M . Rund lett, 2001 Eye sr.. NW.,
The 1973 ARRL Great Lakes Dfvl -
The La Porte, Indiana, Amateur Wash., DC 20006.
sion Conventton -Hemtesr will be held
in Muskegon, Michigan on March Rad io Club will hol d its An nual
23 -24. Ham-Hospitality will be ot- Swap-fest a nd Auc tion o n Sunday,
G RANT CO UNTY FESTIVITIES
fered at the Ramada Inn on Friday Fe bruary 4 th, 1973, beginning at
evening the 23rd. Saturday, start ing at Noon, at the Civic Auditorium. There February 18: Grant County Ama-
8 :00 AM, technical sessions. swap & will be talk-in on 94 and on the La teur Radio Club Swap and Shop at
shop. commercial exhibitions and net Porte Repeater, 22-82 .3910 will also Jonesboro Park Shelter House,
meetings will be held at Muskegon be monitored. Jonesboro, Indiana - 10 AM to 4 PM.
Community College. More fun at the VHF CONT EST
Ramada Inn that night ! Tickets are
$2.25. Reservations and info may be Wo r lw i de V HF Activ i ty
LAKE CO UNTY HAM BANQUET
had by contacting Muskegon Area 19 73 - 3PM local March 10 to 1QPM
The Lake County (Indiana) Arre -
ARC. PO Box 69 1, Muskegon MI local March 11. Purpose: To keep
49443 (see their ad on page 119). If VH F bands active, allow rig testing, teur Radio Club, Inc ., proudly an-
you attend you wil l also be ab le to allow hams to get acquainted with nounces its 20th annual Radio Club
meet the gang from 73 ... we 'lI be fellow VHFers. Exchange call letters. Banquet to be held at the Scherwood
there! county and state. Count contacts with Club, 600 East Joliet St.. Schererville,
mobiles in each coun ty worked. Ind. The date is Saturday, February
3 RD WORLDWIDE SSTV Mobiles ca n wo rk a statio n o nce from 10, 19 73, and t he affa ir starts
CONTEST eac h cou nty of mobile or portable promptly at 6:30 PM, CST. Awards,
The thi rd worldwide contest for operation . Let 's see some mobiles. music, speeches, food - a ll you can
SSTVers is being sponsored by cq Scoring: Multip ly number of contacts eat - entertainment, good fellowship.
electronoca Magazine. The operating times number of counties worked Bring your wife, family , or girl friend.
times are 1500-2200 GMT Feb. 10, times number of states worked. Tickets are $5 each, and are available
and 0700-1400 GMT Feb. 18. Plan Awards : Certificate to each station from Herbert S. Brier, W9EGQ, 385
to use all authorized frequencies on scoring 100 points on six or 50 points Johnson St., Gary , Ind iana 46402, or
80 through 10 meters. Each two-wav o n two meters. Certificate to the top from other club members. Positively
excha nge counts o ne poi nt with a station in each state regard less of no t ic ke ts sold at door.
mul t ipl ier of 10 fo r each continent score. This applies to eac h band of
and an addi tional multip lier of 5 for operation. Eac h band is a separate
each official ARRL country. The only entry and a station can enter one or
exception is that each VE and W call both bands. Logs should show time
area will count as a separate country. band mode and exchange info. Mail
Logs must contain ' Time (GMT). logs by April 15 to WA3N UL, Box
Frequencies, Data. Call sign, No. sent 1062, Hagerstown MD 21740.
and rece ived, Country multip liers,
Points and final score . They must be WHEATON HAMFEST
rece ived by Pro f, Fran co Fant i, via A.
Dellolio 19 , 40 139 Bol ogna Italy be- The Wheaton Community Radio
fore March 20, 1973. Amateurs will hold their 11 th annual
NOTE : All contacts must be made Mid-Winter Swap and Shop on Sun-
via SSTV only. Use of any other mode day. February 11, 1973 at the DuPage
of transmission before, during or after Cou n tv Fai rgrou nds, Wheaton,
the Slow Scan exchange is not permit- Illi no is. Hours: 8 :00 AM to 5:00 PM.
ted, and will cause you r log to become $ 1.50 Advance/$2.00 at the door. We
inva lidated. a re ex pand ing to two bu ildings this
year. Re freshme nts and unlimited
FOOTHILL HAMFEST parki ng. Brin g your own ta ble s. Free
The Foothill High Amateur Radio coffee and donuts 9 :00 - 9 :30AM
Club is having its first annual Swap- Hams , CB'ers, electronic hobbyists,
meet and Hamfest Saturday , Feb. 3. friends and commercial exhibitors are
Technicians p~pan Western Uroon mlt'f
1973, at Foothill High School, 19251 cordially invited . Write W.C.R .A., Bill national's transportable satt!llire ground ste-
Dodge Ave., on the corner of Dodge Rambox, WB9AVD, P.O. Box QSL, tion, WUJI . aboard the USS Ticonderoga to
and Newport Ave . It begins at 9 AM Wheaton, Ill ino is 60 187 for informa- transmit Jive television coverage of the
t o 5 PM. Tickets are 35~ for adu lts t ion. Please include SASE with tic ket events surrounding Apollo 17 via communi
a nd 254 for children under 12. Booths reques ts. NO T E: T icke t p rices cations sarellite. The 15(oot diameter ex
pandable parabolic antenna is mo um ed on d
are $5 each. For more information, an nou nced last mo nth in this column gyro-stabilized plat form to ena ble an ec.
call 714/8387385 between 7 AM and were incorrect. The amounts shown c urate view of the satellite reqardJess of the
2 :30 PM Monday through Friday. above express the actual ticket prices. vessel's sea-qom g ma neuvers
16 73 MAGAZINE
Super Char ger, a leather case and a piece 01 gear they offered was all that
NEW~ I'ROIJUCTS rubber-duckie wh ip.
The price of the Kp202 less acces-
was needed for fu ll enjoyme nt of the
HF fr equ en c ie s. Th e prob lem
sories is S21 9 . Con tact Grove Elec- was ... they weren 't ex actly telling
tronics, Box 565. Roxbury Crossing t he tru th ... Lurk ing near the t op end
MA 02 120. of the BC band , sandwiched in be-
HAND TRANSCEI VER
tween sku ll rattling LORA N signa ls,
SCANNER FOR HR2 was band number si x. lOr band num-
ber ONE. depending on you r particu -
lar feelings regardi ng the situati on. I
If one wished to operate o n 160,
what equipment did he have to choose
from ? His eu.tena SO- 10M rig did
little to hel p the situat ion. Most arna-
teurs had t o scrounge around at ham-
/ fests for beat up gear that no one else
wanted. A well equ ipped 160 station
usually ran a Ranger I or a DX-100.
Th is writer used a Letti ne 240 for a
lon g while before he ad vanced to a 20
year old converted Comma nd Set.
{Incidentally, a free 73 book is avail-
Topeka FM has just an nou nced a able to th e first person who can send
two channel scanne r for th e Regency th e Technical Editor a description of
If you were look ing for a small HR2 and HR 2A transceiver. T he un it that old Lettine.l
z-rreter hand-held transce iver t o hang plugs into HR2 with only 3 soldering Sideband was naturally a latecomer
onto your belt not t oo long ago, Your connect ions and one component to the band . Not that SSB was un-
searc h was p ro bably li mited ... to ch ange to the ri g. Unit mo unts inter- welcome. there just wasn' t any gear
wha t you cou ld find. Now, with nall y above A, B, and C crystal soc k- arou nd. The only hope was to run
several t ypes available you can afford ets. Scanning is accomp lished by in- into a stray 20A at (again) a hamfest,
to shop around a b it before mak ing sert ing desired cry sta ls into positions or home brew something. Heath of-
you r decision. A and B on th e board . A and B will be fered a mod ified mar ine radio for a
One to co nsider is th e new KP202, scanned when switc h is in position C, while, but it was restrictively crystal
a six channel, 2 Watt unit that is bei ng th us no cha nge to the radio is needed. controlled . The situ at ion was such
offered by Grove Elect ron ics. Admit - Unique search-back fea ture allows that active 160 men were restricted
tedly, 2W is a bit of a strain on a unit to scan channe l not in use every 5 from operating SSB becau se of the
battery pack composed o f 10-250 seconds. Thi s may be d isab led or lack of equip ment; and SSB men were
mAH m-eads. bu t Grove wo rks around switc hed in and out. Sca n rate is 20 restricted from operating 160 by their
the problem by using Fast-Charge cells times a second when no channel is in equipme nt's lack of fl ex ibility. Lots
t hat retu rn to full charge in just 3 use. SCAN 2 is avai lable fo r 5 19.95, of people were secretly angry at man-
hours when connected to their acces- includ ing shipping, fro m Topeka FM ufactu rers.
sory Super Charger. For such a sma ll Co m m u n ications and Electronics. Latel y th e picture has been chanq-
unit there is a lways a trade-off be- 1313 E. 18 th Terrace. Topeka KS ing ... slowly . Since LORA N is on its
tween battery life and power. The 66607. way out as a navigat ion system, (it has
rece iver has better th an 0 .35 p.V sen si- been obsolete for a long time I peop le
t ivity and draws about 15 mA on ALL BAND LI NEA R have sta r ted to take 160 seriously for
standby. One n ice featu re o f the rig is (HON EST!) what it always was, a damned good
tha t it has trimmer capacitors on not place in the spectru m to operate on.
only the t ransmit but the receive At least o ne manufact urer has taken
crystals as wel l. These are an extra th e step to add that extra position on
that is not found on some rigs that th e bandswitch of his rig . . . and
have space to spare . everyone is giving serious conside ra-
Inside, the first th ing you not ice is t io n towards doing th e same.
th e large amo unt of shield ing that is Suppose you are in the market for
....... ,
used. Each section is surrounded by .
0 - i : --
some new gear ? Would you rather buy
its own little wall o f copper. The
second thing you notice is. co mp ared
to othe r components, how much
" a five band or a six band rig? It mak es
litt le sense to spend that wad of cash
and get cheated out of a band. And
space is taken by th e tran sistors. They
seem huge next to th e o th_er sub-
miniatu re parts. T his is pr obably due
l - -.Jr how ab out a linea r? If you are th ink-
ing of gett ing one now, what are you
going to do with it once you update
to the super.tiqht packaging required your station with a six band exciter?
to get all tha t circuit ry int o a hand A new linear ampl ifier has been put Once LORA N goes, so does the power
sized case. The construc tion in general on th e amateur market by Top Band restr ict ions . Wit ho ut th at extra switch
shou ld stand plen ty of hard use. Sys tems that runs 2000 watts PEP on posi t ion you' lI be destined to operate
The co ntro ls i ncl ude on/off al l six bands, 160 th rough 10 meters. barefoot until you trade that amplifier
volume, squelch and the channel For quite a whi le manufactu rers of in for some th ing wit h mo re capabili -
switch. An outp ut /voltage/S- meter is amate ur eq u ipment to ok great pr ide t ies.
buil t-i n and a tel escoping whip is in- in advetisinq thei r all-band sideband The TB L 20 00 offe rs you a choice
cluded. along wit h cr ysta ls for 34-94 rigs and linears. Th is was n ice for now. For an attract ive price of 5259
and 94 simplex . The accessories in- t hem from an advert ising pro in t of you can purchase a linear that wi ll
clude t he n icad batte ry pac k, their view. It gave the imp ression that th e operate on all six bands wh ether you
FEBRUARY 1973 17
J
a transceiver by Tempo
MORE THAN A YEAR AGO THE TEMPO FREQUENCY STABILITY: Less than 100 cycles afte r
'ONE' WAS INTRODUCED TO THE AMA warm-u p , a nd less than 100 cycles for plus o r m inu s 10%
TEUR WORLD AS THE N EW ON E'. NOW line vol tage c ha nge.
WITH THO USANDS IN USE IT'S T H E MODES OF OPERATION: SS B up per and lower
sideba nd, CW and AM. _
PROVEN ONE'. LOOK AT ITS PRICE AND INPUT POWER: 300 watts PEP, 24 0 wa tts CW
THEN LOOK AT ITS SPECIFICATIONS. ANTENNA IMPEDANCE : 50-75 oh ms
ADD TO THIS ITS RECORD OF RELIABIL CARRI E R SUPPRESSION: -40 dB o r bette r
ITY AND THE RESULT CAN BE SUMMED SIDEBANDSUPPRESSION : -SO dB at 1000 CPS
THIRD ORDER INTERMODULATIONPRODUCTS:
UP IN ON E WORD ... VALUE. 30 d B IPEP)
AF BANDWIDTH : 3QO.2700 cps
SPECIFICATIONS RECEIVER SENSITIVITY: 1/ 21J.v input SI N 10 dB
FREQUENCY RANGE : All ama teur ba nds 80 through
10 meters in five 50 0 kh z. ranges : 3.5-4 mhz., 7-7.5 AGC : Fast a ttack slow deca y for SS B and CWo
mh z. 14:14.5 mhz. 21 -21 .5 mhz.. 28 .5-29 mh z. SELECTIVITY: 2.3 khz . (6 dB l. 4 khz. (-60 dB)
(Crystals optiona lly available for ran ges 28-28 .5 , IMAGE REJECTION: Mo re than 50 d B.
AUDIO OUTPUT : 1 watt at 10 % dis tortion .
29-29.5,29.5-30 mhz.l . . . AUDIO OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: Bohrns and 600 oh ms
SOLIC STATE VFO : Very stab le Colpitts crrcu u With
transistor buffer prov ides linea r tuning over the range POWER SUPPLY: Separate AC o r DC requ ired . See AC
5-5.5 mhz. A p assband fi lter at output is tuned to pass " ON E" and DC " ON E" below.
the 5-5.5 mh z. ra nge . TUBES AND SEMICONDUCTORS : 16 tubes, 15
RECEIVER OFFSET TUNING (CLARIFIER) : Pro - d iodes, 7 t ra nsistors
vides +5 khz . variation of receiver tun ing when swi tched TEMPO "ONE " TRA NSCEIVER $319.00
AC/ ON E POWER SUPPLY
ON . .
DIAL CALIBRATION: Vern ier scale ma rked wit h one 117/230 vo lt 50 /GO cycle . . . $ 9 9.00
kilohertz d ivisions. Mai n t un ing dial calib rated 0 -500 DC/1 -A POWER S UPP LY 12 volts DC . $ 110.00
with 50 khz. po ints. Prices subject to change without notice.
73's WORLDWIDE
SALES
REPRESENTATIVES
U.s. AREA REPRESENTATIVES Martinus N ijh off
New Mex ico/West Te xas P.O. Box 269 '
Ambrose G. Barry , W4 GH V! 5 911 La nge Voorhout
1010 Ju niper A venue T he Hague , Holl and
A lam ogord o , N ew Mexic o Bryan R . Vcqe r rv
Irish Ra dio Tr an smitt ers Society
OX REPRESENTATIVES 9 Wellington
Dun Laolne, Ireland
BeN Agencies Prv . L t d .
178 Collins Street Orio n Bo o ks
Mel bou rne 30 00. V ictoria 13-1 9 Akasaka 2-e home
Australi a Mi nato -ku
Toky o 107 . J apa n
The Wirel ess Insti t ute of Au stralia
478 Vi cto ri a Parade Gordon an d Go t ch Ltd .
P.O . Bo x 3 6 P.O. Box 584
East Me lbourne, Victoria Auckla nd, New Zealand
Australia
G. H . Gil lman
Smarts Road
Carl os Rohden Wai k u k u AMD
Calx a Postal 5004 Rangiora , North Cante rbury
Sao Paulo , S.P. New Zealand
Brasil
FEBRUARY 1973 19
,
are read y to or not. As opposed 10 IS 1.25) rs usee. S,mllar models for average 100 wa tt dummy loa d. The
being obsore te In the future . It is 406 to 4 70 MHz are available. 529. 95 tr emendous reduction m size is ac .
already one step ahead of the rest of from Topeka FM Communications comotished by requ iring the Min iload
your sta ti o n ' It uses five 6 LF6 power and Electronics, 1313 E. 18th 10 be mounted to a su itable heatsink
pe ntodes in the fina l compartment Te rrace, Topeka KS 66607. whi le m use. It IS designed to allo w
wh ic h ma kes It easy whe n the time maximum heat transfer from t he rests-
c o mes for replace ment. A new set of AUTO CHAR GER FO R tive element to the case so a lmost any
finals can be o rdered for 5 20. Each CORDLESS SO LDERING IRO N eq uip ment panel o r chassis will serve
tu be has its o wn bias con trol to mak e as the mou nting point an d heat sink .
t he jo b simp le . The dri ving power J ust tuck it away in some unused
requi red is between 70 and 150W and corner and forget it. No need to h unt
an ALC c ircu it p rotec ts the linear a round for those (usua lly lost ) inter-
fro m doing what it is not sup posed t o. co nnect ing cables next time you wa nt
The mete ring syste m is p rac tica lly t o do some work on your tran smitter
absolute. There are switch positions to because th e load will be bui lt in.
monitor th e ca thode c urrent of eac h Th e Model 8 07 1 features a VSWR
fina l tube separa tel y, plus tota l p late, bel ow 1.1 from dc to 1000 MHz and a
screen a nd grid cu rrents and high figur e bel o w 1.2 u p to 2000 MHz with
vo ltage. As a bonus, a forward and its fema le SM A connect o r. The price
reverse readi ng Wattmeter will mea- is S1 25 ; from Bird Electronic Corp.,
sure ou tputs to 1(X)() Watts. The A new accessory is ava ilable for the 30303 A u rora Road. Cleveland
power su pply is built -in and operates Wahl " leo-T ip" cord less so ldering (Solon) OH 44'39.
you r 220V line. It is desktop and irons t hat lets you recharge t he ir
fairly lightweight - lOKg (22 lbs): A batteries via an automo bile c iga re tte MICROWAVE DIODES
modified ve rsion. the TBL 2000 X, is lighter. With th is gadg et. the se rio us
ava ilable for th e 110/220 V o pe rat ion. mo bile enthusi ast no longer has an y
(15 Amps at th e lower vo ltace.} It has reason to leave his car. The last wire
a ll t he sa me features but we ights connection to the home a TH has
slightly mo re because of the extra been cu t!
tra nsformer mass.1805 kHz , watch out ! The increased portab ility is wei .
Fo r furth er info rmation contact : Top comedo Cordless so ld ering irons in
Band S ystems, 1839 Redondo A ve. , t hemselves are great. What else are
Long Beach CA 90804. yo u going t o use when soldering a
co nnect ion a t th e to p of a towe r?
4 50 MHz PRE AMP Every th ing has been t ried , from a
torc h to a match . but ex pected ly a
solde ring iron works best. The on ly
trouble is when y ou get t o that
remote repeate r site and you suddenly Ampere x Electron ic Corporat ion
re me mber that the iro n is st ill in the has announced four new lines of
~ :.- "~";.,/ shac k where you p lugged it in the
-: f;- ~ mic rowave diodes for co m mun icat ions
....
.
do ' _,<l
,?(l ' - night bef o re so it wo uld get a good and other c ommercial applicat io ns.
c ha rge. Fo r $4.9 5 you ca n ge t thi s The four lines include 11 Schottky
adaptor that wiII let you keep th at barrier devices, fou r tuning varactor
iron ready in the car (whe re it be- d iodes. 23 Gunn effect devices . and
longs, o f cou rse) . An overnight charge five IMPATT devices.
will restor e dead batteries to a full
The 11 Schottky barrier d iod es are
One of the first th ings you start c harge with negligib le d rain on the intended for lo w-noise mixer and de-
loo king fo r once you have gotten ove r auto mo bile system. The :tt 7585 Auto tector a pplicat ions up to 18 GHz.
the excitement of co mp le ting your Charger Plug Assembly is availab le All 1 1 types in t his group a re
first 450 MHz a 50 is someth ing to from Whal Clipper Corp. , 2902 Locust ava ilable in matched pairs.
pep up yo ur receiver. To pek a FM has sc. S terling IL 6 1081.
just ad ded a dual-gate MOS FET pre- The four tuning va rec tor diodes are
am p to their tine that could possibly RF MINI LOAD higha , GaAs, Scho ttky barrier de-
he lp quench that desire. vices. Each of t hese t y pes o ffe rs a
Constru cted o n a G 1 1 low loss tuning ra nge of 3 : 1 wit h volt age var ia-
epo xy c ircuit board, the 4 50M has a t io n from 0 to 12 V and has low se ries
vo lt age ga in of 15 d B wit h a noi se resistance (max. 3.0n) for low c ircuit
figure of typically 4 .5 dB . Th e board loss.
is silver plated for maximum efficien- The 23 Gunn effect diodes offer a
cy and has a shie ld o n both sides for wide range of powe r out pu ts and
maximu m isolation of the in pu t and frequencies fo r use in local oscillators
o utput circui ts . The MOS FET design in radar and co mmu nicat io n systems.
insu res superior cross-modulat ion per-
The f ive silico n IMPATI device s are
formance and reduced spuri ous re o
used as oscillators in t elecommunice-
spo nses. The input an d ou tput con-
tions and radar syst ems at C. X and
nectars are mated RCA and the un it
Ku ba nd freq uencies.
come s complete with instructions and A new 50 n rf load resistor has been
a ll moun ting hard ware . It is designed annou nced by Bird Electronic Cor- More information mav be o btai ned
to o perate fr o m 1Q--- 15V but ma y be porat io n. As you can see fro m the by writing: Product Manager, Amper-
fed with higher pla te voltages when photograp h, it does not have t he ex Electronic Corporation, Hicksville
th e acce sso ry HF450P K ada ptor appearance you wo uld expect of the Division, Hicksville. New York 11802.
20 73 MAGAZINE
HATRY ELECTRONICS
500 Ledyard St., Hart fo rd, Ct. 061 14 203-527-1881
See Ward, W1WRQ Take Airport Hd, Exit, Hte, 6, off 1-9 1 or Hte . 15
~o --~~ .. . .
--- 000
DIGITAL PANEL METE RS o-ov.oec). go ld plated, eccura tetv call is be ing ma rketed by The Hani cra tt ers
hrated ar tenuat or SWItc hes. and 75H Co.
type F connector for signa l input.
Meter is ca librate d to read ave rage
signal s trenqtn and the ent ire un it
opera tes on fou r standard 9V batteries
with extreme ly low cu rrent consump
non fo r e xtended life. Its range is
from 54 to 890 MHz.
For further info rma t ion contact
Btonder-Tongue Laborator ies, tnc.,
One Jack Bro wn Road. Old Bridge,
N.J. The Model MC40 5 opera tes in the
A new line of digital panel me ters
450-470 MHz freq uency range , de-
are available from Weston Instru-
livering 5 watts output. Th e radio's
ments. The series 1220 d raws only FET PROBE FOR
3/4W of power from a 6 V source. universal mounting tray permits it to
OSCILLOSCOPE
be mounted horizontally or ve rt icall y,
They come in five voltage ranges from
0-- 100 mV to 0 - 1000V and five either on top o f a flat su rface or
current ranges from 0-10J.l A to ove rhe ad. always leaving the controls
0- 100 mAo Accurac y is claimed to be readily accessible at a t ouch of the
t o .1% of the d isplayed amount. f inger.
Readout is accomp li shed by the use of Tone sq uelch and selective call op-
pluq.in LEO d isplay units and provi. tions furthe r provide the user with
sia n is made to incorpora te a push-to- tru ly personalized commu nicat ions.
read circuit for battery conservation. The new " Mobile Co mmand" UHF
Alt hough these meters are relatively Model MC405 is in the $600.00 price
e xpensive for ord inary ham use, just range . For further data, contact The
think of the fun you cou ld have being Hallicrafters Co., Dept. PR., 600
the first one on the block to own a Hicks Road, Rolling Meadows IL
d igital Wattme te r! The accuracy 60008.
would be ama zing. One of t hese
me ters could give you an unmatched W2NSD /l COJIlJIlued
record of your rig's perf ormance by
noting the slightest drop in powe r t hat askance at articles showing how to
would normally go unnoti ced wh ile build moni tors to p lug into tha t ser-
watching a meter need le. vice fun ction . Let's get those IC chips
Prices for the Model 1220 d igita l flying.
me ters run a bit under $100. For
more informa tion cont act D.F. FAX
D iCer to, Weston Instruments, 6 14
Frelinghuysen A ve. Newark NJ. Hamfax looks like an other fun way
A new active F 1:1' .u c be for wide- to go and 73 most eagerly solicits
band osctu oscocc, nas been an- articles on every aspect of it. Let's see
PO RTABLE FIELD
nounced by Test & Measuring Instru- how to get machines on the air-
STRENGTH METER
me nts , Inc. where we can tune for fax signals -
The PM9353 measures low am pfi- converter construction projects - the
t ude, high frequency signals without works.
ap pr e c iable circuit load ing. The
MOVIE MONEY NEEDED
probe 's bandwidth is 220 MHz, mak-
ing it suit able for osc illoscopes wit h One of the more importa nt events
intrinsic bandwidths t r- ~f) MHz wit h in recent history for amateur rad io -
no adverse effect on .. ~ scilloscope and for emerging nations - has been
rise t ime . the setting up of amateur rad io sta-
Input imp eda nce of the PM9353 is tions in the schools in Jordan. Several
3.5 pF in parallel with 1 Mn ; its of these have been se t up and are
unity-gain FET amplif ier el iminates being enthusiasticall y opera ted by a
the 10: 1 attenu at ion on conventional gr owi n g n u mbe r of interest ed
probes wit hout int roducing high inpu t students.
capacitance . As I have wr itten before, the de-
For detailed information write : velopme nt of count ries hinges today
Test & Measuring Instruments tn c., on their ability to commun icat e. Elec-
224 Duffy A venue, H icksville NY tron ics and com municat ions is t he
11802. major key to their a bility to develo p.
And without people who know and
UH F "MOBI L E COMMAN D" are interested in electr onics a country
Blonder-Tongue Laboratories has A two-way mobile rad io that is is ser iously hobbled . They need
just announced the availability of a slim, safe t y styled , has 5 watts of people to bui ld equ ipme nt - to install
new, a ll sol id s tate po rt able fie ld power output with a ll solid sta te it - to ope ra te it - to service it.
st rength me te r. circuitry and 3-ehannel capability on Unfortuna tely , in virtually every
Feat ures normally associated only transm it and receive wi th recessed smaller country , the emp hasis IS on
with laboratory or bench models in- cont rols, plus opt ional tone sq uelch
clu de au dio output jack (earphone and se lective ca ll , the Model MC405, Con tinued on p . 156.
22 73 MAGAZ IN E
Re: Grav ity Abecedarium, Nov. 72,
Par. 7
don' t ever It seems to me that Kepler d id a lot
more than "obta in excellent observa-
b tiona l data:' so that "Newto n was
ab le to show that h is princip le of
n universa l gravity d id in fac t ex plain
beautifully the complex mo t ions of
the planet ... ,.
According to the Encyc lo pedia
ins is t t ha t y o u p r int e v Britan nica, (ASTRONOMY). '54,
Kep ler's 3 rd law, " ... being a neces-
sary consequence of th e law of qravl-
Reference certain le tte rs appeari ng Wow! I wish to compleme nt you tat ion, must prevail in every sy ste m
in 73. I suspect that you have now t ellers a nd gals for t he best copy of a unde r its s w a y. " Also, " The
achieved the first genuine break- ham magazine I've ever read. If you Rudolphine Tables computer by him
through in ham radio since SSB kee p this up, you are definitely No.1 . ( Kepler) from elliptic e lements, re-
arrived. I refer to comments on the The a rticles on gravity and Tesla were tained a ut ho rit y for a century, and
October and November cov ers. How classic. My XY L loved reading them have in principle never been super-
much mo re reward ing than a picture also. seded ." Furthermore, " . . the im-
of an Ie, or so me lad t esting h is In the way of suggestion, I wish to portance of Ke pler's generalizations
antenna! I hope that most hams (and rec o mmend to you two new depart- was not fu ll y apprec iate d un ti l Sir
their XYL's) can take a mature view ments for classic papers: Entitle t hem
the " Past Classic" [Teslal and the Isaac Newton made them t he corner-
of the forest . as wel l as of the trees. stone of his cosmic edifice." And
Don't retreat. " Fut ure Classic" (Grav ity). Then soli-
ci t articles fo r e ach department. finall y, " T he true foundations of a
AI Smith WIGAA/K:iZ'IS mechan ica l theory of the heavens
Temple ;\ 11 Best o f luck and boy am I glad I
have a life subscrip tio n. were la id by Kepler's discoveries, and
1 have been getting issues of 73, by Galilee's dynamical demonstra-
ca, and CST for o ne year now. I have Olio G ru l)!' W9LII t!Ions ... ..
dum ped my su bscription to CST and Newton's concept of gravity and his
will no longer purchase CO a t the The co ver of your Nov. issue is co ncept o f point sources fo r gravita-
newstand . They just can't cut it like stu nning; the issue itse lf is outstend- tional forces both seem to have been
73 can . Keep up the good work. ing . Keep up the cover and size of implied in Kepler's laws. And Kepler
Wayne. content . It's 'NOrth it at a buck and a was the first to ,.. . explain beauti -
The November issu e wa s fantast ic. I half. Just grea t , just great!!! fully t he complex motions of the
got more out of it than all my CST's Mill'S Ea nnon K40l ,A Planets ... " 50 years ahead of
and CO's put together. If the Novem- Newton. K is fo r Keple r!
Atlwus GA Gl'orge W. Fyler W9jT
ber issue is anyth ing like what coming
issues of 73 are going to be like, I will Lo mbard I L.
rema in a faithful subscriber. The November issue is terrific! Am Here is some update information
Dave WB5FWE ma king note in next "O ld Timers for your Repeat er Atlas:
Fort Smith AR Bulletin" about the Testa article - Please delete the following -
telling readers t o write to 73 if they Cherry Hill NJ Repeater (22/821
After reading the lette r on Page 62, wish to purchase a copy. Camden Repeate r (22/ 82)
Dec. 72 issue, trorrr
, Mrs. Philip Shera,
,
Bruce W2B HK Repeater (22/8 2)
I cou ld on ly wonder that If Mr. Shere The Ant ique Wirl'll'lI.'l Association, Inc. W2F LY Repeater (2 2/ 82)
was so puritanic , why d id he not write Holcomb N Y Plus whatever reference to a 22/82
that letter himself? Ho Ho Ho ! repeater in South Jersey.
Fran kly I love those adulterous Now, where ell this info came from
thoughts I get after vie Voli ng your Oct. Wayne, you didn't have to send me is confusi ng - they are all one and the
and especia lly Nov. 73 cover! I guess the renewal slip, I wouldn't miss an same mach ine.
I'm just a nother di rty ole man ham! issue for a million bucks. I've trie d a ll Any how, a lic ense has been re-
You cou ld se nd your 73's in a plain t he major ma gs, and I find yours ceived a nd we 'd like t o have it listed
bro wn e nvelope if you have a second better t han ca ll ing CO or OST in Ham as follows :
objection to the covers. You probably Radio (hi, hi) . WB2ZQa - South J ersey - 22/ 82 -
had o nly this one. I'm trying to get my ham friends to o pen repeater.
Clarence jones subscribe, and I've about got them. Fo r the record, it is a split-s ite
Saint George Sc t oo ! repeater with an input at WB2 EVU 's
Dan- W N 5GII ~
QTH in Eria l. N.J . (ground eleva tion
My wife just saw the fro nt cover of 200 ttl . Eq uip ment is a 4bay J pole
the Nove mber issue of 73. She says C'mon, Way ne! How about a cen-
terfold spread? You kno w - a strip- o n a 6 0 ft fowe r, G E Progress Line
she don't ca re - but I can't subscribe rece iver a nd a Motorol a T44 link
to your magazine NO MOR E! ped amplifier . . . a barefoot transmit-
t er . . a stacked antenna .. . t ransmitter.
Phil W9 jH S The t ransmitte r is located 3 miles
'\Iiehael R. Hanna K8UUO
Par lll Hts 0 11 away in Blenheim, N.J. at an aban-
I am in total eqreement with y our doned comme rcial site (wi th pe rm is-
November edi torial re the new repeat- Please c orrect the spell ing of my sion of the owners, of cou rse!)
er rules. By imposing such unneces- last name . I've been called a lot of Eq uipment is a T44 Rx and an
sary restrictive regul at io ns on arna- diffe ren t name s, but you r inte rpreta- RCA ea rphone. Tran smi tter at 40
teurs wh ile a t t he same time perm it- t ion takes the c ake. The address label watts to an Andrews 3dB antenna at
ting the bed lam that exists on 11 from 73 reads : 130 feet, fed with RG 18. (Ground
meters, the commission is fostering W F SWI LL J R etevetion e 85 ft) .
the same contempt for its authority 3824 WI CKER ST Control is accomplished with a
that made CB what it is today. HIGHLAND IN 46322 second T44 receiver on 450 MHz
I urge all read ers to flood Washing- W.r. S wiss, J r. W9H VY using secode.
t on wit h support fo r your petitions. P.S. Keep up the good design o n the Coverage is approxima tely 30 m iles
john Cable WA 4AI Z magaz ine covers, especia lly like the fro m Exit 3 of N.J . Turnpike.
Rale igh NC October issue. Continued on page J 56 .
FE B RUA RY 19 73 23
FCC Report No. 8244, December 21, 1972 --;:.
ACTION IN DOCKET CASE
RULES FOR REPEATER STATIONS --
::",.
::",.
IN AM ATEUR RADIO SERVICE >- -"I
AFFIRMED BY FCC ."..
-,;:.
/.,
~ TIT/ OS S
The a me ndme nts of Par t 97 of the Stating th at petit ions added no thing to
Amat eur radio service rules ado p ted in the the information consi dered in ado pting the
Co m mission's Report and Order in Docket Report a nd Order, the Co mmissio n ex-
18803 ( FCC 72-757, released Septem ber 8, plained that o pera tio n of a repeater stat ion
19 72 ), have been affi rmed by the FCC and in the Amateur Rad io Service could prese nt
numerous petit ions fo r reconsideration , stay unique problems no t comparab le to other
o r changes have bee n denied. The Re port rad io service such as Land Mobile o r Citize ns
and Order esta blishe d rules fo r licensing and Class A where co ntrol opera tors were n ot
ope rati on o f repeater stations in the Ama- required at rep eater st atio ns.
teur Radi o Service. In response to the to ne-access syst em
( Repea te r stations receive and au tomat i- proposals, the Commissio n pointed ou t th at
cally ret ran smit the radio signals of other a basic prin cip al of rad io co ntrol was t hat
ama teur rad io statio ns and are u sed p ri- there be a reaso nable probability th e re mote
marily to exte nd th e rad ioco m mu nic at ion statio n would not be activa te d by unauth or-
range of vehicular and hand-held mobile ized persons, and the control o pera tor could
stations.) indeed effect su perviso ry co n trol of the
sta tio n from the re mo te co ntro l p oint jus t as
The majority of pe titioners o bjected to well as if the control poin t was lo cated at
the rules req uiring a control operator to be the statio n.
in atte ndance at a contro l point while a Stati ng that t he ingenuity of ama te urs
rep eat er stat ion was in opera tio n and to the could eventually " develo p th e techniq ues,
placement of re sp onsibility for proper o pera- te chnical and operational, " that would per-
tion of the statio n o n the con tro l o pe rato r. mit the adoptio n of rules fo r automatically
Seven petitioners requested that the burden con tro lled re oeate r statio ns and tha t it was
for proper use of repeater sta tions be o nly conceivable th at auto ma tic and reliable
on the user statio n o pera to r t ransmitt ing on means co uld be develo ped to perform "all of
the input frequency of the repeater st ation the supervisory func tions o f repeater station
and that the rules "limit the responsibility of control operator under certain specific con-
a repeater station control operator to pro- ditions," the Commission said provisions for
perly maintaining the te chnical operation of automati c contro l v-ere not warranted at this
the sta tio n ." time.
Action by the Com mission December 20,
Several petitioners proposed a tone-access 1972, by Memorandum O pin ion and Ord er.
system in which the users would activate the Com missioners Burch (Chairman ), Robert E.
rep eater st at io n by transmitting a certain Lee, H. Rex Lee , Reid , Wiley and Hooks
combination of tones o n the repeater station with Co mmissio ner Johnson co ncurring in
input co m municatio n frequency channel. the result.
24 73 MAGAZINE
3850 SOUTH FREEWAY, FT. WORTH TX 76110 - 8179265221
Now Open in Dallas : 2860 Walnut Hill l ane - 214-358-4641
OSMr'AItI,
FIRST WITH
UP TO 200 WATTS
Swan was the first to provide a low cost single sideband transceiver the average
ham could afford. Again, Swan leads lhe field wilh "state-of-the-art" concepts!
- No Transmitter Tuning _ Selectable Sideband, 80-10
- Infinite VSWR Protection Meters
_ Receiver uses FET's, IC's, - Bu ilt-in VOX
and Operational Amplifiers - Semi-CW Break-in and
_ IF Derived AGC Monitor
_ Minimized Front-end - Noise Blanker. with
Overload. Distortion and Threshold Control
Cross-m odu lat i on - 25 KC Calibrator
- 10 MHz WWV Receive
Mobile is " First Class! " Operates directly fro m 12 volt DC requiring less t han
500 rna on receive. Ideal for net ope ration . No tu ne-u p necessary, simply dial
the stati on and tal k!
Compat ible AC power supp lies and a host o f other accessories available to
p rovid e " To p-Of-The-Li ne " fi xed stat ion operat ion. Operat ing ease and flexi-
bility makes it a win ner for contests or rag-chewing!
CHOICE OF 3 MODELS: Detail speeifieaticns may be found in
SWAN SS-15, 15 watt P.E.P.. . . ... $579.00 th. New 1973 SWAN r...alog. Writ.
SWAN SS-100, 100 watt P.E. P. . $699.00 tor your FREE copy. today!
SWAN 55200, 200 watt P.E.P .. . ... $779.00 Just tOIf. down is a/l th.t is ne,d,d if
ACCESSORIES INCLUDE: you use your Sw.n Cr.dit $.rvic.
SWAN PS-10, 115V AC po wer supply l or 5 5 -1 5 / 5 5 -1 00 $ 89.00 .ccount to put .n ./1 solid-st.t, rig in
SWAN P5-20, 115V AC power supply fo r your h.m sh.ck.
88-200 /88 -100 /88 15 $139 .00
SWAN S5-1200. 12oo walt P.E.P. Unear ~ ~"'-ltl
Amplif ier (tube type) $299.00 ~ ....
SWA N 55-208, Exte rna l VFQ 1159.00 Ei ec TAO N I C S
SWAN 11 OX. Crysfal Controlled (hclil ator 1 53.95 - . .. c_ ' --
SWAN 55- lIB. Super sesecuve Fitter S 79.95 305 Airport Ro.et OC.an.leSe. CA 92054
!
'~ <Q><Q-" Q ..q"<7"<7.. q..q"Q"Q~..-o-.-o-..-o-..-o-..q..q..q.~
WALLER ELECTRONICS
TEST EOUIPMENT SALES t
P.O. Box 9913, Chevy Chase, Md . 20015
Telephone 301-652-0996
T he "TESCO-PAD" has no
tu ned c o i ls to go off tr eq uen cv ,
n o tun ing necessar y o r e ven there!
It 's al l i n one " B lac k B ox I.C ."
,,
I
ready to g o . Th e " T ESCQ-P A O"
has a 1 sec ond h old -u p for you r
tran smitter , comp let e P .T .T .
o p e r a t io n, a vailable w ith dual
audio o u t p u t levels, 12 o r 1 6 l one
combina tio ns.
Po rta ble Tune Up Meter with cab les to plug in to Moto rola. Lin k, GE , Standard, etc.
T his unit gives you the meter fu nctio ns of th e radio being t ested. It a lso ope ra tes as
a po rtable de volt meter with the fo llowing fu ll scale ranges: 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150 ,
500, 1 KV wit h a specia l 3 vo lt ran ge fo r G E Pro gress Li ne eq uipment. Th e UTl
can be set zero cen ter fo r d iscr imi na to r rea di ngs. Also featured in th e UT 1 is a field
st rength meter . Place your order now. Kit form S42.50. Wired S49.95. Extra ca bles
of your choice (specify rigl S4.00 ea.
A TTL LOGIC CW
10 GENERATOR
A n ID generator is an important part of
any 2-meter re pea ter, and sever al de-
signs have appe ared in various ama teur maga-
zines. There are various ways of d oing the
job. from code wheels and con t inuous tape
loops to digital integrated circuits. We de-
cided recen tly to design our own version ,
based o n a digital I e iden tifier written up by
W7PUG in 73 in September 19 70.
This design imp roves o n the o rigin al
W7PUG de sign in several ways. It uses
readily available TTL integrated circuits,
instead of the older RTL circuitry. It is built The ID gene ra tor des cribed in this
on a single-sided prin ted circ uit board rather article is part o] a solid state repealer
than the d ouble-sided o ne required for the control system, th e second half oj
old er design. But mo st imp ortant, it uses a which will be presented next month.
simple 32-position diode m atrix for storing
the call. and d o es not require the knowledge
of Kamaugh maps o r any o ther fancy
techniques to decide where to put the
diodes. And it is c o mpletely co mpatible with
sea
" 0 SN74 7 3 -s v
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100l'F 4 .7K ." " 'f>-
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(I NVERTED)
S
STA"tT "'.
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, c" 0" Gt G2" C 0 GI G2 " "
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,
SN 74 154 DECOOER " ,.. "
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" ~ 17
TYPICAL
DIODE
HOOKUP
I l .'<K
ocr 1 2 3 4561191OUI213 141!)16 11 18 19 202 22232 , ,
25262 28 2 930 31 3 2
TYPIC A L
CAL L:
DE K20A W
Fig. 1. CW i den tifier .
FEBRUARY 1973 27
r-
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73 MAGAZINE
28
o ur a ll-so lid-sta te re pea ter control, which The o utput of the divide-by-32 co un te r is
will appear in an up co ming article . sen t to two special purpose MSI jC's. IC5
Figu re I shows the complete logic dia- and IC6 . These are called four-line-to-six-
gra m of ou r unit. Two gates in Ie I, in the teen-line decoders. Each of these two f C's
upper left comer, oscillate and provide th e gets the four outputs from Ie 3. an d o ne
clock fo r the sys tem . IC2 is the character output from IC4 . The two f C's together
generato r which control s the length of dots provide a total of 32 ou tput line s whi ch are
and dash es. A dot is exactly o ne clock used to scan the diode ma trix. In normal
in te rva l, while a dash (or a blank) is exactly operation, 3 I of th ese lines are high ( near +5
three clo ck intervals. After each dot , dash , volts) and o nly o ne is near gro und. When the
o r blank, a pulse is sen t to IC3 whi ch, alo ng ID starts to genera te th e ide ntificat io n, the
with a flip-flop in IC4, fo r ms a divide-by-3 2 gro und moves fro m pin to pin , sta rt ing with
counter. The second flip-flop in IC4 is the pin I o f IC5 and moving down the line ,
sta r t-stop flip-flop. finally wind ing up at pin 17 of IC6 .
Th e upper third
of the circuit
b o ard at th e
ri gh t co n tains
th e I .D. genera-
tor tha t is de-
scri be d in this ar-
ticle. The lower
portion is the
power supply
an d the repeater
control circui try
that will be de-
scri be d ne xt
month.
F EBRUA RY 1973 29
,
0000
o c
c
ft
Fig. 3. I dentif i er board layout (80% ac tual size).
T o pro gram th e d iode matrix for a call, keying appears o n the K line" and is inver-
we separa te the ca ll in to 32 do ts, dashes, and ted - tha t is, this line is normally at +5 volts
lett er-spaces (called blanks). With simple or so an d switc hes down to ground when
calls having K or W prefixes we generally generating a d o t or d ash. T he H ou tput
have enough room to include a DE in fro nt ( hold) is norma lly grounded, and switches to
of the call; with a WA or WB call you will +S volts du ring the generat io n of the ID.
have to skip the DE. T hen we nu mbe r the Excep t for the K outp ut. the ot her control
dots, d ash es, and blanks wit h numbers from sign als o pera te th e same as th ose in the
I to 32, whic h assigns them to a specific W7PUG ID mentioned earlier. If yo u need
positio n on th e matrix. For every dot we co mplete co mpati bility , it is easy to add a
place a diode from t he co rrespo nding lC transistor in verter to the K line to invert it
outpu t to the do t line; for every blan k we back.
co nnect the diode to the blank line ; and for The en tire ID generator fits on a single-
a dash we put in no diode. As show n in Fig. side d PC board about 3 x 7 in. The boa rd
I , the ca thode side of the diode goes towa rd layou t is shown in Fig. 3, and the parts
the decoder f C. You should use only germa- placeme n t is shown in Fig. 2. Speed of the
nium diodes here because we need a low ID is controlled by the 100 IlF capacitor; the
voltage d ro p when th e diode is on. Figure I value sho wn generates code at ab out 5 wpm.
shows the ty pical diode placeme nt for gene r- To speed u p the ID make the capacitor
ating DE K20A W. Incidentally, if th e call smaller. The five 0 .01 p F capacitors are disk
req uires fewer th an 32 positions, you will ceramics which byp ass the +5V line to
have to add blanks to stre tch it ou t to 32 ground . Etc hed boards and parts kits are
counts. It's better to add th em at the availab le fro m Circuit S pecialists, P.O. Box
beginning than th e e nd, si nce. th is gives the 304 7, Sco ttsdale, A rizona 85257.
tra nsmitter time to come up before the code In an upcomi ng art icle (soon!) we will
starts. prese nt a co mp lete solid-state repeat er con-
To use the ID you will need to make five trol , with ID time r, t ime-out time r. tone
external connections. The ID needs +5 volts burst or PL latch, CO R, and all the other
regulated wit hi n 5%, at several hun dred necessities to make a co mp le te package . T he
milliamperes an d a good grou nd to the rest contro l fits o n a 7 x 7 in. PC board.
of yo ur repeater co ntro l. To start th e ID Altern ati vely , the control and ID ca n be
co n nec t +5 volts (a digit al I signal) to th e buil t t ogeth er as a comp let e package o n one
sta rt lin e (labe led S o n the boa rd). O utp ut 7 x 10 in. board. . .. K20AW
30 73 MAGAZ IN E
A. Prose Walker , Chief
Am.lleur and Citizens Division
Federal Communications Commission
FEBRUA RY 1973 31
,
203, to oscillate o n ro ughly 200 or 8 0 1) broadcasting had expanded into Foll o win g the wa r, the Big Five
me ters, or if you were lucky, on 40 t he short 'Naves, as had also c o m- powers me t in Moscow t o discuss
meters; building your own chemical mercial in te rests and government preparation fo r t he next intern ational
rec tifier and filter , and gazi ng in awe statio ns which had "seen the light" telecommunication confe rence which
at the Roller Smith ho t wire ammeter uncovered b y rad io amateu rs In had been recogn ized as absolutely
(Model No, HWA-t041 l, which was th eir experiences; essential to avoid utter ch aos in peace'
absolutely necessary to measure your 21 b y 19 34 there was a kind of fu l applications of wa r-time develop-
" rad iat io n." rad ar in existence , and ments. Only t he United States was
31 in 1936 the BBC in London was relatively unscathed by the war; and
broadcasting a "high definition" charac te ristically, 'Ne desired to use
Ih 19J2, " hm ad television service using 180 lines, this advantage for t he benefi t of
('a~l i n~ had ("\.llandl'(l in- which had been received on th is others. This led to the World Adminis-
lu lIu' ~lI ot l ", a\t~ , a .~ had side of the Atlantic. trative Radio Conference, the Pleni-
al...... j'o nlll)l' rl'ial i n h' tl' ~b Duri ng these early days after broad- potentiary Conference , and the first
and tOl("tn u)I'nt ~ Ia l i o ll" casting became established, the por- of a series of High Freq uency Broad-
which h ad ' _"I""U l ilt' li:::hf tion of the spectrum which gave most cast Conferences in 1947 at Atlantic
lInt'ol t>tf,d In radi o atua - difficulty to allocation people was City. Six hundred delegates from 76
teu rs III their ("'''Iwn from 150--1500 k Hz. Little did they c ou n tries attended to the post-war
f' nt'f'~. " p ro blems of the spectrum, not en-
know what was to be the future of
medium frequencies, later known as tirely aware of the t remendous added
Herbert Hoover was chairman of the standard broadcast band. As sta- burdens to come into the scene with
that 1927 conference, and a most t io ns became more numerous, ways post-wa r developments and applica-
revo lu t io nary procedure was adopted were sought to enable them to operate tions in the reg ions of VH F, UH F and
to use the English language as 'Nell as without causing undue mutual inter- SHF. Te levis ion was still an experi-
Fre nch, the traditional language of ference. One of the applicable tech- me nt on VHF , but wartime rada r
diplomacy. However. all delegates niques developed was the d irectional techniques b roug-u it in to clear focus
we re cautioned to " use the p rivilege ante n na, using ve rtical radiating shortly after the end of hostilities.
with d iscre tion !" This was the begin- eleme nts with spacing, phrasing and Fortu nately for the Uni ted Sta tes , our
ning of the establishment o f the of- cu rre n t ra t ios adjusted to produce the gove rnmen t had recognized t he im-
ficia l languages o f the ITU which now desire d radiation fields in the wa nted pending spectru m utilization. and as
are English, French, and Spanish, with d irections. T he beginning o f an e ra o f early as 19 44-45 befo re the wa r had
Russian and Chinese a lso incl uded as consul t ing en gineering was in t roduced ended, called General Allo cation.hear-
worki ng languages. In cases o f d isp ute, by the installation in 1940 o f such a n ings o n uses of t he spectru m. This set
the French te xt is still considered the a nten na at WF LA in Tampa , Flo ri da the stage fo r the United States posl-
off icial version. The work o f the 19 27 by t he late FCC Commissioner T. A. tion at the Atlant ic City WA RC.
confe rence was so ex ha usting (it had M, Craven and Raymo nd Wi lmotte.
nearl y 2000 proposals before it ] that Since that ti me , t he allocation, o r
it took what has pro ven to be a most assign ment, o f stations in the standard "Uurin!!: \\'W-II more
important step in esta blishing a Con- b roadcast band has been on an en- I ('t' h nical developments
sultative Com mittee which has with- gineering basis, wit h comp licated Wl'ft' made than in lilt'
stood th e test of time and is no w directional a rrays now in use b y cutin- previous history of
known as the C.G.I.R . (fro m the ro ughl y 2500 AM br o ad casting sta- II' I e -ommun ica t io II ...
French ve rsio n o f the title I. tions in th is cou n try .
The usabl e frequen cy spectru m as Almo st as soon as we realized that
then u nderstood ex te nd ed from 10 freq uency congestion wou ld beco me a The signifi cant problem o f the
kH z t o 6 0, 000 k Hz and t he re al fut u re problem, we fou nd t he world post-wa r years, which sti ll has not
di fficul t ies o f spectrum manageme nt e ngaged in another World War. In a ll been solved, rela tes to international
had begu n. After a table of frequ en cy coun t ries involved in the scene of the sta nd ards for televis io n. At At lant ic
a llocatio n was drawn u p, strugg le, terrible d estruc t ion of te le- City in 1947, d e legates we re u n-
ho w should the righ ts of con- commu nicat ion fac ili t ies to ok place, worried about th e alloca tion o f the
flicting parties be settled? . . . Suffice to say that in France alone : spectru m from about 30 MHz to 10.5
... if a station changed frequency 54,000 miles of overhead wires GHz. They concluded that it could be
o r a new sta tion started up which were down; allocated to radar, t elevision, FM
caused interference, which station 60 re la y stations we re destroyed; broadcasti ng and a few other " rela-
had p riority? 30 cities had their underground tively minor services. " What ca n ha p-
After lengthy discussions it was con- cables cut; pe n even wi th considerable inter-
cluded that there was no possible way 11 0 telegraph off ices lay in rums: national lia iso n in ou r present world
in p rac tice to make adherence to the 50 subma rine cables had been of telecommunication is typified by
tab le of allocations obligatory . That severed ; present television standards in use
principle is still true today as evi- and of the original 42 French throug--.out the world. In the United
denced by the numerous reservations national broadcasting transmitters, Kingdom they use 405 lines on VH F
ta ken by ma ny countries in the pre-- only fou r were usable at the end of but on UHF they use the CCIR
sent In tern a t ional Radio Regulations, the war. standard of 625 lines. In the Uni ted
and the many t ransmissions which do Wars are waste, however much they States 'Ne established our system using
not coincide with the Table of Alloca- accelerate technological proqress. 525 lines, and the F rench use 819
tions. During WIN-II more technical develop- lines. This perhaps wasn 't so bad
The period from 1932 up to the ments were made than in the entire although an noyi ng, until along came
beginning of WIN-II , encompassed two pre vious histor y of tele- c o lo r television. No other subject ever
international conferences at Madrid commu nication ... which laid the elicited such acrimonious debate
and Cairo where additional scientific base for everything tha t has occurred among I.T ,U. delegates as the subject
develo pme n ts we re taken into ac- in spectrum management since that of color television standards at meet-
count. time . ings in Vienna in 1965 an d Oslo in
32 73 MAGAZ IN E
1966. We had the NTSC simultaneous the Interd ep art ment Radio Advisory voice ci rcu its wi th a ma xi mum degree
color system; the F re nc h had their Commi ttee ( I RAC) . which has existed o f redu nda ncy to ach ieve t he highest
SECAM systems; Germany introduced since 192 2 by vario us names. The standards of reliabili ty and useful life-
the PAL system and Austria came up broad main c ha rte r of this group is to time . Although evolu tion of c able
with what was called QUAM . take care of the frequency reoutre- caocttv is not so d ramatic as that of
Some witty delegate coined some ments of each agency of the govern- sa tellites, it has increased from 36
humorous descriptions fo r these svs- ment. T he FCC is a liaison member, vo ice c ha n ne ls in the first cab le
terns which you might enjoy : because its resp o nsibility is to the au t horized, t o c u rre n t and planned
NTSC - Never Twice t he Same civilian uses o f rad io . an d there fore cepcities of th ree thousand such c han-
Co lor close coo rd ination is requ ired . nel s o r even high er. per ca b le. We now
SEC AM - System Elegante Centre The I RAC has a mem bersh ip o f 16 have c ab le con nect io ns from the
L'Al le magne departme nts o r agenc ies, and three Uni ted St ates to Europe via TAT1
PAL - Pay for Add itional Luxu ry p ermanent su bcomm ittees; Frequ en cy through 5, to Bermuda, Puerto Rico,
Q UAM - Quick Austrian Modi fica- Ass ign me n t, Spect ru m Pla nn ing and V irgin Islands, Jamaica, Panama,
t ion Tech nical. T he I RAC an d it s subcom- Cuba, Hawa ii, Jap an, Hong Kong,
So we not only have fou r d ifferent mittees are c haired b y o ffic ials o f the Phillipp ines and sou theast Asia o n to
line standa rds but also differen t sys- Office of Te leco m mun ications Po licy, Australia .
tems fo r encoding and t ransmitting whose Director is Dr. Clay T.
color pictures. Fortunately the four Whitehead. T he magnitude of t he
mentioned (actually there were more) government's use of t h e spectrum "Frequencies ailoeated
10 Amaleurto have bt'n1
have been pared down to three. Eve ry almost staggers one's imagination. T he
waduall~- whittled a"a~
t ime you see a satellite p icture coming dollar investmen t is over S50 billion;
from the Euro pean area, remember it over the ~ears. rather
millions of t ransnl t ters a re operating
than inrrea.-;t'd ., . the)--
had to start out with a d ifferent line d aily; governmen t freq uency assiqn-
",ill des perately ueed ad.
scan ning stan dard as well as a differ- me n ts a mo unt to a bo u t 120,000 and
en t color encod ing system, and go the n umber o f governmenta l m issions
ditional ~pet.'1rt1ll1 ... patt'
ill l ilt' 3-30 1\1 11;,. area."
through a st anda rds converte r in ord er de p end ing on radio is incalculable . No
fo r it to be seen o n y ou r colo r wond er such a group is required to
te levision se t. I o fte n marvel at the exerc ise t he President's responsibi lity Every se rvice c o ncern ed with long
preservation of qu ality considering in this a rea o f spectru m management. d istance a nd international co m mu n i-
everything that has to b e done. We Although there are thousand s of c ation h as felt the impact of these
have learned that spectrum manage- worthy post-wa r deve lo p ments, I ac hievements. Work in the CCI R, re-
me nt becomes dependent on tech nic al would choose t he sa tellite as the o ne cen t ITU con fe re nces, and pro-
standa rds . As you look at the various which will remain t he oustandi ng ceed ings before t he FCC emph asize
T V systems in use throughout the example o f technology covering a that commu nications hand led b y the
world we fin d great variations in such wide variety of fiel ds. Satellite com- F ixed, Aeron au tical and Maritime Ser-
important parameters as channel mu nicat ion became a reality on July vices are e ither in process of transition
width. spaci ng b etwee n sound and 10 , 1962, a short ten years ago. no w o r are being planned for sa te llites
video carriers. width and attenuation TELSTA R I was d esign ed an d bu ilt b y in th e near future . What happens to
o f the vesti gial sideband. ty pe and Bell Lab o ratories a nd lau nch ed by the HF sp ectru m which is currently .
po larity o f mo dula tion. ad infinitum. NASA in ju st 18 months. Its im p act is allocated to these serv ices? Well, ob-
I menti o n t hese asp ects o n ly as ex - still being felt throughout the world . v io usly it will not mean a c o mp le te
a mp les o f fac to rs ta ken in to acc o unt Co n gress c reated the Commun ications reduction of their HF spectrum alloca-
in conside ri ng h o w to u se the spec- Satellite Corpo rat io n t h ree mo n ths tion. because there wi ll be a number
tru rn O ther examp les cou ld p racti- after TELSTAR , a nd the in te rna t ional of countries thro ughout the wo rld
cally fill a book, and still re late to co nsortiu m known as INTEL$ AT n o w wi t ho ut cable terminals and sa tellite
only technical aspects. n u m bers 82 n at ions as members. eart h stati ons. Such a major evolu-
The evolution of intern ational com- t ionary d eve lo p ment in com mu n i-
mu nications has p roceeded ra p id ly c ations makes it o bviou s that we mu st
"H\' 1980 it has bee-n through increased utilization of both reexamine the u tiliz ation o f the high
preda-ted that the Ama - cables and satellites. The INT E LSAT freq ue ncy spect rum. The last over-a ll
teur population of tilt' system, now in fou rth generation a lloca t ion fr om 3 -30 MHz wa s in
world will 1M" between six satellites, has increased its tech" 1959 before we had a satellite sy stem
and ei~hl hundn-d thous- n olo gical c apaci ty from 24 0 voice and p rio r t o cu rre nt cable expansion.
and ," ci rcu its for INTELSAT I t o 9000 su ch Undoubtedly, new services and several
circuits in INTEL$AT IV in th e spot" old ones wi ll c lamo r for more spec-
Probably 1 shou ld have sta ted ini- beam mode , or 12 TV channel s, or trum space .
tially t hat any a ttempt to compte- vari o us co mb inat ions depending o n The High Fr equency Broadcast Ser-
hensive ly cover t his su bject wou ld mo des, emi ssions an d radiation con- vice now ass igns stat io ns eve ry 5 kHz,
req uire much longer than you wou ld figurations . In 1965 we had o nly two u tiliz ing geograph ic sha rin g, time shar-
like to listen. At this point we have poi nt coverage over the Atlantic b asin ing, h igh ly d irectional antennas, and
progressed beyond WWII and the in the n o rth ern h emisphere , whereas restriction o f ma ximum mod ulatin g
technological revo lu t io n has just be- today several sa tellites p rovide p racti- freq uencies t o 6 4 00 Hz . They will
gun. You realize, I know. that any cally to ta l coverage in the Atlan tic, wan t more bands; something like ten,
agency of the government which uses Pacif ic and Indian Ocean basins with probab ly 500 k Hz wi de. By 1980 it
frequencies (a nd most of them do) has more than 80 antennas at 6 4 earth . has been p redicted that the Ama te u r
a group of spectrum ma nager5 over- stations in 4 9 countries. Techn o lo gic al pop ulat ion of th e world will be be-
seeing t he ir requirements. No agency investigat io ns now unde r way ind icate twee n six a nd e ight hundred
ca n act alone in th is fie ld because of t hat whe never tra ffic vol u me ju stifi es t ho usand. Freq uenc ies all o cated to
the in teraction among the va rious u ses it, a new gene ration of satellites can Amateur s ha v e been grad ually
o f t he spec tru m. So t here is a gro u p of be provided d uring the late 1970's whittled away over the years, rather
qovem rrent spectrum ma n agers ca lled capab le of p rov id ing 20, 0 0 0 to 30,0 0 0 than in cre ased , as with most other
FEBRUARY 1973 33
,
services; and if the p red ic tio n of their When all is said and done, and we
nu mbers should c ome even close to have every transmitter on the right
being true, they will desperate ly need frequency operating in the best inter-
additional spectrum space in the 3 -30 " I't>rh<l p" r-ertuin 0 1" ests of its users, we have a lot of
MHz a re a. Large areas o f the spec tru m tht>:<t> 1111....... 11 r;lIlialiulI" ele ctr omagnetic energy waft ing
must not be pre-empted by stat io ns '-ill be di"l.o w rt>d Iu lit-' a ro u nd throughout the area here on
moving into unoccupied regions of the th e ra talv "I , hidl will eart h where people live. Yo u can' t see
spectrum in a haphazard ma n ner. t>uahl t> Iwupl,' 10 ,011.. it, but do you wonder if there a re any
(Some o f this is c u rre n tly taking m u nic a te rt>liah h In effects on humans from all this etec-
place ). That will only ma ke the future thought tra'I."llli s."ioll : tromagnetic energy to which we are
ad ministration of the sp ect rum more all subjected? Is there any relationship
difficult. In my opin ion , a study of tempt to bring modem technology between the known forms of rad iation
the re-allocation of the HF spectrum i nto the Land-Mobile frequency and those "waves" about which we
will be inevit able. Services which have ma nagement process. know so little? T here are some
major blocks of HF spec tru m auoce- No doubt many o f you know about measurable side -effec ts of electro-
ted to them and which are going to the spectrum managemen t p roject magnetic radiations:
cables a nd sate llites wit h their traffic, which th e Commission is now imp le- At 70 0 Hz we can produce etectrt -
will rece ive close scrutin y by the me nting in Chicago. Th is pro brarn wi ll ca l anest hesia;
world's spectrum managers. requ ire building and mainrenace of a Certain componen ts of living cells
What d oes this mean to spec trum co mp lete admlnistratlqe and technical in peop le are reson ant in t he au ral
management? Well, in 19 7 1 it me ant a data bas e conta ini ng th e rec ords o f a ll a nd television bro ad casti ng bands;
World Ad ministrative Radio Con- . t he licenses within a particu lar area. We know that an ts will align their
terence speci fca lly dealing with Space ' T ha t da ta will be used as the FCC' s an te nnae pa ra llel to an electromaq-
Telecommu nication. Allocators now automated record o f the licenses, and netic fie ld at 9 MHz;
must thin k in new te rms which ten will provide the engineering environ- Rad iation at 21 MHz increases the
years ago would have been fo reign to me nt to enable making more optimum germination of glad iol us b ulbs by
their vocabulary except in specialized frequency assignments. T he data 200%;
areas of communication. They now bank will co ntain not only dat a from Em issions at 27 MHz affect gro w-
must deal with the Application Form 4 25 , bu t also ing cells of garlic plants;
progagation effects on earth-space inputs from monitoring observations. You ca n kill bugs in bread with
transmissions instead of just the There are differences of opinion as to emissio ns at 29 MHz;
usual phenomena of F21ayer trans- whether sufficient benefits can be Short exposure to energy in the
mission, ducnng. sporadic E, etc.: derived from such an endeavor to 300-3000 MHz region expedites
the atmosphere "window" through make the result positive in terms of regro wth of severed nerve cells, and
which signals pass without undue cost-effectiveness. It requires consider- Radiations at 388 MHz are lethal
absorption ; able money to conduct such an opera- to monkeys.
Signal levels in terms of dBW/m 2 tion. No one can predict yet wit h If one had the ac umen to evaluate
of power flux density instead of much reliabi lity just how much mo re t he presen t with t he hi ndsight of the
signal strength in IJ,v /m ; spectru m utilization ca n be o btained 802nd or 80 3rd person, I'm ce rtain
angle of elevat ion; b y these meth ods, no r at what cost we wo uld conclude t hat t he science of
refraction phenomena; per ap~ l ica ti?n o r chan nel as.si~ n me ~t. commu nicat ion is st ill in its infancy,
scin t ill at io n and scatter; Onl y time Will tell. For ad mlnlst rat.lvel desp ite t he wond ro us thin gs th at have
Dapper and Farad ay effects; p urposes, plans and b~dgets are b~ln g come about. Pe rh aps certain o f t hese
sta t ion keeping o f t he satellite; prepared fo r extend ing the pro ject u nsee n rad iations will be discovered to
interferen ce from the su n, and int o th e o ther a~eas ? f the coun try . be the catalyst which will e na ble
echoes, noise temperature of the Regard less of .wh l.c h Side of t~ e fen~e people to commu nicate relia bly by
receiving system, and a host of o ne may - be Inchn.ed respec ting this thought transmission. We k now that
o thers too n u mero us to list. project, it is a n attempt to u t ilize some people have such limited PO'M!rs
All p roblems o f spectrum utifiz a- modern techn iques invo lving magneti- now, although we don't understand
t ion are certainly not solved because cally stored data and a computer to yet the details of how it is done.
we have a satellite sy stem, The tre- improve the use which can be ob- There is much research in progress on
mendous requirements for mobile tained from o ne area of the rad io the subject throughout the world.
communications by the countless spectrum. It is a step in the right After thousands o f years of de-
users in the various Land Mobile Ser- direction toward making a more ettec- velopment in mechanical technology,
vices have led to extreme pressures on tive value jud gmen t of spectrum we are now engaged in ex te nd ing our
desirable regions of the VH F and UHF m~na.gement. Its evaluation is awaited thought transference by etectrorreq-
spectrum Although frequency sharing With Interest. netic means throu~out our qlobe. We
has existed fo r years, our pa rochial T here are always competing claims are even probing outer space, fo r some
system of frequency allocation has on the spectrum. T here a re five sign of life and intell igence there with
been by t~e block method. Within usually applied criteria in determi ning which to communicate. If we do this,
each allocated block, station assign- priority of use : the final phase of t he extension of
me nts in particular servi ces are made. 1. Inabi lity to use wire lines o r ma nk ind may well be. as Marshall
But La nd -Mo bile needs more spec- o t he r substitutes fo r radio ; McLuhan p u ts it,
t ru m which has bee n the subject of 2. Contrib ution to ma inta ining " . . . simu lat ion of co nsc iousness,
nu mero us papers, hear ings, discus- safe ty o f life and p ro perty; when the crea t ive p rocess of know
sions, argu me nts a nd controversies 3. The nu m ber o f people who ing will be collect ively and cor-
over the past several years . Lan d- woul d benefi t ; porately extended to the whole o f
Mob ile sta tions are now sharing cer- 4. T he demands of th e public for human society, much as we have
tain of the UH F television channels the output of t he service. and already extended our senses and
u nder specified conditions. Still the 5. The technical suitability of the nerves by the various media .....
growth co n t inues and the squeeze on spect ru m requ rested for the re- When that time arr ives, God help
the spectrum has resulted in an a t quirements of the service. the spectrum managers!
34 73 MAGAZI NE
e or it"
A low-cost 12-channel, 220 MHz
FM mobile transceiver
~IDLAND 13509
10 watts RF output power
Covers 220-225 MHz-crystals supplied for 223.0 MHz
Amateur users everywhere asked for sensitiv ity and bandpass c harac teris-
it - M idland listened! And we've brought tics. King-size back-lighted S /RF meter
our years of experience as a top name in and channel selector. Variable squelch,
communi cation equipment to the ama- volume con trols . low power swi tch for
teur field with thi s new 220 MHz t rans- sho rt range I t -w att ou tput), ADl ci rc uit.
ceiver. Check the features ; instanta- Ind iv idual f req uency trimm ers for eac h
neous fi nal protecti on circu it p reven ts receive an d t ransmit crys ta l. Accessory
damage f ro m excess ive VSWR. Com - co nnec to r for to ne burst and di scrimi-
p lete mul tipl e FET front end co uple d nator meter. With m ountin g hardware
wi t h high Q resonato r fil ter, ceram ic and d ynamic m icro pho ne.
fi lters in IF gives excellent selectivi ty,
!
Clifford Klinert WB6BIH
520 Division Street
Nat i onal City CA 92050
II (
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r , r '\
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36 73 MAGAZINE
'OV
4 70K 4 1'()1(
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OCOOR
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th e bandwidth was set relatively wide to for best stabilit y. The 15,uF capacito r affe cts
allow for frequen cy instabilit y o n th e en- the bandwidth, which was set at abo ut 10%.
coder. Th is a llo ws th e simp lest po ssible Test s aga in sho w a frequency response fro m
encoder circ uit to be used. This is a good 105 - I 15 Hz. A smaller value capacitor
considera tio n in a large gro up of repeater would narrow the bandwidth . The 35 ,u F
users where some members may not ha ve the capaci to r and th e 100 K resist or circ uit
desire to buy or build an expe nsive , com pli- affec t band wid t h, sensitivit y , and help pre-
ca te d encoder. The encode r uses a simp le vent cha tte r. In forma tion o n this wa s ob-
phase shift oscillator circuit. ta ined fro m Signetics application notes, and
The Circuit fin al values were o bta ined ex peri me n tally.
Figure I shows th e sche ma tic of the The o utp ut of the decoder can sink up to
decoder. The signal mu st be taken directly 100 rnA , so it is used to driv e a relay
fro m the discriminator of th e receiver. The directl y. Nin e volt s is used to power th e
lo w pass fil ter re moves most of th e h igh er decoder and preceeding tran sist ors, but 12
frequenc y signa l com ponents th at may be at volts is used as a voltage so urce for the relay .
a higher level than th e tone signa l. The filt er The out p ut of the decoder o n pin 8 of the
prevents strong o ut of band signals from integrated circ uit can operat e to as h igh a
desensitizing the decoder. The emitter fol- voltage as 15 volts with out damage, but the
lower pro vides a high imped an ce inp ut to rest of th e IC mus t be held to less th an 10
minimize lo ading effec ts o n th e discrimina- volts.
tor. An amp li f ier is necessary to bring the The circ uit of th e e ncode r is sho wn in
signal up to the proper level for the de coder. Fig. 2. The circ uit sh o ws a phase shift
Although the decoder ha s more than fifty
transist ors in its integrated circ uit. o nly a
few ex ternal compo nen ts are nece ssary to ~.~I<
Hf
.1 ~F 2N~4 1!>
FEBRUAR Y 1973 37
oscilla to r followed by an emitter follo wer. error if prope r test equip me nt is no t avail-
The 20 K variable resisto r sets the desired able . In any case . the object ive is to set the
freq uency of oscillation. transmi tter to ne deviatio n as low as possi ble
Construction wit hout havi ng voice peaks false the decoder
Since suc h lo w frequen cies were involved, off, and to have the decoder as se nsit ive as
parts layout wa s not crit ical. T he decoder possible with out giving false o ut pu ts on
wa s built o n a piece of Vectorbourd and noise.
mo unt ed inside a small LMB chassis box. Aft er th e syste m is operati ng, it shou ld be
The in tegra ted circ ui t and app licatio n notes imp ossible to hear the tone in a receiver
were ob tained from Solid Sta te Systems, listen ing to the repea ter. If a buzzi ng sound
Inc . Capacitors sma ller th an 0 .1 pF can be is detected o n a signal, it is usually the result
disc ce ramic, but capacito rs in freq uency of dis tortion in th e t ransmitter aud io, caus-
det ermin ing circuits sho uld be of as high a ing audible harmonics. If the ton e is ap plied
quality as possib le . Mylar capac it ors were to the microph one ja ck of th e transmitter.
used in this case. The ca pacitors marked the tone will probably be audib le sinc e the
with polarity were elect roly tic. tone level mu st be increased in proportion to
If the e nco de r oscillator is pu t near a the voice signa ls. This is becau se the fre -
stro ng rf field it may no t oscillate. Th is can q uen cy response of most tran smitters is
be cured by bypassing the power leads with lim ited belo w 300 Hz. Also, if the to ne
a .0 I p F ca pacito r, or shielding the enti re signal received at th e decoder is very d is-
circ uit if necessary. torted . the level may have to be increa sed to
2N 34 1S's were used for the two tran sis- hold in th e relay .
tors in the decoder a nd fo r the emitte r At different time s th e relay may pull in
follo wer in th e encode r. A 2N29 24 was used almost instantl y o r may take as lo ng as a few
in th e oscilla tor circuit. tenths of a seco nd to activate. This de pends
upo n the phase relationsh ip betwee n the
Operation signal from the encoder and th e signal of t he
T he in put of the filte r circui t in the inte rna l oscillator in the decoder integrated
decoder unit is co nnected t o the dis- circuit. T his effec t is un predictable .
criminato r of the receiver. This circ uit has The decoder should make a goo d single
been used with RCA CMU 15 and Mot orola ton e decoder also. This might be done by
T44 re ceivers, and should work as well with eliminating th e low pass filt er fro m the
o ther simila r receivers th at have e no ugh in pu t, and cha nging R I and C ! to differen t
discrimina tor signal . values fo r the desired frequency. The tw o
The encode r in th e trans mitte r should be electro lyt ic capacitors should be changed
connec te d as directly as possible to the fro m I S and 3S p F to 2 and S pF respective-
phase modulato r. It is usually connec te d to Iy. It would be necessary to pro vide o utput
the devia tion control. latching for the circuit. and unl atching by
T o adj ust th e levels, the tone deviation of the CO R.
the tran smitter sho uld be set to sao Hz, and
the combined tone and voice deviat ion Conclusion
sho uld be set to a ma ximu m of S kHz. Triple T his project o nly too k a fe w da ys to
these nu mbers fo r a 4 S0 wideband system , make o peratio nal, and has been operati ng
rem em bering to keep th e co mbined deviation reliably fo r abou t fou r mont hs no w. The
be low ma ximu m limits, since the tone and integra ted circuit was th e most expe nsive
voice signals ad d o n peak s. item , and it o nly cost a few dollars. Inte-
With th e tran smitter deviation set prop- gra ted circ u it prices have been getti ng lower
erly , and a com b ined voice and tone signal every month . Co ns truc tio n of the enco de r is
co ming from the receiver, increase th e level a simp le ta sk , and wou ld ma ke an ideal club
contro l unti l the relay holds in without projec t. When co mpare d to the price of a
d ro pping ou t o n voice peaks. If the level is tone reed that may have to be replaced in a
advanced to o far, the decoder may give false few years. th e solid state system is a real
outpu ts from the filte red noise sent to it. bargain to protec t th e inpu t of your system.
Setting levels may take conside rab le trial and . ..WB 6BIH
38 73 MA GAZINE
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4653 N. Ravenswood Ave., Chicago. III. 60640 (312) 334-3200
,
Ralph W. Campbell W4KAE
405 Granite Circle
Lexington KY 40503
r r 1\
" "
, ~ \, ~ \
40 73 MAGAZ INE
twe en ele me nts No . 1.3 and No . 2.4 . Simi-
larity to the W ~WLR design can be seen
where the classical 9 0 d egree ph asing, from
eleme n t to eleme n t. is o bvio us. Dashed-line
ell ipses are represen tat ive o f the po wde red
iro n Carb o nyl S F co res,
Gai n o bta ined fro m th e TQA shou ld be
abo ut th e sa me as from W8JK 's two-sect io n
fla t-top, wh ich appears on page 15 I o f The
5 0 OH M COA X ARRL Antenna Buok , ninth edit io n, 196 0 .
3 /8 ~' 332 /FRE O (IIIHr ) The spacing between each bay o f endfire
Fig. 1. TQA con nec tio ns. The constant - 332 - eleme n ts is conve nien t ly eliminated in o ur
inclu des shortening fac tors an d quad -coil loa din g. version o f th e To ro id al Quadrature Ant enna,
No ti ng the con tin uity be t wee n co mp le-
mentary legs, it is o nly a sho rt ste p to place
ti mized by cu t-and-t ry coil wind and substi- eac h wire at physical right angles with the
tutio n, lo west swr readi ngs are the crite rio n o ther, for o verall corr ect phaso r relatio n-
of p roper o pe ra tio n, alo ng with p roper ships, Str ing th e wh o le array int o the same
con tin uity tests. ver tica l o r horizontal plan e and you've got
Derivat ion o f eleme nt formu las is qui te an improve d q uad ra tu re design. With two
simp le - if yo u don 't ove rloo k the ninety arrays. in o p posing planes, t he n you have
d egrees in the network ! Keep in mind also true diversity. not just semi-vertical polariza-
tha t since eac h co mp leme n tary two-wire tion! Here, a relay and switc hing networks
element fun ctio ns as o ne full wavelengt h, would be feasible .
you mu st double the usu al sho rte ning fa cto r. Alth ough I d o not have fa cilities to
There is also 2 o r 3 per ce n t co mpensat io n accu ra tely chec k act ua l gain read ings again st
presen t usin g 10% instead of 5%. We wo n't a di pole, it sho uld be adeq ua te to figu re, by
go in to that , ho we ver. rule of thu mb. that 6 dBD is ava ilable for
Figure I sho ws the quadrature net wo rks the " o ptimum " d esign ; o r 8 dBD for the
in use by W4 KAE. Briefly. to calcula te an lon ger mod el. May be you could ex pect 10
element length (eq ua l to two "legs") we take dBD by com bini ng bo th co llinear and broa d-
984 minus 246. which leaves a new co nstan t
of 738 . From this figu re. ten per ce nt is to
be taken off, o r abo u t 74 from 738 , which
leaves 664. 664 {F MHz . is fo r 3{4 physical
wavelengt h. Half of th is is 332FM Hz . for
eac h 3/8 wave length leg. This arith me tic is
for th e o pt imu m o r sma ll-space model. If
you wa n t two to fo ur de cibels (esti ma te d )
additio na l gain. use th e foll owing method :
T ak e twice 98 4. o r 1968. Ta ke twi ce 74
o r 148 off, for double the 10% sho rtening
factor . Nex t , take o ff twice 246 from the
n u mber 196 8, whi ch leaves 1476 . Fro m
1476 su btract the sho rte ning fa ctor (14 8 )
found above. This le aves th e fig u re 13 28 or
1328{F MHz wh ich is fo r two legs. Half o f
this beco mes 66 4 / F MHz which is exactly
double th e 3/8 wavelength prev iously . It is
Fig, 2. TQA rec eivin g coil s. With wire o f proper
also a go od check. I have no info rma tio n size and leg length of about 15 ft , recep tion f or
abo ut swr in th is d esign. S WL an d WWV m onitoring is sa tisfac to ry , F r e-
The TQA co n nec tio ns are mad e in Fig. q uency cover age from an oc tave below the n onnal-
I. Obse rve that th ere is d e co n tin ui t y be- ized f requency to an oc tave a bove, is fe asibl e.
FEBRUARY 1973 41
and beyo nd. Lower-octave re ce p t io n down Fig. 4. The comp leted 6 meter Toroidal Quadra-
to 5.5 MH z wa s quite good ! To th e nearest lure An renee . Individua l leg lengths r e abou t 6
amateur band : 15 met ers is recommended, 2 /3 It. Swr abcu l 2 to 1 with legs not equally
while reception o f WWV at 10 M Hz sho u ld angular sp aced. ( Wh en first rested in my basement
Jab : sw r wa s o n ly l.S to 1. Dro oping will im p rove
be "op timu rn."
r ead in gs.)
42 73 MAGAZ INE
o u t-pe rfo rm a "H alo , Squ alo. or eve n l::$ i ~
Wheel s,"' o n VHF .
Figu re 5 sh o ws th e TQA In pac kaged
fo rm read y 10 be se n t to th e ed ito rial
researc h d e pa rtm ent of 73 Magazin e! T he
to ro idal coi ls a rc heavily po tt ed in silico n
rubber , with a n overcoa ti ng laye r of Valsp ar
No . 8880 glass plast ic resin . (T his cl ear resin
is n o good wh e n in in tim a te co nt ac t with
co ils, toroid cores or any diel ectric u su.I In
the Valsp a r resin flat 1/ 8 in . cop pe r st ra p is
sec u re d, a fte r be ing sold ere d. Then t he
mold ed n et wo rk was taped to he lp sec u re
mech a nical stre n gth. Prio r to taping , t he
cop pe r stra p wa s silve r-solde re d to silver-
pla te No. 10 gro un d w ire .
FEBR U AR Y 19 73 43
,
Stirling M. O/berg W1SNN
19 Loretta Road
Walt ham M A 021S4
/
"
j '-
/ 'I
~
" )
o st experimenters are familiar with The active filt er is not restricted to audio
M the effects of cascaded ph ase shifters
applied t o th e feed back lo o p of an amplifier.
frequ encies. During the development of the
filt ers. th e cen ter frequencies were exte nd ed
A useful feature which en ds u p as a very over a range of 2 k llz to I MHz.
sha rp fil ter can be th e re sul t. A Table , Fig. 2, indica tes co mpone nt
values for th e in divid ual filter electronics;
In most applications it has been used in
Figs. 3 b an d c are presented to show the
audio wo rk as an accessory to a receiver for
response of plots for sin gle filte rs and a
CW work . I have bee n able to st udy fu rth er
cascaded pair stager tu ne d to produ ce a
the usefulness of this d evice at audio and sy m me trical pass ba nd wit h a very re-
radio freq ue ncies an d wou ld like to present
spectable sha pe factor al 80 k Hz.
t he results for what th ey may be worth to An ove ra ll ga in o f 40 dB can be ac h ieved
other amateurs. by se tt ing potentiometer Ra to a point we ll
below a level which will m ak e the filter
When th e in teres t in T elet y pe wa s at its rege nerative.
peak at WI SNN. co nst ruc tio n of a converter
Tw o potentiometers ganged a nd co n-
led to ma ny tries u ntil a satisfactory unit
nected as part of th e netwo rk marke d R b
evo lved .
and Rc can serve to adjust the cen ter
The u ni t wa s sim ilar to the many pub- freq ue ncy of t he fil te r if an adjust able filte r
lish ed designs with the excep t io n of the is requ ired . To accom plish good tra cking of
fil t er. T wo active filters were constructed these two potentiome ters , it wa s necessary
wh ich were incorporated in the converter fo r their valu es to be a very small percen tage
and the improved selectivity made co py o f the total resistance for Rb and Rc.
conside ra bly m ore legib le. A plot of these T herefore it goes withou t much fu rt her
filt ers is sho wn in Fig. 3a. Th e circuit of t he d iscussio n that wide freq ue ncy ex cu rsio ns
filter is shown in F ig. I. are not perm issib le for a fix ed filt er.
FEBRU AR Y 19 73 45
- 9V '9V OUTPUT
1
91.
'~ , 100
2N3415
V
2 .71<
"
I 00
6
5.111: ~A 141
I"'-
.,J,7 ZV 1
. 1)IF
INPUT TRIMPOT
25.
5 .1 K
1\
rl-. /,
82<>
1",7 : r= .I Jl F 210.
I
2 N3 4 15
":-, ;.. 2N~5
"c-,
:-
2 N3 4 15
f...
C,
'-K C,
rfe'
4 .7 1<
-
.1i F
",
500 -,
4 .7 t(
IK 2 .1 I( 2 .7 K
r: 7
The method just described is used in a rowan a small piece of vec tor board and
receiver where the filters are used in a build all componen ts around the poten-
second conversion (i-f) amp lifier. T he filt er tiometers th an to run wires to them.
is adjusted so that it passes either a lower or T he compo nen ts used are inexpensive
an upper side ban d by simply a turn of the plastic tran sist ors. All resistors and by passes
ganged pots. Selectivity can be sharpened by are non-critical. If a frequency above 85 k Hz
adjusting Ra for narrow or wide band is required a 702 operational amplifier
widths. In my application, a range of 200 Hz should be used in place of the 741.
to 4 kHz was required . T he overall gain of each filter is very high
Some care must be used in construction (40 d B}, therefore, very little signal is
of these filte rs at frequencies above 30 kHz. required and is controlled by the 25K trim
Regenera tion will occur if th e lead lengths pot at th e input o f the fil ter. The ou tput of
are too lon g for any of the three pote ntio- the filter is decoupled th rou gh an emitter
meters. It is better to group the pots in a follower. In our case a lOOn o utput impe-
46 73 MAGAZINE
d an ce was req u ired , b u t higher val ues ca n be
o had by sim ply c han ging th e value of the
e mitte r resist or.
Do not try to d rive a hig h leve l signal in to
3 this filter , 3 m V in p rodu ces O.3V o u t,
w h ic h is su ff ic ie n t t o drive a n y d e te ct o r.
d. 6
A maximum o f 12 volts shou ld never be
10 excee ded fo r the supply voltage ; 9 vo lts is
best fro m a batt ery since cu rrent drawn is
20
very lo w.
30
40 T o adj us t th e filter, first connec t a VTVM
5O L-=---::'::"-....,,:------;:;:~:_:___::,;:__:': rf prob e to the o u tp u t ; adjust the
20 2.2 2' 2.6 2 .e 3.0 3.2
po tentio meters R and Rc to the m idd le o f
FREQ. IN kHz
th ei r ran ges; se t Ra t o abou t o ne-th ird open.
Fig. 3a. Plot of discrimina tor filt er for Wl SN N
RA TT con ver ter.
If t he un it h as o u tp u t wit h no sign al
in . .. readjust Ra u ntil it just sto ps oscil-
lat ing. Now a pp ly a weak signa l fr om a sign al
sou rce t u ne d to th e desired cen te r fre-
quen cy . If n o in d ica tio n of a sign al is sho wn
o o n the meter, swee p the generato r slo wly
th rou gh the ran ge of freq uencies arou n d the
, desired freq uency. Do n ot incre ase the gen-
erato r level. A signal will b e ind icated by a
very p ro nou nced up swing and over a very
d. 6
n arrow range. By adjusti ng R b an d Rc
10
ganged pots yo u will b e ab le to ce nte r the
filt er o n you r d esired frequency.
20
If you find Ra will cause oscillat io n to
30
. 40 occ u r when it approaches its fu ll-o n value,
50
L,
.,: ---:r:----::.,---~--o::_-_c::
.. ..
FREQ. IN kHz
.. et. .. cha nge th e valu e of the ser ies resistor Rx to
a high er valu e , pro ba bly , n ot more than
4 70[2 more. T h is adj ust me nt allo ws co nt ro l
o n selec tivity o r th e filt er ban dwidt h b efore
F ig. 3b. Single phase shift filter.
osc illatio n occurs.
So far we h ave described o nly o ne filter.
If a wid er ba ndwi d th b ut a sharper roll o ff is
d esired , cascadi ng two of th ese fil ters in a
stagge r tuned con figu ra tio n will pro duce the
o effect.
Gre ate r redu ction in sign al level will be
required . Th e trim p ot at the in p u ts shou ld
a be barely o pen to reduce th e input sign al for
each filter. The use of pote ntiometers to
6 adj ust each fil ter get s very touchy a nd fixe d
d.
10 valu es are recommend ed .
Tun e up pro cedure will b e the same as for
20 o ne filte r but n ow ea ch Rb an d R c valu e will
30 req u ire t rim mi ng each re sistor by pa ralleling
40
wit h o ther fix ed value s.
50 ". ,:-_ _.".,-_
. _ ee
:::-_---:.:::-_
. ---:::--
In this ap p lica tion R a can be a trim pot
FREQ . I N kHz
se t to pro d uce th e select ivity resp onse re-
quired .
Fig. 3c. Cascaded pair p hase shift filter . . .. WI SNN
FEBRU AR Y 1973 47
2 METER
FM AMPLIFIER WITH BUILT-IN A.C .
POWER SUPPLY
1 W IN/12 W OUT
AUTO TR
QC-210
SUPPLIES 13.6 VDC FOR YOUR TRANSCEIVER .
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41 30 Sh orecrest Drive
Dallas TX 75209
F EBRUARY 1973 49
,
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F EBRUARY 1973 51
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SWR at resonance . . . t ypi call y 1.1: 1 two meter
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antenna will create
I Power Rat ing .. . 20 0 watts FM a new dimension
I Height, including mou nt . .. 78"
I Radiator .. . 17 7 PH stainless stee l in amateur
Field adjustab le for lowest SWR
mobile communications.
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Insta lla t ion on side or edge of trun k lip. 180 0 get the
swivel included for adjustme nt of anten na to
absol ute vertic al. Supp lied operational wit h
17' MIL spec RG-58-U and PL-259 transceiver
decisive advantage
connector factory attached . Antenna is remov-
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BROO K PAR K. OHIO 44142
jj~
", I ' , A7TEI\I DIVlDEIl CHAIN I\I OIl I,l
,I ' , I
, ~
@ -r - -'--"
I
~
lOVE"I...J
__-___
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OSCIL L ATOIll
_ _ _ _ f _SHI_ELD
_ ___
...JI
l( II(
l( I I( ' .
>-
Of f
SPUD
SELECTOR
SWI7CH
T H- 2
UH_ 4
? )-) US - 4
24 Hill RESET
~
~
RESE T
.... 828
~ 2 ~
ve8U
4-
1410
. ~ I +6
828 8
CLOCI(
1"90
.;.10
_.
3148 288 1490
;. 10
COUl\lTE R
\
7446 14 46 1446 7 4 46 7 4 48 7 44 8
U U ""'''
U OECOOERS
U "I E \/
a a
2 ::::::J a 5 q a 5 q
TE NS- HilS UNI TS - HIlS T ENS- I,lINS UNI T S_ MIN S TEN S SECS UNITS_ SE CS
REAOOUTS
and ten seconds later would have wo rked. in the line to each lamp. This ca n be any
The reset signal must be cleared within ten cheap NPN such as a 2N5129 . The con-
seconds because the reset for the te ns of nection for this is shown as an alternate on
hours 2b it is also holding do wn the tens of t he schem atic .
seco nds digit , which shares the same 8288 If the builder uses ten-line rear-projection
rc, readou ts, whic h are sometimes available as
Decoders and Read ou ts surplus, he will need 7442 decoders, If he
uses Nixie tubes, he will need 7441 de-
The decoders must be chosen to drive
coders.
whatever readout the builder chooses.
Seven-segme nt rea douts such as I chose are Power Supply
the mo st eco nomical incandescen t read outs, T he circuitry used draws a substa n tial
but the builder may have ot her kinds fro m amo unt of curre nt at 5 volts de, plus an even
surplus sources . Nixie tubes are also econom- larger amou nt for the readout lamps, which
ical, but require a high voltage power su pply. may also be 5 volts, plus power for the o ven
The 7446 decoders I chose matc h the heater. All of these loads are varying ; each
seve n-segmen t readouts with 24 vo lt incan- number sho wing o n t he display uses a
descent bulbs tha t I used . T hese decoders different num ber of lamp s, and th e vario us
will st and 30 vo lts and switch 40 rnA. I run cou nts that appea r fro m time to t ime in t he
the lamps with 12 volts; they are bright cou nte rs d ra w diffe rent currents. A good
enough to read easily and the life of the voltage regulator can eliminate any problems
bulbs is extended greatly . If the builde r used arising from this, and I wou ld not suggest
lower voltage bulbs, he may use the 7447 t hat anyone consider getting by wit hout
decoder, whic h has a 15 volt rat ing. Ho w- o ne . IC regulato rs are available fo r a few
eve r, if the lamp curre nt will excee d 40 rn A bucks with all the feat u res o ne wo uld want
per lamp , it wil l be necessary to use the (voltage regulat ion , current limitin g, short
7448 de coder (whic h pulls up instead of circuit protectio n, etc.) from several man-
down at the o utpu t) , and a buffer tra nsistor ufacturers. including Nati onal and Fairchild .
54 73 MAGAZ INE
The National LM J09K I used , for example . good : it work s very fast. whenever a gate
is in the sta ndard diamond power transistor switches. the resulting square voltage wave-
case , takes in 6 .5 to 35 volts or wave forms form ha s harmonics sp read out well into the
with ripp le bet ween th ose limits. puts out 5 VHF region. For this reason , all digita l
volts at up to 2 amp ., is sho rt-ci rc uit -proof, devices to be used near radio eq uip men t
and just bolts directly t o any grou nded heat shou ld be built in sh ielded enclosures, at th e
sink. All that costs aro und $4, and no o ne very least an all-me ta l cabi net , and all wires
ca n affort to design and build a regulato r leading in or out shou ld be shielded or
with that kind of thing available . filtered . Normal tech niques for TV I-proofi ng
The rest of the power supply is a a tra nsmitter will serve here .
tra nsformer-rectifier to supply 12 volts de T hree of the NO R gates in the LU380A
for the regu lator, a lam p supp ly, and a shu nt package are co nnected in cascade to for m
regulato r fo r th e sta ndby ba tt eries. My lamp the ampli fier po rtio n of the osc illa to r, as
supply is very simp le, being jus t an oth er set of may be seen in th e Ti me Base Sch em at ic ,
rect ifiers fro m the same po wer t ransfo rmer, Fig. 4 . T he inp ut to this amp lifier is pi n 10,
because I use d 12 V lamps. If other voltage and the ou tput is pin 2 . T he last gate is used
lamps are used, a separate transformer will as an output buffer, from pin 4 to 3 . There
probably be necessary, but separate rectifiers are two feedback paths, o ne for dc sta bil iza-
shou ld be used in any case, to prevent t he tion, and one for the rf signal. R4 and R3
heavy lamp cu rre n t fro m loading the fi lte r provide e nough negative feedback bias to
capacitor. T he lamp power does not need to stabilize the amp lifier in it s lin ear region. R3
be fil tered. is to be a djus ted to get a sy mme tric al sq uare
The sta ndby batteries are co nnec ted In wave from pin 3 . C8 bypasses th e rf to
parallel to float across the unregu lated 12 ground so that o nly dc is fed through this
volt line . This simple connection wou ld be path .
adequate to keep the batteries charged and The crystal YI and capacitors C3. C4 and
provide standby power for the 5 volt regula- C7 are co nnected to form a 180 phase sh ift
tor, excep t that the voltage ca n rise high a nd vo ltage step-down net wo rk , as used in a
eno ugh to ove rc harge t he batteries. T he Colpitts oscillator. C4 is a fine trimm er
simple shunt regulator I used lim its th e pea k across th e high-im pedan ce side of th e net-
unregulat ed voltage t o abou t 14 volts, whic h work to adjus t th e fre quency, an d is the
a 12 volt storage battery can stand almost Freq uen cy Adjust Control mentio ne d in Part
indefinite ly . I of this series The amplifie r o utpu t is
Batteries atte nuated by R2 and C6 , then lightly
The floati ng-battery scheme use d here is coupled to the high -impedance side of the
app ropriate for lead-acid type batteries. I use crystal network through C5 to kee p the
a motorcycle batt ery , whic h has the capacity crysta l vol tage as low as possib le. The ou tp ut
t o run th e clock fo r several h o urs. It h as t he fro m th e low imp ed an ce side of th e crystal
net wo rk is co nnec te d back to th e am pli f ier
drawback o f having the aci d fu me a nd
in pu t to comp lete th e lo o p. T he am plifie r
spillage worry of that type of ba ttery . A
outpu t is to be coupled as ligh tly as possible
be tter choice would be a sea led battery of
(smallest value of C5) and still mainta in
the type made by Centralab under the name
oscillations.
GeiCel. The Nica d batteries look very attrac- You migh t get by without shielding the
tive , although high-priced , but t hey req uire a oscilla tor, bu t I co nsider it a worth wh ile
different charging scheme th an I h ave pro- precau tion to iso late th e oscilla to r from
vide d here, that is, co nsta n t cu rren t instead o u tside infl ue nces. I enclose d th e who le
of cons ta nt voltage . oscilla tor in a brass st rip fence, as ca n be
RFI Considerations see n in the photo. All the capacitors asso-
Digit al circuitry of t he type used in this ciated wit h the crystal network (C3. 5, 6 &
u nit generates large amou nts of wideband, 7) must be high quality stable types such as
high-frequ ency
, no ise . T he reaso n for t his is silver mica. C4 must be .a good grade VHF
the very t hing that makes TIL logic so type t rim mer.
FEBRU AR Y 1973 55
10 001 I'll 10",
cr 1'13 C2
.~ 01 ,
; 4 1 0.~ .2 11 1/V
" ,.'" 117 ~ 18 0", 100 HZ - 100KHZ
92g~#Cir;e ~fJOA
~;Il" ~ C8
1'16 180 " I
."
Cl~ =
.' " , '"
C12 ...L
. -r- ..,
C\3 ::;:::
)(100 ".
L ~==~ .corr
NORMAL
. u.."...-------'
"
CLOCK SPEED
56 73 MAGAZINE
Clock Counters the co rrespo ndi ng decoders. V19 a nd V I?
T he clock counte rs consis t o f a di vider IC The reset-to-zero input of V13 is co nnec ted
for eac h digit of the cloc k except th e t en s of to the rese t line , all o thers being ground ed .
hou rs, with a 24hou r reset circ uit to switch The left over divid e-by-Z A sec tio ns o f
the clock back to zero every midn ight , as V I3 and V I I are used t o make the tw o-bit
may be see n in the Clock Schematic Dia- tens of ho urs digit. The U I I A sectio n is the
gram, Fig. 5. T H I bit and the V 13 A sec tio n is th e TH 2
The unit s of seconds (V I4), min u tes bit. Therefore, th e D o ut put fro m V10
( V I 2), and hou rs ( VI 0 ) co unte rs are decade drives the A in pu t of Ull , and the A o utp ut
dividers connec te d in th e sta ndard mann er of VII drives th e A input o f V13. These two
fo r th is device. That is, th e in put signal A sect io ns are co nnec te d to the A & B
triggers the divide-by-Z A sec tio n first, a nd inputs of the te ns of hou rs de coder U I5,
then the by-5 BCD section to prod uce the represen ting a tw o-bit nu m ber to th at de-
sta nda rd binary -coded-decimal ( BCD) count- coder. The ot her decoder in pu ts a re
ing seq ue nce fo r wh ich the decoders a re ground ed.
design ed . Therefore , th e ABC & D o u tp uts The q uad nand IC U9 is connec te d t o im-
are co nnecte d to the ABC & D inpu ts o f the plement th e 24-hour reset logic, which ma y
decoders respectively , The D, or last , o utp ut best be seen on Fig. 3. T he numbe r 24: 00 :00
drives the inpu t of t he fo llowing stage. is recognized by the gate at pins 8, 9 & J a by
All the reset inputs o n th e un its digi ts are the prese nce of th e T H2 and UH4 bit s in the
unu sed an d gr o und ed , exce pt th e high sta te, which then sets the nand toggle
reset-to-zero for the unit s of hours. This is mad e up of the gates at pins I through 6.
connected to the reset line , as sh own in Fig. The to ggle puts a high state o n the reset line
3 , to clear the fo ur in the twenty-fo ur h ou rs. fro m pin 3, which resets to zero U I a arid
The tens o f seconds an d te ns of minu tes V13. The next VS4 bit is inver te d by the
digit s use the d ivid e-by-six BCD sectio ns of gate at pins 11 -14 of V9 and then used to
V I3 and V II Ie's respectively . Because clea r the nand toggle .
these re prese n t th e ABC bits of a modulo-six Decoders and Readouts
digit , the BCD ou tpu ts o f th ese coun te rs are The com mo n terminal o f the readouts is
connec te d t o the AB C in puts res pec tively of connec te d to the lamp voltage from the
, ~'I~I;' o ~
,
'I.. I r.- e ,G .. A
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R. v.. -1'1 0 ...0
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2 ~5 e Cj 8 Cj 8
TENS ...OURS UNITS HOURS TE NS M IN UTE S UNITS - M IN UT ES TE NS SECO NDS UNI TS - S ECOND S
FEBRUAR Y 197 3 57
I N4 81 9
TO
TR IAD F40 X -----. LAMP P OWER
.,
-t
U21
~lll68 vcr
0 .5 A
"' LM3 09K I UGJ7B05393
120 VAC
/ '\
.V P OWE R
.-- -
.02 2
r: 400
25 11 1
p;-'-- Oil
< 'K
./4w
0.2
2.2 Il.
< IW
f
J
"_L. I/IF
3511
DISP LA Y r:
Fig. 6. Power supp ly schema tic dIagram.
.
po wer su pp ly. and the lamp of each segme n t desire . Abo ut o ne J1F of filte r ca pacity
in the display lights as its li ne is grou nded by should be o n the outp ut of th e regu lato r,
the decod er. The d ecod er ligh ts th e com bl na- but this ca n be at the load , o r almost
tion of lamps ma kin g th e numeral co rres- any where o n the 5 volt bus, as it is to bypass
ponding t o the binary code fed to it from low-frequency tran sients.
the counter. The lamp power is derived with a separate
The pin 4 & 5 connec tio ns to the decoder set of rectifiers to prevent loading the filte r
are fo r blan king of unused numbers and have capaci tor wit h the relat ively heavy lam p
no func tion in a clock. Becau se th ey are curre nt.
act ive in t he lo w sta te, they may be left The shunt regulator I used is fairly crude
o pe n to be in ac tive (h igh). and non-adjust able , but is doing its job q uite
The input at pin 3 of th e decoders is for adeq uately . The two 6.8 volt zener diodes
lamp testing. I didn 't use this, but o ne co uld provide a 13.6 volt refe rence voltage fo r the
tie aU these pin 3's together to a bus line and base of shun t regulato r Q I . When ever the
gro und it with a pus h-bu tton to make all 8 's emitte r of th is PNP tra nsisto r exceeds 0.3
ap pear in the display , thus testi ng all display volts high er th an this, o r about 13.9 volts ,
segme nts. T his would not be a very useful the reg ulator begins t o shunt cu rren t to
frill , but it wouldn 't cost mu ch either. ground to hold the voltage at th at level. The
An alt ern ate co nnec tio n for lamps draw- 2.2Q resistor R 12 is chosen to limit ch arging
ing more than 40 rnA is shown in th e co rner current to the batt ery to about 1/2 ampe re
of Fig. 6. This uses a 7448 decoder and when the battery is lo w, i.e ., ab out II vo lts
seven NPN switc h transistors. The 7448 h as terminal voltage. R I I is not at all cri tical,
o utput pull-up resisto rs fo r direct connec- and o nly provides so me kee p-alive cu rre nt
tion to th e transistor base . fo r the zener diodes when Q I is no t con-
ducting.
. . .K5DUS
Power Supply
The power supp ly fo r t he IC' s uses a
t ransformer with ce nter-tapped secondary ,
full-wave recti fie rs, and capacito r filter of YOUR CALL
the sim plest typ e , as can be see n in Fig. 6. Please check your address label and ma~e sure
The filt er capacity sho wn allow s several volts that it is correct. In cases where no call letters
has been furnished we have had to m a~e one up.
of ripple and is thus very easy o n the If you find that yo ur lab el has an EE3*&* on it
rectifiers, but the regulator IC U2 1 cha nges that means we don't know your call and would
th is to as pure de at 5 volts as o ne could a p p reciate he vinq it.
58 73 M AGAZINE
With Signal/One's CX7-A
you settled for the best.
- - '
Now meet the rest of the best.
A few short years ago, Signal /One introduced the solid-state CX7-A. It
wa s quic kly recogni zed as the world's most advanced radio transcei ver. It sti ll is.
Now, Signal /One is more than j ust the CX7-A. A lot mo re.
For openers, we've added two new receivers. One: the CR-1500, a dual-ch annel
system is so advanced - in selectivity, sensitivity and versatility - you won 't
find anything like it
th is side of a research 0 1 10 _ ~ >D
0 ~e
laboratory. The
CR-1200 receiver, our , 0-:'-;
other new one, fea-
tures a sing le VFO . If it weren 't for its bigger brother, it would be the fin est
recei ver you could buy,
There's a new CT1S00 transmitter, the matching transmitter for use with the
CR-1 200 and CR-1500 receivers. It incorporates
all modes of operat ion and includes the famous
Si gn al/One RF en ve lope cl ipping , broadband
tun in g, full-automatic CW keyin g, and many
other features.
REPEATER KEY NG
LNE CONTROL
A circuit for controlling timed [unctions in II repeater. Th e li se of the new
Signeties N E.S/)5 IC' tinters eliminates elecl ron ic and mechunicol complications.
very repeater has a need fo r two basic deliberately leave his transmitte r keyed up
E timing functions. The first is the de-
layed dro p o ut. A short time delay bet ween
o n th e inpu t channel of th e rep eater. If the
tran smitt er in th e repeate r is not rated for
the release of the COR and the transmitter con tin uous service , it may overheat o r be
drop o ut is necessary to prevent th e trans- damaged . If for some reason, the repea ter
mitter keying relays fro m chattering on a cannot be controlled under these conditio ns.
signal that is flu ttering in and out of ihe this ca n cause severe anxiety for the person
repeater receiver. This short delay , usually who must either wait for it to go away , or
approximately two seco nds, will prevent the drive a hundred miles in th e mountains at
ann oying chatte ring noise and prolong the night t o solve th e pro blem.
life of th e equipme nt. Man y repeater syste ms use surp lus time
T he seco nd fun ction is usually calle d the delay relays, coffee pot trimmers, or other
time-aut-timer o r transmit-interval-tim er. mechan ical con trivances. These devices may
Occasionally so meo ne will accide nta lly or be either unreliable o r expensive.
.'"
"": r- KI
COR
I, , 1400
I
2N2222
~" s
'lJk , e
DELAY
9 " U
'"
.. e
I .,.
6 7 8
;J; '00
J'
esc
~
I 2 3 4
'"
6 7 S
TI ME
OOT TIM E '" 1. 1 ItC
..'"
14 13 12 11 to 9 8
I
22DK
If ...l! . 5 6 7 8
4 1"'- I
-If ~ 1~~ 4
123 4567GNO
7 400
TOP V IE W
rh '"
TOP V IEW
Fig. 1. Schema tic diagram of th e repeater con trol circuit using NES55 IC's.
60 73 MAG AZINE
Integrated Circuits providing an indicator light, if the tra nsistor
The device to be described in this article can hand le the extra current. Other com-
uses three integrated circuits that are reliab le binatio ns of transisto r and relay may be used
and inexpensive. A few resistors and capaci- if the transisto r has enough de gain to be
tors set th e time in tervals for the two full y turn ed o n by the IC o utpu t. The IC
Signetics 555 timers. A 7400 qu ad du al sho uld be able to provide more than l OrnA,
input nand gate performs the req uired logic and as much as 50 rnA short circuit current.
functions. A transistor is used to drive a A resisto r is placed in the base of the
relay in the output circuit. The completed tran sisto r to lim it base curre nt to no more
unit is connected between the repea ter than what is necessary to saturate the
receiver COR contacts and the repeater tran sis to r.
tra nsmitter keying line. A plug-in relay can be used to provide fo r
easy repair of th e o nly probably cause of
Constr uc tio n Notes failure in the circ uit.
Any available method of construction can
be used since the layo ut is no t critical. A Setting Up
piece of perforated circuit board makes a Once the circuit is completed, the drop
good chassis for hand wiring. With the pi ns out delay time can be adjusted with the
on the ICs inserted in matching holes in the 250 K variable resistor. The time-out timer is
boards, wires can be stuffed into the same no t made adjustable, but the 220 K resistor
holes alongside the IC pins for solde ring. o r th e 1000 J,l F capacitor can be cha nged to
Teflo n insula ted wire is a m ust where repeat- selec t different time cons ta nts. Longer time
ed soldering and unsoldering may be neces- consta nts m ay be difficult to achieve be-
sary to correct solder bridges between pins. cause of the leakage resista nce foun d in most
Making a printed circuit board is no t recom- large elect rolytic capacitors. The com-
mended since such a one-of-a-kind project ponents used resulted in a time-out delay of
usually does not justify the trouble and almost te n mi nutes although the theoretical
expense. time constant wo uld be o nly about fo ur
The in tegrated circui ts and data shee ts for min utes. T his is because the leakage resis-
this project were obtained from So lid State tance in the ca pacito r co unteracts the
Systems, Inc . Capacitors wit h polari ty mark- tim ing resis to r. If the leakage is bad enough,
ings were electrolytic. The . 1 and .0 ] IJ F the timer will never t ime o ut.
capacitors can by mylar or disc ceramic. No power supply is shown in the schema-
These two capacitors were necessary to tic, but voltages can be obtained from a
preven t radiated noise from triggering the dropping resisto r and zener diode from the
timer. Other precautions may become neces- repeater's 28 volt power supply. If a special
sary under different conditions. sepa ra te po wer supply must be buil t, th ere
Note that the top view of th e pin are ma ny integrated circuit voltage regula-
co nnec tio ns fo r the 555 in the sche ma tic are to rs th at can make the project very sim ple.
nu mbered differently fro m the usual co nve n-
Final Commen ts
tion . This numbering was given with the
application information, but the normal The integrated circuits cost just over
convention was given on the data sheet. The three dollars at the time of this writing, and
numbering shown in the schematic was used, prices have been decreasing steadily. T he
an d the circuit operated this way. circuit gives so lid state reliabili ty wit h the
T he output circuit shows a tra nsis tor exceptio n o f th e out put relay whic h can be
driving a relay. A 2N2 222 sw itc hing tran sist or mad e easily replaceable. Anyo ne who is
can be used to drive a 28 volt crystal can putt ing u p a new repeate r shou ld conside r
relay coil. The contacts of these relays will making this sim ple circuit a part of the
typically handle up to two amperes. A control system right from the start , but if
silicon power diode must be placed across the machine is already up, its never too late
the relay to protect the transistor. A 28 volt for improveme nts.
lamp can also be used for this purpose while . . .WB6BII '
FE BRU A R Y 19 73 61
,
Don Miller W9NTP
Box 95
Waldron IN 46182
POPULARSLO -SCAN
TELEVISION CIRCUITS
PART
F EBRUARY 1973 63
,
By algebraic manipulation , it is po ssible
to p rove th at the gain of th is amp li f ie r is the
' ...
", So fa r, very little has been said abo ut de
o ffse t. This effect is just th e d e o u tp u t
' 0
voltage that exists when th e inputs are
returned to ground. This d efe ct is caused by
the IC imp erfections and can be easily
Fig. 2-2. The inverting amp lifier. co n tro ll ed by adding a dc sign al to the input
64 73 MAGAZINE
'F
"
"
'0
2 i~ it Ollt) !
THE COM CRAFT CTR144
n
Fig. 25. Offse t c ompensa ted op-amp.
,~
to re tu rn the out pu t to zero volts. As an
example, see the offset contro l show n in Fig .
2-4 . T he pote ntiometer is adjusted so that
M ADE IN U .S.A.
the output is de zero with El grounded . In
order to balance the op-amp as much as The First AM-FM
possible. ma ny times the n eed for t he offset
adj ust me n t is elimi na ted by putting a resis-
Solid-State Transceiver
For Two Meters
No longer is it necessary to choose between
'F AM and FM on two meters. Now you can have
both in one compact unit. Join the gang on
the new FM repeaters yet st ill be able to " rag
" chew" with old friends either AM or FM any-
'0 where in the two meter band.
FEBRU A R Y 197 3 6S
+v
.0 1
-v
Larsen Mobile Fiq, 2-8. Power lead reversal pro tec tio n.
80
Sold wi th a full money back guarantee.
You hear better or it costs nothing! III
I}ij-L j_ t ttl- vs - 115V
TA-25' C
~ 60 1
r ~Cr'~'~"~'T'~';:,;:,. 0
-. C~'~.~3~,~'rl:....j-lll::-j-H1rt-1
also available ... ~ ' I IIII-++Jtl--N-fjj-j
5 db Gain Antenna for ~~.tO Htt
C l - l oo PF. R ' - " S k~nC 2 - J pF
420-440 MHz and 440-460 MHz
Phased Coll inear with same rugged construc- ;g l-1-I-i1f-PoH
tion as Larse n 2 meter antennas a nd 5 db
gain ove r reference 1/4 wave wh ip . Mod els ~ 20 c, "", " ." '''[j[~'~20::;'':.l-Io-:~+I
N-!'It-
to fit a ll mount s. Co mes wit h inst ru ction s.
Write today for full fact sheet and pri ce .
~
--.... ....,,
---
'",...,--
~ 0 Cl.5OOll
PF
.Rl.l .Skn,C2-200 ' ,7
Jil....
n
~ ,;
n, Jr ,\', \
I,'
\\\ I /,,',1 -20100
",A1 llll
.\:;;JUJ.o...,J,-LllL,,f;:l..l.
I
\~~.. ", 1k 10 k
fRE ~UE NCY
tooe
- Hl
1M 10 M
'~LarsenAntennas
11611 N.E. 50 t h Ave. - Va ncouver, WA. 98665
Pho ne 206/695-538 3
Fig. 2-9. Compensa tion information for th e 709.
66 73 MA GAZINE
A wo rd should be stated about t he
realtive size o f resistors applied to th e
WATERBAGS* 00
TOROIDS'TELETYPE FAX
o p-a m p . If all resist ors are kept below I MD:
no problems will develop . Usu ally the ga ins 'Ibtoids
BB mil lihenry. Neve r po t ted .
desired can be achieved with th is range of Cente r ta pped . 5/ $2. 50 ppd.
30/ $1 0 ppd US .
resistors witho ut develo ping any prob lems .
Tor all .cdel I f-1 5-2e-J2-J3-Lorenr -
One fina l circ uit should be show n t hat is ~bbons Mite . FRESH Bl a ck nyl on, 12 per box .
1 box/13 . 50 poe t pa i d US .
need ed by the slo w scan act ive fil te r d esign-
er. This is the voltage follower circ uit. It CVeskJax Tran.ceiver
Mod e l 6S0 0A
Checked and ready t o o pe ra te
provid es very high input impedan ce and low o n the landline-o r o n th e a i r .
o utput im peda nce. Jt has a gain of + I . It is Con t a i n. r e ceivi ng a nd t ran . -
mitt i ng AFS~ un i t
sho wn in Fig. 27 . SPECI AL SI S eac h, 2/ $2 5, 7/ $SO
T he response of an op -amp t o large =-rax Paper 12" xl ' " . toeete . For
RD- U or TXCI FAX. o~
cut ' _ lip for u... on
cha nges of input signal is not as fast as migh t the o.ek fa:x 650010 . HO eheat. per packa "e .
1 pkq / $3 . S pk,,/ 112 .
" (TOP V IEWl Teletype Paper paper. Standard 9-1/2 " wid t h.
5" diamat er f i t e all ma eh i ne a.
12 ro Ue /$U.
, " 11/16" wi de . FRESH .
Perforator crape
e:p:r~i>l : TO99 ' 40 r o ll s o nl y SB.
I I 10
Februarg "Val/.s iOZ X r - k _
Sdrtl... . ~ 01"lI>0
Speclaf! W2DLT
,
DIP 741
,
..~ . " ,~ , .. "~ ' <O '
Co. " .r ' ..', " 'M' C."
NEW JOPI
SCOPE TlJB ES
CElectronics
. . ._ _ e .. ........
~
- .-
__
_
e ........
M''',,," UM
:) OfFSE T ~ ULL ~1
I ~V I~P'UT
!> ~OOI '''V I"""T
.
"" ~
~
~
1 II'lV ' ' ' " ' '
:) "OOI'I'lV ' '''''VT
5 OffS ET I'lULL"1
'"'.,
e v
.~ CRYSTAL BARGAINS
T O-99 and DIP 74 1 pin co nnec tion s. Depend on . . .
We s u pply crysta ls f ro m
I.... UT 16K Hz to 100 MH z. Over
f RE t'. ~
i / S."-<,_
6 m illion crysta ls m
COMP ...R iUOo
sto c k. CRYSTALS
I. TD-99 7
SPECIAL
iu;:=t>__
,
- ; ? OUT PUT Cryst a ls for m ost ama -
DIV IS ION OF BOB
WHAN & SON
ELECTRON ICS, INC .
~'"
II'lV I~ T v stock .
OUT"" SPECIALS I CRYSTALS FOR :
Fr eq ue ncy Standards
DIP 709 OUT" "
,~.
fRE O 100 KH z IHC13/ UJ $4 .50
.,
1000 KHl tHC6/ UJ 4.50
,
., -"-----_ ...,,~ Almost All CB Sets , Tran s. or Rec. 2.50
ICB svmnesuer Crysta l on request)
TO- 99 and DIP 709 p, n con nec ti ons. AnV Amateu r Band in FT 243 1.50
(h cept 80 meters) 4 for 5.00
Fig. 2-10. N ote that the 741 can be used as 80 Meter Ra nge in FT243 2.50
plug-in replacement for th e 709 bu t n ot vice Color TV 351 9545 KH z (wire lea dll 1.60
4 fo r 5.00
versa.
FEBRUAR Y 1973 67
for th e co mpe nsa ted 709 . The pin co nnec-
+
t ions of each amp lifier in its vari ous
R, R, RL
" C T= .69R2 C pac ka ges are also show n in Figs. 2-9 and
~
." 2-10.
0, R. 0, No te in Fig. 2-10 that th e 74 1 can be
SL >& ~ used as plug-in replacem ent for the 70 9 but
sYNC not vice versa.
;; c, R, n
The Monostable Multivibrator
Fig. 2-11. Ccliector-cou pfed monostabJe mutn- Th e mon ost able multivibrator (o r " one
vi br ator. sho t" as it is some times called ) is used
exte nsive ly in both slow scan moni tors and
ca me ras. T he mono stable oscillato r is ab le to
be ex pected fro m circui t consideratio ns . A p roduce a pulse of the d esired width from a
large change of input ca uses the feedback to no isy pulse reco vered from th e sy nc re-
overd rive th e inpu t sta ge as it attempts to covery ci rcui ts of th e monitor o r from the
correct th e slo w rise tim e of th e fr equ en cy timing ci rcuits of a came ra.
comp ensa ted stages. The clipped signal is The circuit of a mo nost ab le multivibra tor
integrated by the co mpe nsatio n capacitors, is similar to that o f o ther multivibrators, but
result ing in an o u tpu t voltage th at rise s a t a differs in that it has o nly on e sta b le state.
fixed rat e. This rat e limit , o r sle w rate , The general circu it co nfigu ration of a co llec-
det erm in es the speed. with wh ich the amp li- tor-co u pled mo nosta ble multivibrator is
fier can res po nd to large signals. Th is slew shown be lo w in Fig. 2-1 1.
rate b ecome s important in the slow scan Since the emi tte r base junc tio n of tran sis-
swee p d river circu its shown lat er. tor Q 2 is fo rward biased by R 2 , Q2 is
In o rder t o p rot ect an op -a mp o n th e n ormall y in full cond uction. The o u tp ut
breadboard from accident al reversa l o f th e voltage at th e co llector of Q2 is the
power su pply leads, a diod e can be insert ed satu ratio n voltage o f th e tran sistor Up on
into the n egative pow er lead . Th is will assure the appli cation o f a po sit ive sy nc pulse at
that the reversal will n ot damage the internal th e base of Q 1. the co lle ctor voltage of Q 1
circuitry o f th e op-am p . This is shown in drops an d, since the voltage across a
Fig. 2-8 . capaci tor canno t change instantaneously . it
For conve n ience to the slo w scan ne r ca uses t he base of Q2 to cu t o ff the
some of th e specifications of the 709 and co nduc tion of Q 2 . The fee d bac k fro m the
74 1 are shown in tab le form be low. In collec tor of Q 2 to the base o f Q 1 via R4
addit ion, a graph of resisto r an d capaci to r causes th e act ion to be regen era tive and a
com binatio ns is given for th e different gains positive p ulse occurs at the co llec to r of Q2 .
68 73 MAGAZINE
6800
,;
I I
+vee 8
T .69 (6800)C
640 640 .rt,
7 6
0'
~ ;,;,. 04
OUT
4' 0
iJ>& >.t::
4'0
450 450
.rt. I e
SYNC.
4 3
IN
( I,
( I', I
7
~
8
70P 3
2
~DENT
COOING
FEBRUARY 1973 69
Timing and Gatin g Circuits
V, --t-7f'=""~----rC-
The slow scanner can make use o f digital
tec h no logy in h is design of timing circu its
V, -+-+--~;-- -7''---1- for came ras and mo n itors. T his discussion
will conce n trate o n RT L logic wh ic h stan ds
fo r resist o r-transist o r-l o gi c . This ty pe of
logic wh ich is the slowest of the th ree main
o typ es ( RT L, DTL, TTL) is also th e mo st
rea sonably p riced. As ti me passes, it is very
po ssible t hat TTL {tra nsistor-t ra nsistor-logic}
will become price competi tive . T his type is
Fig. 21 4 . Sch mi tt trigger ac tion on an applied the fastest of t he eco nomically priced logic
sine wave. compo nents.
eliminate t h is hy st eresis , but the same effect The basic eleme nt of any logic system is
ca n be used to good adva n tage b y th e slow the gate . In RTL logic . t his is the nor gate . It
scan ner. is sold b y Fairchild as the UL9 14 o r in a
Logic circ u its used in cou n ting usually dual package b y Mot o rol a as th e MC82 4.
req uire abrupt changes of input voltage to The ci rcui t diagram o f th e 9 14 is sho wn in
make th e circu its trigger. If it is d esired to Fig. 2-16 .
generat e a 15 Hz tim ing signa l fro m a 6 0 li z If th e base of eit her transistor is raised in
sine wave , it w ill be first necessary to d isto rt potential , the ou tput drops t o a n ear zero
the sine wave in to a sharp-edged sq uare voltage . This positive voltage ap p lied to t he
wave. The desired result is shown in Fig. base is called a ' h igh " and the resu lti ng
2-14 . outpu t at near zero volts is called a "low."
Whe n the E in pu t sine wave reacheds V I Note that t he app lication of a h igh at either
the Schmitt trigger cha nges its sta te . At V2 base causes the o u tpu t to go t o a lo w. T his is
the state changes back to the fo rmer called a nor gate because the outpu t is
con dition . The outp ut shows very fas t op posite any in put and th e same " lo w"
transitio ns necessary for d riving RTL logic output is o b tai ned regardl ess of wh ich inp ut
circu its. Figu re 2-15 shows a Sch mitt t rigger is gate d int o a h igh " con d ition. No te th at
design ed with an UL9 14 RTL ga te . Th e b oth inp uts ca n be in a 'h igh" co nd it io n and
u nused tra nsitors have their bases grou nded prod uce t he same " lo w" outp ut. T he symbo l
to elim ina te noise pickup . So me times a for this o pera tion is also show n in Fig. 2-16.
ca pacitor is used across the collector to base We are no w ready to adva nce to an
resistor to commutate or speed up the applicatio n of the fl or gate . Often a
t ransitions. It s value is s mall. mult ivibrato r or swit ch is needed that has
+ 4.51/ t wo stab le sta tes. A t rigger pulse ca n be used
to se t the multivibrato r in o ne co nditi o n an d
Vee 8
640 640
7
OUT
02 03 04
0.- V'
~ ~ ~ ~
4'" 4'"
C(S~f'LU "
56
lr n
/
"
Fig. 2- 15. Timing an d gating circ ui ts. Fig . 2 16. The nor gat e.
70 73 MAGAZ IN E
t-,
K
0 ~ I Q
T - ~
Q
r-,
J
~
Fig, 2-17. R S flip-flop mad~ from two n or gates. Fig. 2-18. The JK ttip-ttop.
a second trigger ca n be used to restore the The JK flip-flo p has o ne pro perty that
mu ltivibrator to th e origi nal cond itio n . This ma kes it of part icular interest t o the slo w
principle is use d in the slow sca n sampli ng scanner. This is the T (o r toggle) inpu t. If
came ra la ter described . bot h inputs J and K are tied to ground (or
Connect two nor gates in a cross " lo w") and a seq ue nce of high pulses are
connec tio n as shown in Fig . 2- 17. applied to t he T input, the RS flip-flop
If a momentary high is pu t o n R, Q goes receives alternative high 's o n the Rand S
low. It is assu med that S is low and o u tp ut Q input to ca use th e flip -flop o utput to oscil-
is high , therefore makin g the top ga te late ba ck and f orth. The sim ple block
contin ue to sta y low even after the R high is diagram of a' JK flip-flop shown in Fig . 2- 18
removed . At so me later time a momentary is sensitive t o pulsewidth s. T he mo re co mp li-
high is connec te d t o S. T his im med iate ly cate d correc t diagram will show all addi-
ca uses Q to go low, fo rci ng Q high and tional KS flip-flop fo r holding purpose s. T he
therefo re locking t he botto m gate in the new result is that fo r every t wo pulses into th e T
condition . In pu ts R and S and the o utp uts Q input, the Q o r Q o ut put goes thro ugh o ne
and Q are un ive rsall y designated ter minals of change of state . This is a freque ncy d ivider
an RS flip-flo p. of 2 which forms perfect sq uare waves at the
o utp ut. It will be sho wn later that this signal
Let us now exten d the RS flip-flop o ne
is quit e useful to the slo w scanner.
fllore ste p to design a new kind o f d evice ,>
called a JK flip-flop by com bining several Th e J K flip -flop is co mmercially
nor gates. T he sim plified circ uit diagram in packaged and is sold by Fairchild as the
block form is shown in Fig. 2- 18 . UL923 and by Moto rola in a dual package as
the MC890 .
To start the opera tio n assu me that terrm-
nal T is gro unded to a lo w state . A h igh is Wh at does a slo w scan ner do with JK
te mporarily applied to K which causes gate I flip -flops'? T he most obvious use is t he
ou t put to go low. This signal is passed generat ion of the 15 Hz lin e rate use d in the
through an inverter to make th is signal a SS ca mera . A ty pical circ uit is show n in Fig.
high. Q go es lo w a nd does not affe ct 2-19 whe re two " di vide-by-t wo" JK flip-
fli p-flop 2 so Q remains low. flo ps a re hoo ked in cascade.
Now let 's assume input J is momentarily The 15 Hz sq uare wave must now be used
to trigger a monostable multivibrat or to se t
raised to a high. ' This input ca uses gate 2
o ut pu t t o go Jaw. The inverter changes the the exact pulse length desired . The d esign of
signal to a high and causes the RF flip -flop a monost able oscilla tor is covered else where
to change sta te with Q lo w and Q high . The in this book.
fee d back from Q to K input is low, so it What about the ot her frequency divisions
does no t affect the operation . o ther tha n t wo? Digit al designers are very
J J
60 HZ
T T
K K
FEBRUAR Y 197 3 71
Central New York Specialty Headquarters
FM by STANDARD COMMUNICATIONS
and CLEGG
ANTENNAS by HY-GAIN
Duality-Selected Used Ham Gear 4J J -Q'f---
Q FI2 OUT
F INPUT T
K
Write for li st ing, upda ted twice m onth ly
CFP ENTERPRISES DI VIDE er TWO
DIVIDE BY SEVEN
, FIB
INPUT OUT
DIVIDE BY EIGH T
, Fl.
IN PUT OUT
DIVIDE BY NINE
73 MAGAZIN E
72
..,... 2 4 3
30HZ , A
,
F' .!. S EC
~I
60 HZ DlV IOE DIV IDE DIVIDE DIVIDE DIVIDE OUT
FROM BY, BY> BY 9 BY 9 Bn
SCH MIT T
TRIGGER
15 HZ OU T
~~"O
circu it , but the o riginal p ack age known as
the SE56 5 an d NE56 5 are the mo st p opular 6
and eco no mica lly p riced . s
Th e b lock diagram of th e phase lock lo o p 4-
is illustrat ed in Fig. 2-23. TO -99 PACKAGE UL9Z3
10
_
0
B
11 8+
fact th at each part of the lo op can b e " OIF> PACKAGE MC 890P
4 - GNO
FEBRUARY 1973 73
-
"
10
It[F OJTM
MONEY
JU , co
IN MOBILE RADIO
,
t, ,
MAINTENANCE?" "'M
" -,
Fig. 2-23. The phase lock loop.
k== 1C==k"==~k==~IC::::l=1
1st - GET OUR FREE BOOK co nsta n t and is used to d rive the veo close r
" HOWTO MAKE MON EY IN MO BI LE to the inco mi ng freque ncy un til bot h are
RA DI O MAINTENANC E" Jocked togeth er. T he secret of the PLL
comes from its ability to average several
cycles of the incoming frequency to produ ce
2nd- ORDER THE LAMPKIN
a v eo freq uen cy th at d oes no t show the
COMMUNICATION SERVICE
sho rt tim e noise variations of the inco ming
MONITOR frequency . This averagin g res ults from
having a long loo p tim e co nsta nt.
The net result is that the phase lo ck lo op
is free runnin g and lo cks on to a very noisy
inpu t signal and has a high ly filte red out p ut
/" ave raged signal. As an exam ple, if the slo w
sca n ner is in tereste d in detec ting a 15 Hz
horizontal slo w sca n sy nc signal, the veo
capacitor is calc ulate d by fo rmula to give a
Y CO frequency of 15 li z. Th e loop
capaci to r is d esign ed t o have a tim e co nst ant
Ihal is 15 to 20 ti mes t he period of th e 15
Hz in pu t horizon tal pulse . T he output veo
15 Hz signal will no t be lo cked to th e
ave rage period o f the 15 o r 20 in co ming 15
107 C - $2750 Hz pulses. T his circu it is ex tre mely
so phis ticate d inside th e integrated circ u it
package, but it is sim ple to design and
MOD EL i07C - GREATEST IN rep rese n ts an excellent wa y to reco ver sy nc
VERSATILITY & RELIABILlTY - fo r t he slow sca n ner mo nito r.
LOWEST IN COST . WEIGHT The d esign fo rmulas fo r the loo p are as
AND PROBLE MS fo llows:
I
fo = 4RI C1 , let Rr = 4000
I I
WRITE OR CALL '70"'0"'07)('-'1-0
. Ci = 4Rl fo = 4.-(4 5'--
) - 41l F
LAMPKIN LABORATORI ES INC. I
P.O. Box 2084 Dept. M T = 3.6 X IO' C2 = 15 (\5I1z)
Bradenton, Florida 33506
Phone: 813-746-4175
C2 = 277 IlF
74 73 MAGAZINE
VIsion can be used here to give the desired
PHA SE LOW PASS
COMPARATOR FILTER AMPL IFIER
division. This is an excelle n t way to lo ck the
',. - r- o, r- C> sam p lin g camera horizontal swee p fr equen cy
to the 60 Hz main s. This co mp lete circ u it is
shown later in the integrated circ u it 55
+ N veo ,x.
f- HZ
sam p ling camera design .
I,OUT This discussion is far to o brief to do
justi ce t o th e PLL circ u it. Many more
Fig. 2-24. High frequency phase Jocking. applica tio ns o f this integrat ed ci rcu it will be
disc overed by the slo w sca n ne r. It is ex-
tremely easy to use in all syn chron ous
Another ap plica t ion of th e PLL is in the generation and detection ap plicatio ns.
generation of the FM vid eo in the 55 The connections and terminals of the
cam era. Here the PLL~VeO is ch anged in its SE/NE565 are shown in Fig. 2-25 .
frequ ency o u tp u t by the incoming base band
Sweep Generation
video. Onl y the veo part of th e PLL
package is used h ere. The form u la fo r Mo st monitors and came ras used fo r slo w
calc ula tio n of C l is th e same as be fore . The sca n t elevision use a driven swee p c irc u it to
design shou ld result in a frequen cy n ear the generat e the sa wtoot h voltage o r c u rre nt to
1200 t o 2 300 Hz FM band o f interest. The produce the rast er.
actual design of this veo circ u it is given in a Driven sweep circu its require syn c pulse
repetiti on to cy cle the sawtooth in co n trast
lat er discussion o f the integrated circuit 55
s a m p li n g c am e ra . Re cently Signet ics to free running sweep generators which
require sy nc hro n ization from a pulse ch ain.
an n ou nced a n integrat ed ci rc u it v eo that is
essen tia lly the veo used in the NE-56 5 The result o n the e RO face is a com p letely
black tu be face for driven sweeps with out
PLL. This new f C veo IS called an
sy nc pulses and a co nsta n tl y recurring raster
SE/N E-566 .
for sy nch ro nized sweeps even in the a bsen ce
Last but not least is another extremely of sy nc pulses . T oday it is a matt er of
interesting application of the PLL. If it is opinion which is best, but in the early days
desired to sy nch ro nize a high fr equen cy , i.e ., of slow scan TV (late 1950's) the drift and
4800 Hz, with a local standard 60 Hz, the sy nc h ron izin g diffi culty of fr ee running
PLL can utilize co un tdown circu its and swee p circu its resulted in the use o f driven
generate a h o st of lo ck ed sy nc sign als. As an sweeps. T oday, the free running un ijunction
ex ample, co nsider Fig. 2-24. oscillators and phase lo ck lo op circ u its c an
The digit al divider circu its shown in the produce some very go od results with
previous discussion o f RTL frequency d i- synchroniza tion.
A PACKAGE
( TO P VI E W)
K PAC KAGE I ,. I. V
( TOP VI EW) 2. INPUT
a
I. V 3
"ta 3 . INPUT
4. veo OUT PUT
5 . PHASE COMPARATOR vee INPUT
2 . INPUT 6 . REFEREN CE OU T PUT
0,
0, J . INPUT
4 . VCO OU T PUT
4
"'0 7 . DEMODUL AT ED
6 . EXTERNAL R FOR veo
e. PHASE COMPA RATOR VCO INPUT 5 9 . EXTERNAL C FOR VCO
0' 6. REFERENCE OUT PUT 10. V
o' e
o 7 . DEMODUL AT ED OUT PU T
8 . EXTERNAL R FOR veo
6 II.
12.
NC
NC
9 . EXTERNAL C FOR VCO
10. v+
7
13. NC
14 . NC
FEBRUARY 1973 75
'+
R
..
EC
__ --...-t?~'-T CIRCUIT
TO HIGH IMPEDANCE
I 'C
Sweep circu its all h ave so me kind of a Fig. 228. Current source sw eep.
capacitor circuit that is charged at a more o r
less constant current. The simple circ uit in
Fig . 22 6 sh o ws the prin ciple. then repeat s itself. This p ulse width mu st be
Without the presence of the sy nc pulse , su fficien tly wid e t o disch arge the ca paci to r
the transist or is in a non-condu ct ive sta te . through t he resistance of the tran sistor.
Capacitor "'C" is cha rged from the positive Som e care must be ta ken to make su re th at
sup ply voltage through resistor R. The the transist or does not b urn o u t from t he
charge of voltage across a capacit o r is given high discharge curren ts o f the ca pac itor.
by !'.E/!'.T = id e. A better solu t io n to lin earity is to u se a
We know th at a sawtooth vo ltage mean s cu rr ent sou rce instead of a resist or to su pp ly
equal cha nges o f voltage with equal cha nges the cu rre nt to the capacito r. A cu rren t
of time . Therefore, ie/e mu st rem ain co n- sou rce ca n be a curre n t fro m a so urce o f
stant throughout the sawtoo th. It is o bvio us high voltage and high value resistor. The
that Ie will not rema in co nsta n t in th e above curre n t b eing sup plied sho u ld n ot be affec-
circu it b ecause as the capacito r builds up in ted by the building up o f the ca pacito r
voltage , it o pposes the Flow of cu rr en t fro m voltage. Rather th an use a high vo ltage a nd
B+ through R to the capacito r. This decrease resist or co mbina tio n. ac tive compo nen ts
of cu rrent has a name "ex po nen tial" in suc h as pentodes or transist o rs can be u sed
contrast to the "linear" change desired . for the cu rre nt so urce . These devices are
There are several ways devi sed by circuit distinguished b y having "Oat " cu rre n t versus
de signers to minimize this deviat ion from a voltage characteristics. The o u tput voltage o f
linear ramp o r sawtoot h voltage . The easiest the ca paci tor will be a lin ear ram p as long as
way is to utilize only a small fract ion of the th e cu rrent sou rce remains co nst ant. Such a
total Ec variation . This is shown in Fig . 2-27 . circuit is shown in Fig . 2 -28.
If the ramp is restri cted from building u p In the circu its previously review ed , th ere
to B+. the o u t pu t voltage will be a p p ro xi- still remains a problem o f in te rfacing th e
mately linear. The circu it values mu st be high impe da nce ca pacito r circui t with the
adjusted to give the desired o u t pu t voltage o u ts ide world. Cir cuit d esigners many tim es
and linearity desired' for the rep etition rat e use what is calle d a " Darlingto n" pair to
of the pulses that are applied to the base of interfa ce with th e swee p driver stage. A
the transistor. At every pulse time , the Darlington pair is sho wn in Fig. 2-29.
tran sist or is turned o n and the ca pac ito r is
+
discharged to n ear zero voltage and the cycle
..L_LDWER
HIGH_-tP'
IMP. IMP.
EC
76 73 M A GA Z IN E
c an electronic swi tc h . A bipol ar transistor
+ -
(ord ina ry tran sist or) can he used . b u t a
R m uch more ef fec tive switch is th e field
E
effect tran sisto r (FET ). Th e circ u it is sh o wn
. F Ig.
In 0 _-.'l' I .
Fig. 23 0. Operational s mplitier w ith R C in regrat- Upo n t he ap p lication of the pulse a t t he
or. sy nc repetitio n rate . the FET shorts t h e
ca p acitor a nd causes t he cy cle to rep ea t.
Another way to ge ne ra te a sweep is t o use
Very goo d sweep genera t o rs ca n b e d e- a sy nc h ro n ized free runn ing osc illa to r. There
signe d to day fro m o pe ratio na l am plifiers. are many ways to design a free ru n n ing
These sma ll am plifie rs have very h igh gain. swee p ci rcu it that ca n be sy nchro n ized b y
low drift , and are very lo w priced. The the det ect ed t ra nsmi tte d sy nc pulses. T he
fa mous 709 and co mpe nsa te d 74 1 a re a mpli - sta bilit y o f any swee p gen erator is basically
fiers ma de b y many in tegr ated circuit co m- relat ed to t h e sharp ness a nd qu alit y o f the
panies today . These op-amps co me in three sy nchr o nizin g pulse . The o rd in ary h ome TV
basic package s - fla t pack, DIP. a nd T O-9 9 . se t is an exa mp le of a sy nc h ro n ized free
The DI P o r d u al in-line pa ckage an d TO-99 run ning swee p o r raster. In the early days of
are the mo st att rac t ive from a h am view- commercial TV. sets di fferent in t he qu ality
po int. The flat pack is c heaper hut diffic u lt of sy nc recovery and th eir o pera tio n be-
to mount in brea dbo ard circu its . ca me a measure o f e xcellence when
The o p-a mp is sh o wn in Fig. 23 0 wit h a considerin g th e p urchase o f a receiver. All
capa ci tor an d r esistor . free runn ing swee p circ ui t s mu st h ave an
Rem ember that t he am plifie r h as very oscilla to r t hat rep eats o r cy cles near the
high gai n. i.e .. 100.000 . T his means at t he d esired fre q ue n cy o f the swee p . In add it ion
minu s o r inverting in p u t of th e o p-amp th at th ere mu st be ano ther ci rcu it t h at se ts the
the inpu t vo ltage is very lo w fo r fu ll o u tp u t. exact retrace t ime and fo rms the d esired
Since the chargin g circ u its can be ca lc u la ted blank ing an d sy nc p ul ses if desire d. The
as 1= ( E+ - Ein I/R an d Ein is very lo w over pro per wid t h pulse can now b e used to
the full cy cle . the chargin g cu rre n t is co n- discha rge a capa citor in any of th e ways
sta nt and very nearly equal to I = E+/ R. The d iscussed in the sec tion o n driven swee ps.
current flowing int o t he amp lifie r is very lo w Examp les o f free ru nn ing swee p genera to r
due to Ein bei ng low a nd also to th e high ca n be a blo cking oscilla tor. mu ltivibrator,
in put impeda nce of t he a mp lifier . Th is unij unction oscilla tor. o r a veo in co m mer-
means that t he capac ito r recei ves n earl y all cia lly availa b le phase lo ck loop l'C packages.
of the cu rrent through resist o r R and t he The pulse width sha pe r can be a monstable
ou tp u t voltage of the am p lifier lin early mult ivibra to r or a silico n con t ro lled rectifier
de creases to ' he limit of sa t ura tio n. It is easy d ischarge circu it.
to visu ali ze this o pe ratio n if it is .rerne m- AU of the abo ve ci rcuits ca n be made to
bered t ha t the plus en d of the ca pacito r is a t work very well an d the choice o f o ne o r t he
near grou nd voltage, t herefore the cap ac ito r
can be redrawn as go ing directl y across the
output t o gr ound . This ef fect has a n ame
an d is called " vir tu al gr ou n d " input. If y o u
- ::+";FET
dou bt t his seq u ence o f eve n ts . c heck th em
with a good grade o scilloscope.
This circ u it still m ust b e ma d e t o recy cle c
it self so so me way mu st be p ro vid ed to
discharge th e capacit o r o nce it ha s ch arged
up.
T wo way s are used to cy cle t he capacito r.
Either way sho rts t he ca pacito r by me an s of Fig. 2 -31 . Op-amp sweep circuit with FET s wi tch.
FEBRUARY 1973 77
"NC
'N
R2
R,
Q,
.2 ~ "
e, ~
R'A
"
+
l'
Jt' Fig. 2-32. Unij unction sweep generator.
other may dep end upon th e ease of synchro- A very interesting method of creating a
nizing the free running oscillato r, t empera- free running ras te r is th e use of a phase lock
ture co nside ra tio n, o r o ne of eco nomics and loop. The basic circuit is shown in Fig. 233.
availability. The VCO is a sta ble oscilla to r who se
As an exa mp le co nsider a simple uniju nc- frequency ca n be co ntrolled by means o f a
tion relaxation oscilla tor. The basic circuit is de input vo ltage . The phase detector is able
sho wn in Fig. 2-32. to co mpare in phase two signals that are the
Capacito r C l cha rges t hro ugh R I and same frequency but differ in phase. The
R I A until the breakdown of th e emitt er of output of the phase dete ctor is a noisy de
QJ occu rs causing the discharge o f C l signal that is filtered by an RC time co nst ant
thro ugh the emitte r-base 1 junction o f Q I . in the loop . This time co nstan t is mad e long
Once this occurs, the potent ial o f C I d rops enough so the loop exceeds th e repetition
and eventually th e cond uct io n sto ps and the rat e o f th e sy nc pulses by 10-25 tim es. The
cycle repeat s. Sync pulses are ad ded in at result is that th e loop ac ts like a very narro w
base 2 in order to cause the d ischarge to filt er and de velops a sta ble signa l base d on
occur a fract ion of tim e before the normal the average o f many receiver sync pulses.
discharge cy cling. Wh en no signals are being received, the raster
The o ut put of the unijunction t ran sist or continues to sweep at a frequency very near
is co nnec te d to the base of a silico n co n- the sy nc repetition rate.
tro lled rectifier (SC R) . Th is pulse causes t he
SCR to discharge fo r a perio d of time Driven swee p oscilla to rs can effec tively
determined by the charge sto red in C2 and utili ze so me kind of lo ck o ut monostable
the discharge time co nst ant. This is adjusted oscillat o r to prevent th e main monostable
to give the required pulse width . fro m triggering falsely o n noise spikes after
This pulse is used to discharge a capacitor the main monostable has recovered . The
C3 as discu ssed earlie r to create a sawtoo th sy nchro nized free running o scillat ors have
or ram p volta ge. so me basic immunity to noise since th ey can
o nly be sy nchro nized near the normal rep eti-
tion rat e.
This discussion o f popular slo w scan
STABIU ZEO SYNC.
FREQ. TO SAW- television circ uits will be co ntinued next
SY NC. TOOTH GEN.
'NPUT month. Among the topics to b e described
veo PH. are sweep drivers, su bcarrier generators,
on
limiters and discriminators. The design of
R active fit te rs for slow sca n use will also be
.l covered and a com plete regulated power
supply th at is suitable fo r solid state slo w
scan circ uitry will be presented .
Fig. 23 3 . Phase l ock loop. . . .W9NTP & WB 8DQT
78 73 MAGAZINE
GO FIRST CLASS WITH
WILSON ELECTRONICS
WILSON ELECTRONICS
present
-- - \- - -
/
. -
WA8Z0F
WI LSON M340 & M810 plus SIGNAL ONE'S CX7A
Wilson Electronics has gotten together with Signal One to make it easy to
own the best OX combination available. If you purchase a Signal One CX7A
from Wilson Electronics for $2395.00 we will give you a 6-element 20 meter
beam for $1.00. Now the 6-element 20 sells for $300. If you don't want a
6-element 20 meter beam, we will apply the same value- to any other
combination of antennas you want. Trade-ins also accepted. For a winning
deal call Jim Wilson at the number below.
WILSON ELECTRONICS
PO Box 116 Pittman Nev. 89044 (702) 457-3596
Dennis L . Benischek WB6CDU
8302 Rathburn Ave.
N orthridge CA 91324
FOR AN AM-FM tuner has several marked advan tages over the
co nven tio nal A M/ SSB receiver. First, since
it's FM to begin wit h , you' ll get the added
quieting and no ise su ppression that's lost in
80 73 MAGAZ INE
I
I oc.
I
'"' " ". M : RF I,. 0"' ........... t UNE
IJ: ~
I Y Y
I
G
'D
102 PRE . "'P
I
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~
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I I /
I
I O ,,4.sSIS S til[ l O
Ii G~O ,.
J
0.
,._Z
CR YSTAL
'"0
I), 4 70 .....
1/2 w
<.
-L
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the converter sh owing th e method of c onnectin g the modules.
As was men tioned , mo d ules are used to Co nstruct io n is sim ple. straigh t fo rward
th eir fullest exte n t to sim p lify cons tru ction and noncrit ical. The case used is a small cowl
and to eliminate th ose hard-t o-find parts. minibo x which measured 5 x lOx 7 .5 em. A
The unit is designed into three subassem blies shield is mounted across the preamp chassis
which are placed o n a sma ll chassis. An rf to suppress any unwanted FM broadcast
am p , mixer and oscilla to r make .u p the three signa ls. T he modules lay out is not particu-
modules. T he rf amp lifier used is ma nufac- larly critical, although the relative positions
tured by Vanguard Labs ( 196-23 Jama ica sho uld be fo llo we d for be st results. A
Ave., Hollis NY 11423). Their 102 preamp S0-239 is used for the antenna input, and a
has less than a 2 dB no ise figure with a phone connector is used for the converter's
power gain of 24 dB at 150 Mllz. The o utpu t. See the photograph for details.
preamp co mes from the fac tory tuned to t he The kits are easy to assem ble and go
freq uency o f y OU T choice wit h a bandwidth together without any problems. Entire con-
o f 2-4 MHz. Th is particular model uses a struc tio n tim e for th e OX and MXX-I take
neutralized J-FET. From the pream p , the about thirty-five minutes. On the OX board
signal is passed to a mixer stage where a 56 use the coil with the red dot. The MXX-I
MHz signal is injecte d fro m the local oscil- coil and capacit o r are the coil with the green
lator. Aft er converting the sign al do wn to dot an d the 4.7 pF capacito r. After co m-
the 88 - 108 MH z band , th e signa l appears at pleting the b oard s, double check your wir-
the tuner o utp ut jack. For example , if the ing, cspecial1y transistor pla cement. Make
input signal is at 144 MH z, th en the co n-
verter's o utput will be 88 MH z. The lower 300-,,-
part o f the FM dial was chosen because of
th e general lack o f s ta tions there. The o GND
stations that are present are mo stly lower
SHIELD
power and ed ucat io nal.
The mixer and oscillat o r kit s are fro m
International Cryst al (10 Nor th Lee,
Oklahoma City OK 73102). The MXX-I a nd TO CONVERTER
OX are the mixer and oscillator kit s resp ec- Fig. 2. To use coax with a 3 00Q jn pu t, connec t the
tively. Both are the HI kits with a 56.0 Mllz shield to cbsssls ground and th e center c on duc tor
EX crystal used in the oscillato r. t o one of the 300 [2 inpu ts.
FEBRUARY 1973 81
!
sure you have soldere d the termin als tha t are
LAMPKIN'S factory staked into the boards. Th e osc ula-
NEW FM AND AM tor an d mixer operate o n 6 V d e. A q uick
MODULATION MONITOR S check of oscilla to r o u tp u t ca n be pe rfo rme d
by using a field stre ng th meter o r by
measuring current flow in the collecto r.
Next mount th e b o ards and pream p using
the scre ws an d stand-o ffs sup plied . Co nnect
th e an ten na to the p ream p in pu t. If the
distance is over2 em use shielded cable. Now
con nec t th e oscilla tor rf ou tput to the
mi x er' s OSC inp u t with a sho rt piece of
wire . The mixer output uses RG 58 whi ch
goes to th e TU NER ja ck . Preamp "OUT" to
"rf" mix er input uses miniature coax cab le.
The o nly th ing left is for power, which is
prima rily 12V de for th e preamp and 6 V for
210M - $485.00 the mixer a nd osci ll ator. T he preamp is
con nec ted d irectl y to the 12V so u rce while
the mixer a nd osc illator receive their p ower
through a 470n re sist or.
Forty years of LAMPKIN know
Aft er all co n nect ions are made conn ect
how are designed into these new
an a nten na. Use coa x fo r the co nverter's
precise wide range, versatile FM
o u t pu t to th e tu ne r.
AND AM MODULA nON MONI-
With a signa l presen t o n the tuner. adjust
TORS.
the mixe r coil for max imum signa l. If the
tuner is no t equip pe d wit h a mete r, adjust
for maxim um quieting. Since th e out p ut is
untuned , some T V stations may be heard
alo ng with th e normal two met er activity.
This can be eliminated by using an 88 - 108
MH z bandp ass filter. Th ese are avail ab le
through mo st parts jo bbers . Here in th e Los
Angeles area, cha nnel 11 is weakly heard
aro und 92 MHz on th e FM dial.
Oscillat or stability is q uite go od. A ~A
whip brin gs in mo st of the statio ns th at my
co mme rcial unit receives. Coverage o f MARS
210S - $790.00 a nd the co m mercial band are an added
b enefit. Mobile t eleph one, fire and police
d ep art ments , and the government weath er
broa dcasts, a re all received with fu ll q u ieting
signal levels.
NOTE : A FEW OF THE FAMOUS The o nly p rob lem you may enco un ter is
LAMPKIN 205B DEVIA- low se nsitivi ty. This h appens o n so me o f the
TION METERS ARE o ld er tuners. If your tuner ha s an input
AVAILABLE AT $348 .00. sensitivity o f aro un d 2 p.V, no ad ded am plifi-
ca t io n shoul d be necessary . If not, add ing
WRITE OR CALL a no the r Int ern ational crystal module , the
LA MPK I N LABORATDRI ES INC. S AX- l rf amp li fier, between the conver ter
P.O. Box 2084 Dept. M a nd tuner, shou ld bring th e se nsit ivity u p to
Bradent on, Florida 33506 a resp ecta ble level.
Phone: 813-746-4175 . . .WB 6 CDU
82 73 MAGA Z INE
Will iam P. Turn er WAaABI
5 Ches tnu t Co ur t
Sa int Peters. M O 633 76
ALL PURPOSE
METERING CIRCUIT
co njunction with full-tim e meteri ng of the
T he builde r o f more co m plex equ ip-
ment is o ften fa ced wit h a choice o f
th ree evils, whet her to met er all circuits
most impo rta n t circuits it serves well.
As a t ypical exam ple . a linear am plifier
which should be metered with individu al migh t well have a plate cu rren t mete r plus
meters, with a single switched meter o r a second switc hab le meter which cou ld be
fo rget th e who le thing and tru st the eq ui p- used to monitor fila me nt , screen , plate ,
ment to perfo rm in a sat isfac to ry manner and bias volt age, screen cu rren t, relative
after initial adj ustm en t. Individ ual met er- po wer o r any d esired co mb inatio n . It will
ing is rath er ex pe nsive and sp ace-co nsu m- be no ted th at these voltages and cu rren ts
ing and mu st in most instances be co nfin ed are o f vario us po larit ies and magnitud es
to " price is no object " projects. Obviously , and may (as in te trode screen cu rren t ) be
lack of metering is an invitation to t rou ble , both positive and negat ive dependi ng u po n
expense, and wo rk, repairing and replacing ope rating co nditio ns. It would not be easy
ruined co m po nen ts . Swit ched metering too to design a co nve n tio nal switching circ u it
has its shor tcomings, bu t when used in capable of measuring all these pa rameters.
Th e easiest method of attacking this
pro blem is to install the m eter in a diode
brid ge in such a way as to cause an up scale
deflect ion no matt er which polarity is
app lied . By pro pe r selection of co mpo nen t
values it is possible to use the basic mete r
scale ti mes a fac tor for each fu nction. By
this I mean th e meter/brid ge asse mbly is
~---'I I[ mad e to read a se t value (o ne volt is handy)
and all in puts to the switch are arra nge d to
pro d uce th is voltage u nd er fu ll scal e co nd i-
tions o f th e range d esired . In the exam ple,
this syste m is used in co nj u nction with a
0 -1 rnA me te r move men t to read 50 rnA
OUTP\J T screen cu rren t. + 500V scree n vo lta ge, +
SWITCH POS ITION 250 0 high voltage, and - IOOV bias, not to
t. - eeccv men tio n rel ativ e power. The switc h is a
2. e eo mA
3. + !KlO V sim ple single pole , fiv e-positio n typ e . In
4 , - IOOV
~, REL . PW~ yo u r design let Ohms Law be yo u r guide
DIODE &RIOGE MAY BE A
PACKAGEO UNI T (MOTOROI..A and be su re to use a volt age divid er where
MDA SE ~I ES I OR INOIVIDUAL
SIL ICON DtO OE S - ~ PIV OR required to kee p su rges o u t of th e me ter.
GM"'TE~
Remem ber to o to use a non-shorting
Fig. 1. Diode bridge may be a packaged unit switc h t o prevent co n necting adjace n t cir-
(Mo torola MDS series ) or individual silicon di- cu it ry together while sw itching.
>
odes o f 50 PIV. . ..WAMBI
FEBRU AR Y 197 3 83
The Hams al
Healh/Schlumberuer*
have a
counler
oner:
If you want test gear
for the shack with
famous Heath quality and
performance at low mail order
funct ions. And it's only $795" . We also
prices, but don't have time to have a 200 MHz co unte r (our SM-110A ) for
build a kit, try us. just $495 " ... an 80 MHz model (SM-105A)
We' re Heath / Schlumberger Scientific In- fo r only $295" . . . and a scaler for $365"
st ruments, a d ivision of the Heath Com- that will extend the range of your present
pany .. . the kit people. If yo u hold a tic ket, counter to 600 MHz.
yo u' ve p robably heard of the H ams at We've got other goodies for yo ur shack
Heath. too : VOMs, DVMs, sco pes, gene rators,
But you've probably never heard of us. We power suppli es .. . textbooks on basic and
de al prim arily with industry, r&d labs and advanced electronics, digital techniques
colleges and universit ies. And we don't and co mputer log ic . .. a complete line of
make kits: we don't even make ham gear. plug-in digital and analog funct ion circuit
Wha t we do make is some of th e finest test card s . .. all designed and manufactured in
and desig n gea r on the market .. . all Iac- our own fac il ities ... but all with the famo us
tory assembled and tested .. . all spec ifi ca- Heath quality and val ue.
tion -guaranteed for one full year ... all sold Use the coupon below to send for our free
at low mail order pri ces. 1973 Electronic Instruments catalog now.
Our new SM-11 0C Frequency Coun ter pic- "The Hams at Heath/ Schlumberger: Chas,
tured above is a good exa mp le. It provides W8IAI ; Tom , W8JAN; Norm , W8EEF; Jerry,
600 MHz ran ge, 15 mV input sensit ivity, 7 K8KHS ; Bob , K9EQB /8 ; Bill K7IRC /8 ;
d ig it LED readout and total computer or Mike, WB8CDU: Dave, WB8DZR: Owen,
manu al remote control capabili ty for all K3SJL /8: Lee, WA8PHL; Ed, W8ZVO.
FRE E
r;;;;;;;j~,:';;;,;,-;.:";;;;;;;;;;;;;'';;;-
I Dept. 531-671
- ~-1
1973 I Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022 I
0 Please send 1973 Electronic Instruments catalog. II
Heath! I
I Name I
Schlumberger I I
Electronic I Add"" I
Instruments catalog _ i Cit, State Zip
Prices and specifications subject to change without notice.
I
I
send coupon now. I IJ
L *Mail order prices; F.O.B . factory. EK360
ncom ara ai r!
~- - -
Phone
six days
PAVNE RADIO Phone
Nites - Sundays
Box 525
(615) 3845573 (615) 3845643
Springfield. Tenn. 37172
,
James Smith K9VMH
400 North Hemlock Avenue
Wood Dale IL 60191
ARE t-E
I "\
B I I' ?
86 73 MAG AZINE
the gate voltage. As you can see , when the .,.
temperature is the colde st , the drain curre nt
is the highest at zero bia s, and when t he lOSS ' 6' lllA
10 ' 61 MA
cu rrent de creases.
If th e FET were biased at zero bias, the 4 1 0~
FEBRUAR Y 1973 87
resisto r in t he circ ui t until th e volta ge drop drawn b y th e pr evious FET. If th e c irc u it
across th e lo ad re sist or is 2.87 V. If yo u have draws more dra in c u rre n t than th e m aximum
t he curves for the F ET t h is ca n be dam: lOSS of t he rep laceme n t FET . yo u will have
simp ly hy findi ng out ho w m uc h bias is tro u b le.
need ed to limit the d rai n curren t t o arou nd The zero bias d ra in cur re n t o r I DSS ca n
this figure and. aga in u sing Ohm's La w, be help ful in ma ny. ways: fo r e xa mple . to
f igure out a sou rce resisto r wit h th e drain f in d the best o perat ing poi n t fo r a vf'o .
CUTTen t of .6 1 rnA a nd th e bias voltage . In m at ching a p air of F ET' s for a b rid ge c irc u it.
m o st cases it is m uch easie r t o u se a re sist or o r finding the be st o pe ra t ing point fo r an
su bst it u tion bo x o r a pot in the so u rce and ampli fier for best sta bili ty. In rf appli cations
adjust th e va lue u n til yo u fi n d th e voltage at th e FET is ideal and in m o st cases is b ia sed
th e drain lo ad re sistor t o be that whic h yo u at zero bias to get th e maximum gain from
have c alc ula ted. the circuit with an age volt age to co n t ro l the
If a lo w level signa l is to be amplif ied , a sign al level fro m t he st age. In a casca d e
F ET with a lo w lOSS ca n be used , but if a amp lifier th e upper FET m ust have an I DSS
high level o f signa l is t o be amplified , it is o f two to four time s t hat of lower FET.
mu ch better to use a F ET with a high lOSS The FET is the id ea l device to be used in
so that th e re sulting drain c u rre n t will allow rf amplifiers, vfo's, i-f circuit s, aud io stages ,
a greater swing and st ill remain in the linear and many o t he rs. Th e high input im pe uance
portion of the c u rve, as yo u would for a that c an be ac hieve d with the F ET a lso
tu be c irc ui t. A bo ve all, d o not a llow the mak es it the id eal d evi ce to be used in t est
F ET t o ru n a t a dra in cu rre n t a bove its equ ip me n t a ro u nd th e shac k. By using
norm al lOSS o r permanent damage to the Ohm 's Law and t he zero bia s drain curre n t
tran sist or will re su lt. If yo u are repla cin g a o r I DSS of th e F ET , these circ ui ts can be
FET in an e xis tin g ci rc u it, be su re to chec k mad e to perform with great sa tis fiac tio n a nd
t o see how mu ch drain cu rre n t was bein g very little trouble.
. .. K9VMH
Versatility plus! . . . in a
2 Meter 1M Transceiver
Over-the-shoulder , mob ile, or at home
Completely transistorized, compact, portable.
Capacity for 6 channels. Built-in telescoping
antenna, and connector for external antenna.
Use barefoot or with accessory amplifier. Ex-
ternal 12 voe or internal ni-ead batteries,
built-in 120 VAC battery charger.
Complete with: Dynam ic Mike, GENERA L: Freq. coverage : 144-148 MHz . 6 channels, 3
OTS Carrying Case, 120 VAC supplied Push-to-talk Xmit _ DC Drain: Rev, 45 rnA;
and 12 voe Cords, Speakerl Xrnit, 450 rnA . Size: 5-3/8" x 2-5/16" x 7- 1/8", 3-3/4Ib~
Headphone Plug and 10 NiCad RECEIVER : _ Transistorized crystal-controlled superhet . 1st
Batteries. IF: 10.7 MHz, 2nd IF : 455 kHz . Ant. Input Imped: 50 ohms
$199!~ur N. t
Sensi tivity : 1 IlV or less/20 d B S+N/N Audio Output:
0.7 W. Built-in spea ker.
TRANSMITTER. RF Output over 1 W Freq. Dev. adj. to
AA-22 Amplifier $149.95
15 k Hz max ., factory set to 5 kHz.
MMK22 Mobil. Mount $9.95
88 73 MAGAZINE
Gerald A. Po well K4EO E
R t. 11
Beatlyville KY 4 13 11
FREQUENCY COUNTER
INPUT CIRCUIT
H aving read with in te res t all the articles
in 73 and elsewhere o n digital fre-
quency cou nte rs, th e b ug fin ally got me
T he resu lt of my experiments wit h this
circ ui t are shown in Fig. 1. The re is no input
level cont ro l in th is circ uit. The sensitiv ity is
about three years ago. and I s ta rte d to build 10 dB bette r th an th e o riginal circuit using a
my o wn . It was a while before the fin ished pair of inverters as a shap ing circ uit . The
product finally emerged but I was happy input is protecte d from high level inp ut
with the result , learned a treme ndous signals and the input impedance is much
amo un t in the process, and couldn't live high er th an the original
without a " co unte r' any lo nge r. T he abse nce of an in pu t level control is
The purpose o f this article is to give the att ribu te d to th e com po nents associat ed
solu tio n to a p roblem I have a lways had wit h with the gate c irc uit of Q I . Resist or R 1 and
th e co unter a s o rigina lly buil t. Input im- capacitor C I coup le the in put signa l to the
pedance was o nly I Ok wh ich made it a bit gate of Q I. An in put sig nal of approxima te ly
low and cause d an upset to signal gene rator 32 m V is all that is required to drive the
ou tput and other circuits when the cou nter trigger circuit in a stable condition all the
was connected to them . Related to input way up to 10 MHz. If the input sig nal
was also the amount of signal required to becomes greater th an 2 volts p-p th e d iodes,
drive the counter a nd in a secondary way the D I and D2, will conduct and clip the in put
problem of always having to set the inpu t at this level. T his protects th e gate o f the
level. FET , Q I , and also eliminates th e need for an
I have tried several solutio ns to the in pu t level control.
problem but d id no t really get on the right The Ie is a Differential Voltage Compa ra-
track until I read th e " Digital Instrument s" tor. I used o ne o f the '3 for a dollar' Poly
article by Donald L. Steinbach in Electronics Pak 71 O's. T his unit is a 10 lead flat pack so
World Janu ary 19 71. Mr. Steinbach used a no t as easy to work with as the TO-99, but
diffe rentia l vol tage compara to r as a Schmi tt in the end ma kes a very neat circuit. F ig ure
trigger d riven by a FET. 2 gives the o utline details of th e 7 10 fIat pa ck
el +- 12V
100
C4
I
R2
10 M
R3 R6
410
01,02 - 1N914
R5
R4 18K
180
Fig. 1. Diagram of counter input circuit T he value of the resistor in parallel with C, at the input, is
l OOK, Th e value of R3 equals 1.8K.
FEBRUAR Y 19 73 89
and also of th e Me 170CG which is in a 370
TO-99 package Either will wo rk we ll in this
circuit and specifications are given for both
un its fo r reference purposes.
IC-I is hooked u p as a Schmitt tri gger.
When th e vo ltage o n th e sou rce of th e FET ,
QI , reach es th e upper trip point of abou t 7
mV th e Sch mitt trigger will lat ch o n. The ~
output will be driv en negative very quickly ~
by th e feedback ac tio n to th e non-inverting
86
inpu t (marked +).
The way th is work s is as follows , for
those of us wh o are new at these things. The
positive going input signa l is ap plied to the
" Inver ting" (-) in pu t. Th at is to say , the Fig. 3. Power supply circuit.
posit ive going signal will be am pli fied and
inverte d, th us be co ming a negative going
as possible. The o ther is th at th e value of R3
sign al at the output. This ' No n-inve r ting' should be chosen to give a zero voltage at
(+) input will amp lify whatever signal is
the so urce of Q I with no sig nal input. This
applied to it and be in th e same phase at the value can be found by ex periment or a Ik
output. Since this is th e feed back point in resist or used with a I o r 2 k trim co ntrol in
o ur circ uit th e o rigina l inpu t signal, inverte d, series to set th e co rrect value. The value will
is fed to th is n on-in verting in put, amp lified be be twee n I and 2k and is almost exac tly
and comes from th e o utput even more 1.8 k o n my u nit
negative. The resu lt is a very fast switchi ng There is a d rawback to build ing such a
action and a beautiful squa re wave, as the IC circ uit un less you alrea dy hap pen to have
is driven into sa tu ratio n in each direction , to the voltages requ ired . You need + 12V and
apply to ou r co unte r circ uits. - 6 V. In my fre quency cou nte r I o nly had a
The reverse ac tio n is tru e also . As th e 6V tran sforme r with a bridge rectifi er to
input swings in the negative direction th e supply th e +6 V and th e regula ted +3 .5V .
output will switc h int o th e positive direc- The best solu tion is given -in Fig. 3. The
tion. The voltage required to overcome the tran sform er is 12.6V cen te r tapped. The
actio n in o ne direction and reverse it in to bridge rectifier is actually two full wave
the opposite direc tion is the hysteresis rectifiers no w. One half supplies the +6V as
voltage and de termin es th e minimum signal previo usly req uired and the other half sup-
at the source of the FET which will trigger plies the - 6 V whic h is filte red and zener
the IC. The hysteresis voltage in th is circ uit regulated for th e Ie. A voltage doub ler is
is ab out 20 t o 30 mV.There are two cautio ns used to ge t + 12V fro m o ne h alf of the
to tak e into consideratio n when buil ding the tran sform er secon dary, and since the oscil-
circuit. One is that th e bypass capac itors C2 lator in th e counte r uses +9V, this is also
and C3 should be mounted as close t o the IC zener regulate d from this doubler o utp ut. It
is a good thing to use I J1F ta ntalu m
.~4
capacitors o n all su pp ly outp uts to prevent
noise feedback from o ne supply voltage to
7 rl"--aJTPUT the next.
NC
+IZV ]f you don't have a freque ncy cou nter
+ 12 V
2 NC yet, you should be working on it. Read all
I
NC the articles and ads , wo rk up th e old gray
matter, spend a hund red buc ks and have the
I BOT TOM VIEW l
SL7168
tim e of your life with o ut even going FM!
(POLY PAK 71 0 ) (And you will find man y uses for it there , as
well .}
Fig 2. Base d iagrams. . . .K4EOE
90 73 MAGAZI N E
Jerry Copeland W8FJA
3 254 0 Stricker Drive
Warren M I 48 0 93
Th e tran sist or with the ring aroun d it is th e driv er (Q28 ) th at we are going to change. To gain access [0
the foil side o f the transmi tter board, we turn the rig over an d rem ove th e receiver board.
FEBRUAR Y 19 73 91
,
goo d luck with it ever since. l it: co nvi nced
me, so like Roger. I cha nged my ow n sho rtly
after I got h o me .
The d rive r tra nsistor 0 28 is re placed wi th
a HEP-7 5 th at is availa hle everywhe re. and
th en th e coils o n ea ch side of it arlo.' peak ed
with th e h elp o f a Bini Wattm et e r. Wi th j ust
three so lde r co nnec tio ns and a littl e twe ak-
ing, y ou hav e inc rease d th e powe r out fro m
1.7 to 2. 7W.
I h ave tak en a series of pic tures to show
h ow littl e o f the rig mu st be dismantled to
gain cccess to the board fo r the ac tual
so ldering. In compact rigs lik e th e T R-22.
this is an impo rta n t co nside ra tion, as you
1 don 't want to put trouble into th e rig by
92 73 MA GAZ IN E
The transm itter board is illustrated in the owner 's manual with the foil side showing how ac tu al
oonneations are made. Here a circle has been drawn aro und Q 2 8 to show the three connections wn ere
the present transistor is removed and the new one su bsti tu ted.
The finger poin ts to the sam e place on the ac tual board in the TR22.
FEBRUARY 1973 93
94 73 MAGAZINE
f
j
This photo an d the next one show that a higher With th e n ew driver transistor installed, the power
input to an am plifier like th e TPL S02R will y ield a from th e amp lifier increases to abou t 49W.
higher o u tp ut. Here th e TR 22, as it comes from
Drake, will h ave an o u tpu t of 4 2W, with the aid of
the TPL.
Remo ving the old tra nsistor and solderi ng fac tory . It shou ld also be borne in mind th at
in the new o ne are done in the same man ner if you r rig is less t han 90 days old and
as routine soldering jobs. Since the transis- t herefore st ill under warra nty, it wou ld not
to rs fi t flus h to the circuit boards, the re is be wise to make this or any other mod ifica-
n o roo m fo r using cla mps to h eat si nk the t ion. No ma tter what you buy today , the
con nect io ns while solde ring . Yo u should warrant y will be vo id when any unau thori-
have no trouble here provid ing th e iro n is zed repairs o r modifications are mad e to th e
ap plied to each terminal o nly long enough to product.
make the co nnect io n. Batt ery life of th e nicad s is shorte ned by
T he two coils to be peaked are TC-27 and the in creased ou t pu t as it natu rally takes
TC-28 and are plainly mar ked o n the boa rd . more power. While this is difficult to
Alte rna ti ng back a nd fo rt h between the two measure , it has bee n estimated by my
as t he Bird mete r is wa tch ed for its high est use - and some others that I know who have
o utput reading will complete the job. done t heirs - to be approximate ly 25% less.
For our tests a nd pho tos, I used a regu lar For anyo ne who would find th is to be
12V au to motive battery for the p ow er confining to their o pe ratio n, the o riginal
so urce, and had the ca r e ngine running at nicads could be re placed with so me 500 mil
fast idl e to in sure max imu m voltage and nicads and this wo uld increa se the battery
current available. While it is best to show life by about 10%.
examp le s like this in terms of ma ximu ms , it If you o wn a T R-22 , th e decision to make
sho uld be re mem bered tha t t he real benefits the modificat ion sho uld be ma de based o n
to raising po we r o utp ut in sma ll amo unts is yo ur o wn particu lar ty pe of ope ratio n. For
in t he lo west ra nges, or when ope rati ng portable an d mobile use barefo oted , it al-
portable on t he self-co ntained nicad s. most do ubles your effective ran ge . If you
T he re are several Class C amplifiers avail- wo rk into a variable input am p lifier, yo ur
able to use with the sma ller rigs like the increase will be in the vici nity of 16 to 20%.
T R-22. Dra ke offers th eir ow n AA-2 2 for My o wn expe rie nce has pro ven it to be
25 W o u t, and the AA-1O for l OW. If you worthwhile , a nd in the six mon th s since I
make this modification , yo u will nul be able hav e done it , I have fo und no reason to wish
to use the new am p as it has a fix ed input to t hat I had not made th e modification.
mat ch th e TR-22s as th ey come from th e . ... W8fJA
FEBRUAR Y 19 73 95
INOUE COMES TO ADIRONDACK RADIO SUPPLY, INC.
T. Inoue. President of INOU E Commu nication Equ ipment Corp .. of Osaka. Japan, and Don Spech t, export
manager of t he same f irm, are showing Howard Hinkle, President of A di rondack Radio Supply, some o f the
many fea t ures o f the inco mparab le INOUE IC2 1 2 me te r FM transceive r.
Today why not check personally t he many exci ting feat ures th e IC-21 offers, such as:
.24 channel capabilit y . Front panel - P.A. tune co ntro l . Sepa rate S and disc riminator
mete rs. R. I. T. cont rol on rece ive (either o ne watt or t en watt output) . Rem ote VFO
plug . 12 Vol t DC o r 1 10 Vo lt AC ope rat io n . Crystal s supplied in 4 channe ls . AC/OC
cable suppl y
These and many other features are part o f the INOU E IC-2 1 imported by us di rectly.
Shown bel ow is t he latest addition to the INOU E line . the IC21 receivi ng VFO . It p lugs d irect ly into the
IC2 1. T h is com bina tion we are offering at a SPECIAL INT RO DUCTO RY PR ICE. Th ese two uni ts can be
pu rchased at only S450. 00. Thi s is a saving o f SS9.DO over the single lot price of 5399.50 fo r t he IC2 1 and
$109 .50 fo r the tC-21 VFO .
PART I
/' 1
'" \
rJ'te fo llowi ng dis cussion o f tran sistor rf have largely repla ced vacuum tubes in co m-
~ power amplifiers assumes the reader mercial and amat eur VHF mobile transmit-
kno ws his alphas and betas of transist or ters at power levels up to 100 watts or so.
theory . He may also have had some experi- Their co mp actness and high overall efficie n-
ence with transistors in aud io and sma ll cy more than co mpensates for their high
signal appJi cations. The experience will have first cost. But, excep t in specialized applica-
conditioned him to th e imp ortance o f pro- tion s, rf tran sistors q uic kly price them selves
tec ting transistors from excessive voltage and o ut of the market a t power levels above a
hea t. Bu t transistors perform so mu ch differ- few watt s in eq uipment o pera ted from the
ently as rf power amp lifiers than they do in co mmercial power lines.
other applications that the previous exper- As sta nda rd automobile and aircraft bat-
ience is no t essential to und ersta nd the teries deliver nomin al voltages of 14 and 28
discussio n. volts, it is hardly co incidental that most rf
Figure I is the diagram o f a typical power transistors are designed to o perate at
transistor rf power amp lifier. Transist o rs these voltages. Incidentally , th e 28 volt
2N~~90 .01 L2 L3
LI
CI RFC C2 C3
RFC
.I
13.6V
FEBRUAR Y 1973 97
I
0660
Jn6usfro
H.1. is having an 8t SALE - to help you shop by mail, this and every
month. 8t (for a stamp) will buy any help that I can prov ide to make your
hobby more enjoyable. How can I help YOU ?
The H.I. -SAVINGS PLAN can save you big money too. Ask about it!
73,
Bank-Americard
AI McMillan. W0JJK Master-Charge
transi st ors are appreciably more efficen t and the tra n sistor manufa cturer using pulse te ch-
co st less, watt per watt , than the 14 volt niques . For the user, however, V'C'Cmax is
units. usually a mo re useful figu re . VCC max is the
Virtually all mod ern rf power transistors max im u m safe de voltage t hat ca n be app lied
are silicon NPN's and are usually o perated in between the co llecto r and the emitter o f a
the co mmo n emitter co nfigu ra tio n. Early rf tran sistor under any con ditio n of operation .
po wer tran sist ors were easily destroyed by Typical rated d c VCC max values are 80%
mo mentary overloa ds, t ran sients, and st res- o f BVceo fo r co nt inuo us wave (CW) and
ses developed in tun eup o pe ra tio ns. Newe r frequ ency modulated ( F M) services and half
unit s will not take unlim it ed abu se, but they that valu e for high -level amplitud e-modu-
are more rugged than th e old er ones ; so me lated ( AM) service .
of them will even su rvive being o perated as Also critical is the transistor base-to-
rated voltages and rf drive int o an open lo ad emitter voltage. It has a b reak dow n rat ing of
circuit for at lea st a sh o rt time . three to five volt s for virt ually all rf power
tra n sistors. Fortu nately , base voltages are
normally quite low in properly o perated
O pe ra ting Pa rame ters amplifiers. In class-C amplifiers, for examp le,
In qu ic k review, th e more important the base is o ft en grounded for d c through a
tran sist or o pera tin g pa rame te rs are voltage, low-re sist ance rf cho ke, o r the base may be
po we r ou tp u t , heat d issip at ion, fre que ncy , sligh tly reverse biased fo r highe st amp lifier
and p ower gain. Of these , excessive voltage is ou t pu t. Con versely, transistor rf linear am-
mo st d an gerous to tran sist o r life . A momen- plifiers {class-B service) are often sli gh tly
tary voltage ove rlo ad o f 25 % ma y d estroy a forwa rd biased for lo west distortio n.
tran sist or. As forward bias increases steady collec to r
BV ceo - breakdown vo ltage , co ll ec to r to dire ct cu rren t rap id ly, it may be necessary to
emitter, ba se ope n - defines an absol ute redu ce the co ll ec to r d e volt age som ew hat to
emitter p eak voltage rating esta blishe d by prevent exce ssive tran sist or heating , curren t
98 73 MAGAZINE
" ru n-a way," and "second breakdow n" whe n Gain , freque ncy , and stability : The cur-
the tra nsistor base is forward biased . rent gain o f a transis tor is usually measured
Po wer input and heat : Each transistor has at a frequency of I kHz. As illust rated in
a maximum dissipation rating ; but, in most Fig. 2, however, the gain varies wit h frequen-
u nits, the maximum rating applies only if cy. The shape o f the gain-freque ncy curve is
heat sinks or other precautions keep the similar for all transi stors, although the fre-
transistor case temperature to a maximum of quencies involved may be differe nt.
25 deg rees, cen tigrade . Higher case tempera- Following the curve , the I kHz current
tures require reducing the power input. gain remains essentially co nstant as t he
imp roved case cooling, o r grea ter tran sist or freque ncy is increase d unti l a knee in the
ou tput efficie ncy. curve is reached. T he poin t in the knee
In itself, th e maximu m dire ct curre nt where the transistor cu rre nt gain has
ratin g of a tran sist or is seldo m too im- d ropp ed to 70.6% of its 1 kHz value is called
portant , as o ther maximums are usually the transist o r "cu t-off freq uency ." In te r ms
reached befo re ma ximum current flows. As a of po wer, th e point rep rese nts a 3 dB loss in
matter of interest, ho we ver, peak rf collec tor gain . Beyond the k nee of the cu rve , the
cu rrents in power amp lifiers are normally transistor current gain decreases at the rate
three to four times th e indicated de value. of 50% per octave.
Current ru naway : All transistors tend to In applications (such as high-fidelity
draw increased current as they become amplifiers) where uniform amplificatio n of
ho tt er. And as the cu rrent increases, the frequen cies over many oc taves is required, a
tra nsistor gets ho tter , and so o n . Normally, cut-off frequency at lea st as high as the top
current and temperature values rapidly stabi- frequency to be amplifi ed is required. While
lize. But if the transistor o verheats, current many power tra nsistors have low cut-off
increases so rapid ly that the tra nsistor may frequen cies, it is no t diffi cult to find audio
be destroyed. power transistors wit h cu t-off freque ncies of
So met hing like cu rren t ru naway but more arou nd 20 k Hz.
rapid is "second brea kd o wn. " It results from It is difficult , however, to co nstruct
th e emitter current being conce ntra te d in a tra nsistors tha t h ave bo th high- po wer capa-
sma ll area of the emitter to prod uce a bilities and high cut-off fr equ encie s. Conse-
pin-h ole sh ort in th e e mitte r junction. que n tly, po wer tran sistors with cu t-off fre-
Second breakd o wn pro blems increase with q ue ncies are very rare; nevertheless, tra nsis-
frequency and seem particula rly trouble- tor rf po wer amplifiers for freq uencies up to
some in single sideband amplifiers. an d above 500 MHz are common. Obviously ,
One way to co ntrol seco nd breakdown in
rf power tra nsistors is " balanced-emitt er"
construction . It co nsists o f dividing the
transistor emitter in to up to I00 or more
segments an d connecti ng the segmen ts to- j t---~--'
l: _.""1/,","
L ......
get her via internal, low-o hmage resistors. As .. <>l _'0 ,. ......."".
F EBRUARY 1973 99
tran sist o rs are useful far ab ove their cut-off Wh y the freq uency Ft is called the
frequen cies. The story is th is : " current gain bandwid th prod uct :" Assume
Abo ve its cu t-off fre que ncy, the curre nt that a transisto r has a current gain o f 1 dB at
gain of a tran sistor co ntinues to de crease at 400 MH z. One times 400 MH z eq uals a
the rat e o f 3 dB pe r octave (eq uivalent to a 6 produ ct of 400 MH z. At 200 MHz (o ne
dB decrease in po wer gain) until the curre nt oc tave lo wer 10 freq uency) the tran sist or
gain has decreased to unity o r 0 dB . The curren t gain is 2. Two times 200 MH z eq uals
freq ue ncy at which th e cu rre nt gain d ro ps to 400 MH z. at 100 MHz. the product is 4 X
o dB is called t he " current-gain. bandwidth J 00 MH z = 4 00 Ml-l z, etc. As power varies as
product ," fo r the reasons illust rate d, and is to th e squa re of the current, the power gain
identified by th e symbol Ft. I of th is hypo th etical tra nsistor is 4 (6 dB ) at
Althou gh the tra nsisto r gain varies in- 200 MH z and 16 (12 dB ) at 100 MHz.
versely with freque ncy above its cut-off Coupli ng circuits: A tra nsistor o r tube is
freque ncy, a co nvent ional signal is so nar- useless as an rf amplifier withou t means of
row , compared to an octave. on frequencies co upling power into and ou t of it. To do the
above a MH z or so that all compo nen ts of job efficien tly. the coupling devices must
th e signa l are amplifie d eq ually . On the match the impedan ces of the transist or or
o ther han d, the fa ct that tran sistor gain does the tube to its source and load impeda nces.
decrease above its cu t-off frequency is o ne In the process, the co upling circuits provide
rea son tha t rf power amplifiers are prac tical. selec tivity to preve nt disto rtio n prod uc ts
You see, th e dynamic characte rist ics of gen erated in th e amplifier fro m reaching its
large-signal transistors cha nge so rad ically load - especially important when the load is
during each opera ting cycle that neutrali- an a ntenna.
zation to co ntrol self-oscillations in tr ansis- An o u tput circ uit Q of 10 to 12 is usua lly
tor rf po wer amplifiers is ineffective . But su fficien t in vacuum tub e rf amp lifiers. But
experience h as shown th at , if power gain is rf power transistors normally gen erate more
held to a maximum of app ro ximately 15 dB dist ortion produ cts th an tu bes do ; the refo re
per sta ge, a well-d esigned tran sistor rf power high er Q , resulting in greater selec tivity , is
amplifier is stable without neutralization. desirable in tran sistor co upling circ uits.
Power gain is co ntrolled by selecting a S imp Ie parallel-reson..nt or pi net
transistor that is o pera ting approximat ely co u pling cir cuits normally work well with
two oc taves below its Ft frequency . Co m- the high imped ances of vacuum tub es. But
mercial practic e is to aim for a gain of tran sistor impedances are so low th at other
aro und 10 dB per stage for a typical transis- types of co upling circui ts are desired in rf
tor; so that inser ting a particul arl y " ho t" power amp lifiers. A sim ple L netwo rk , for
tran sist or in the amplifie r will no t push the exa mple, can be designed to match virtually
stage into instability. any resist an ce o r im pedance to virtually any
As mo st co mmercia l and military mobile o ther im ped an ce or resistance . Unfortu-
services o perate o n freq uencies above 100 nately , whe n the ratio bet wee n the tw o
MH z, mo st rf power transistors are designed im peda nces or resistances is lo w. the resul-
to o pera te at these freque ncies. As a result . tan t Q of the L network is lo w.
Fo r tunately , two or mo re net wo rks may
their power gain s are embarrassingly high at
be co mbined to obtain the desired Q and
frequencies below 30 MHz. Nevertheless. a
imped an ce ma tch . In Fig. 1, fo r example,
number of audio and switc hing tran sisto rs
the input circuit is a sim ple L netwo rk. and
with Ft.'s bet wee n 10 and 100 MH z wo rk
the outp ut circuit is a co mbine d L-pi net-
satisfa ctorily as rf power am plifie rs in the
work.
lo wer-frequ en cy ama teur ba nds. T he seco nd part of this articles continues
the discussion , of the design of transisto r rf
1. T h e tra nsis tor.rill h as power ga in at freque ncy
ft . even thouR h its current gain is unity there. T his power am plifiers. It also contai ns all co m-
follows because the transistor output resis tance is ponent values fo r practical transisto r ampli-
,reater th an its input resis ta nce. T his fact is of
min or importance. except w he n a n e ffor t is m a ck fiers fo r the amateur freq uencies between
to m ak e a tran sisto r operate a t the highe st possible 3.5 and 148 MH z.
freq u e n cy. . . .W9EGQ
100 73 MAGAZ IN E
rlee Ueed
New lower quantity prices on RF powe r t ransistors allows us to offe r th e
sa me q ua lity tra nsmitter for only ..$29.95 . .
A one watt exciter using four A F transistors, two diodes. and one in tegrated circuit . The R F
tra nsis tors are operating welt below their ratings allowing long keying pe riods wi t hout damage. The
exciter may be used alone as a transmitter or with o u r PA 144 o r 220 amp lifier for a fiftee n watt
station.
VHF ENGINEERING
1017 CHENANGO ST. BINGHAMTON NY 13901
John A. Houser WB2GQY
POWER INDICATORS
h e major appeal to the amateur - as Table I lists mo st of th e co mmo n ty pes
T well as some comme rcia l applica-
lions - of light bulbs as rf power indicators
of electric ligh t bulbs readi ly available. O ne
look at this table immediately reveals why
is low cost. To this must be added the such light bulbs might not be such good rf
universal availability of bulbs and screwbase power indicators as some fo lks may have
sockets for pennies. thought they were in the past. It also reveals
As low cost is of primary interest to well that some very special precautions have to
over 50% of those interested in any project, be taken in using them, or the user may find
and as I have always had an insatiable desire he has overloaded his transmitter and bu rned
to find out the why's and wherefore's of up a few compone nts which might be
standard light bulbs as rf power in d icato rs , I expe nsive to replace.
decid ed it migh t be the op portune ti me to
do a resarch project and dete rmine once a nd The extre mely high ratio of cold to hot
for all just whic h bulbs might be suitable and fila me n t resistance in all types of these bul bs
which might no t be, and also to determine immediately struck me as being the mo st
whether light bulbs would make good rf undesirable factor in using them.
power indicators, or poor, and to find out
what precautions might have to be taken if It is very easy to see, for instance, that if
one decided he was going to take this one wished to use a 250W bulb for indi-
lo w-co st path of determining his transmitter cation on a 250W transmitter, and he com-
out put power rather than go for a more pu ted the resista nce at 250W to be 53U,
expensive power output meter. (whic h it is, bu t only whe n hot), he wou ld
Also, powe r outp ut mete rs in th e h igh er ass u me he had just abou t a perfec tly
wattage ranges beco me q uit e expensive com- ma tched ind ica tor to plug in in place o f h is
pare d to the $2 to $5 which might be 52.5U reed line .
expe nded in a light bulb indicator. In However, from this table, it is apparent
general, porcelain screw bases are available that this 53n resistance is attained only at
for from 12 to 25 each, and bulbs from full brilliance and wattage, and the actual
15 to 65 each, and not more than four of cold resistance is only 3.5Q. In other words,
each are necessary for up to 3 KW power if the bulb were connected to the antenna
indication. terminals of the tra nsmitter, and the trans-
Table 1
Variation in Resistance , Cold to Hot State,
Common Variety of Electric Light Bulbs.
Bulb Rating Cold Hot Ratio
Watts Filament Filamen t Cold to Hot
At 115V Resistance Resistance Filament Res.
IAppro x. 1
7.5 166 1750 1 to 10
25 40 529 1 to 13
40 27 331 1 to 12
60 20 219 1 to 11
100 9 132 1 to 15
150 6 83 1 to 14
200 4.5 65 1 to 14
250 3.5 53 1 to 15
500 2 26 1 to 13
7 50 1+ 17.7 1 to 15
Table 2
Possible Configu rations for Various POYWr Outputs
at Various Impedance T erm inations
A . - Nominal 70 to 73n Imped an ce Loads:
175W Load : 3-60W bu lbs in para llel t 73nl
OR
7- 25W b ulbs in p aralle l nOn)
3,OOOW Load:
4 - 750W bulbs in ser ies l 71n)
,
tra nsmitt er to which such circuit we re con- For instance . a SOOW bulb co nnected to the
nected . II SV mains should show the same brilliance
In the co urse of my prepa ration of this as o ne of the SOOW bulbs as used in the I
article , I discu ssed the ra mifications wit h a KW load .
num ber of interested hams. Some of them Actua lly a transmitte r supposedly pu tting
suggested I exte nd the research to inclu de o ut 2,OOOW PEP is putting out some thing
the use of the smaller types of indicat o r less th an I,OOOW wit h average voice mod u-
(pil ot) bulbs as load s for testing out trans- lation : it would be more of the o rde r of
mitters wit h powe r ou tputs in the I W to SOO-750 W average power. Reme mber that
20 W ran ge, not o nly just fo r amateur ap- the light bu lb is o nly go ing to show average
plications. bu t also with a view to using po wer outp ut , no t peak, and as ha m tra ns-
them as loads in testing F M tran smitters. mitters are limited to I ,OOOW de inpu t to
When one considers that there are well the final am plifier, o ne canno t expect much
over 100 type s of these small bulbs, rated more than 500 - 750W out put (average) u n-
from .0 0 I W to 2W, and if all of these were less the efficiency of the final amplifier stage
to be considere d individ ually , it could ta ke a approac hes 85 % whic h is very un usual,
vast amoun t of time - and eventu ally o ne alth ough I am heari ng late ly that cert ain
would end u p with perhap s only five or so of high -power t ran sistors are in develo pment
these bulbs that would be at all suitable, so which will deliver such high e fficiency
such research was no t inc luded in this figures; a bit above th at which hereto fore
article . However it did ope n u p a fie ld in has been obtainab le wit h tubes. You should
which there may be a dema nd fo r informa- be hearing a lo t mo re about these super-
tio n and may be the subjec t of a subsequent efficiency tra nsistors in the near fut ure ; and
article . I expect them to be appearing in certain ham
Frequency Ran ges transmitters within a year or so.
The use of standard screw-base ceramic or Naturally a CW transmi tte r with the final
steatite porcelain ligh t bu lb sockets is en- o perated Class C may deliver as much as
tirely feasib le for all of the configura tio ns 850 W with I ,O OO W de inp ut , while a DSB
sho wn and will handl e all ama te ur bands, tran smitte r o n phone co uld not be expec ted
160 through 10. Naturall y the lead s from to deliver more than 65 0 W with Class A o r B
soc ket to socke t shou ld be as sho rt as modulation.
possib le in either th e series and /or parallel The research and co nclusio ns I reached
configuratio ns. I fou nd th ese lead s can be o n t his project brought to mind the old
kept to approximate ly 2 cm for such inter- subject of using light bulbs in series with
co nnectio ns. Likewise , the coax termination primaries of tra nsformers to reduce t he
lead should be kept to 2 em or less . seco ndary output voltages, which is a trick
If ext ra precautio ns as to lead lengths are which has been used for years by hams and
o bserved , and the bases of the bulbs re- others. The in formatio n co ntained herein
mo ved to enab le co nnectio ns directly to the indicates they are no t o nly qui te su itable fo r
stem wires, it would appear reasona ble to suc h usage , but in fact ma ke q uite ideal
suspect that th ese bulbs might be used for 6, voltage regulato rs of a so rt.
5, and perhaps 2 meter ba nds, but it is also In fac t, t he q ues tio n imme dia tely arises as
q uite eviden t t he 2 me te r band would be the to why bulbs wo uld not make rat her ideal
practical Iimi t. voltage regu lato rs for high voltage su pplies if
One should be able to conjecture that used as a variable-resistance de regulator in
light bu lbs as power rf indica tors are not the de leg. This again ope ns up a field which
quite the equal of we ll-designed power out- mig ht bear intense investigatio n.
put meters which maintain their rated im- . . .WB 2GQY
pedances over a very wide power o utp ut
range - bulbs do no t - bu t then, th ey are
1So lid Dielectric R F Transmission Lines, W81.UQ,
cheap in compa rison. Radio Ne ws Oct. 194 6.
Visual co mpar iso n of brightness is com- Line Ma tching: Ta ble of Po we r and Voltage Loss in
pletely satisfac tory fo r compariso n purposes. DB,Rad io News Feb. 194 7.
104 73 MAGAZ IN E
Robert D. Streeter W0IQI
2917 Westbro ok, Apt. 412
Fort Wayne IN 46805
ECONOMY FI LTERS
FOR THE
COLLINS 75A4
he Collins 7 SA4 ama teu r ba nd receiver, standard minibox . The i-f tran sformers were
T although it is o ver ten years old , is o ne
of the best pieces of amateur equipment
used be cause the stee p skir ts of a mechanical
filt er were judged an expensive luxury for
available I . The selec ti vity is co ntrolled by this application . Broad band mechanical
mechanical filt ers. Usually just the 3 k Hz filt ers are available in eco no my case co nfigu-
mechanical filte r is supplied . leaving po si- rations.
tions available fo r two additional filters. A savings of at least S IS should be
Collins Radio still manufactures mechani- r eali zed by co nst ructi ng a case for
cal filt ers specifically for the 7SA4 with F4 55FA05 filter. Installing this filter and a
bandwidths from several hundred Hert z (for plug in a minibox should take a few hours at
CW use) to tens of kilohert z (fo r AM o r mo st. A savings of up t o $SO sh ould be
other wide band sign al use). A worthwhile realized by co nstr uc t ing a broad filter from
savings may be o btai ned by purchasing
filters in economy case co nfigu ra tions and
making a suitable adapter for the 7S A4 . 0
, ,, "
,
- - ,- -' ,
- - \ /
S",A RP
C.f \, /
0
I; ,
\,
r.' r-, ----- '0 0 ,
-"J,-- I /
0
Fig. 1. Sharp filter with 500 Hz bandwidth . Fig. 2. Results with clifferent filters. A = 500 Hz
bandwidth filter; B = 3.1 Hz bandwidth ; C= the
I QST Nov. 66. page 53. broad filter described.
i-f transformers. The co nst ruct io n t ime is statio ns are not always exactly o n freque n-
probably double t hat of the sharp filte r. cy . It also mak es AM signals more under-
T he resu lts obtai ned are shown by t he standabl e t han the 3.1 k Hz fi lter.
acco mpa nyi ng gra ph. Curve A is th e 5 00 li z The circ uitry is q uite sta nda rd , and is
band width filter , Curve B is the sta ndard 3. 1 sho wn in t he accompanying figu re. T here
Hz ba ndwidth Colli ns filter su pplied wit h should be no de current flowi ng through t he
the 75A4 , and Curve C is the broad filter. mechanical filter input and o ut put windings.
Each curve has bee n shifted vertica lly so th at It is my understa ndi ng tha t a mod ification
its peak in o utpu t lies o n the a dB line. With of earl y 75 A4 receivers is necessary t o
respect to the 3 .1 Hz filte r, t he 500 Hz filt er preve nt this. The input and outpu t shou ld be
output was 8 dB higher and t he broad filter we ll shielded from each other.
outpu t was 4 dB lower, each having the same T he broad filt er co nsists of th ree Miller
input level. IO-C-I 4 55 k Hz i-f t ransformers series co n-
T he increased sto p-ba nd feed th rough nected . Bo th the inp ut and ou tpu t circ uits
level o n t he sharp filte r may be d ue to signal float. There are no chassis ground co nnec-
leakage arou nd the filter, or it may just be tio ns made insi de the filter case . T he inter-
the filter characteristics. Relatively t he same stage cou pling ca pacito rs were selected to
co ns tructio n techniq ue was used in t he sharp give th e same o utput level as t he 3 .1 kH z
and broa d filters. Note t he ex tre me at tenua- mechan ical filt er. Increa sing the capacity
tion achieved at points by the broad filter. will increase t he o utpu t level (to a point). A
These measurements were made by first broader response may be o btained by using
calib rati ng the s-metcr of a 75A4 against a fewer tra nsformers, o r by increasing the
set o f a ccurat e atte nua to rs. A ca libration cou pling capacity to get a dou ble-peak ed
curve was thus ob tai ne d fo r the s-me ter ove rco upled response , o r both . I have no t
readings. A fixed signal was t he n t uned in, tried overcoupling t he transformers, so their
and t he s-meter readings were plo tt ed as a be havior in this respect is u nknown . The
fu nct io n of receiver t uning above and belo w maximu m possible band width may be ob-
th e fixed input. tained with a sim ple R-C-R co upling net-
T he performan ce of t he filte rs has been wo rk. 2
fou nd to be very good over seve ral yea rs of The cases were made fr om I 1/ 8 x 2 1/ 8
use . T he red uced loss of the sharp filter, by 3 1/4 mini boxes. The co mpo nents were
toget he r with its narro w bandwidth, mak es mounted o n a co ppe r bracke t t he wid th o f
it very pleasan t t o use. The bro ad filt er has th e minib o x ( I 1/ 8 ) whic h was th en instail ed
bee n useful fo r VHF work, where netwo rk in the minibo x. A keyway hole was punched
for a 9 pi n Vector plug. T he keyway mu st be
ca refu lly aligne d so t he plug will fit in t he
A4 socke t with the minibo x sit t ing sq uarely
L :- -. 2 / 0 1/ 0 1/0
in place. The retain er clip for the Vec tor
plug was made fro m scrap metal, although
t~\
/ ~
r; o ne may be available.
\'0/~~:
;::H . . .W\l IQI
/ ,
"
, "
-- ~ ifb'
.. '
'
106 73 MA GAZ IN E
STEP UP TOTELREX
Professionally Engineered Antenna Systems
Single transmission line "TRI-BANO"' ARRAY"
By the only test that means anything . . . weight and exce ptiona l strength
on the air comparison ... this array con- to weight ratio
tinues to outperform all competition .. . Stainless steel electrical hardware
and has for two decades. Here's why With a Telrex T ri-band Array you get 49
.. Telrex uses a uni que trap design Ibs. of educated alumin um engineered
employi ng 20 HiQ 7500V ceramic con- and built to provide ma ny, ma ny years
densers pe r antenna. Te lrex uses 3 opt i- of performa nce unmatche d aro und t he
mum -spaced, optimum -tuned reflectors world by any other make. Longest ele-
to provi de maximum gain and true FIB ment 36 ft. Turning radius 20 ft. Shi pping
Tri-band perfo rmance. weight 65 lbs. Shipping container 13 in.
ONLY TELREX GIVES YOU ALL x5in.x13ft.
THESE FEATURES . Note : If not availab le from your dealer,
Power ratin g 4 KW PEP . .. o rder direct. You' l get fast , pe rsonal
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Patented broad-band coaxial Balun vato rs and manufacturers of the world 's
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plate systems and accessories priced from
Alum inum boom 2 in., 2V2 in. 0 .0. $25 to $25 ,000.
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Large d iameter, .058 wall ta per- Fo r techn ical data an d pr ices on co m-
swaged dural elements for mini mum plete Telrex line, w ri te for Ca ta log PL 71.
Other
Multi-Band
Arrays Availab le
TRAP
"ex LABORATORIES
I TV And Communications Antennas Since 1921
Asbury Park, New Jersey 07712 201-775-7252
Herm an Lukoff, W3HTF
506 Dresherlown Road
Ft. Washington, Pennsylvania 19034
CMBFS
Capacitance Measurement by Frequency Shift
Why, you might ask, should another evident - tune a simple self excited transis-
article be written concerning capacitance tor oscillator to the high frequency edge of
measurement when dozens of articles have one of the amateur bands; connect the
appeared on this subject in the past? I have unknown capacitance across the oscillator
reviewed some of them and find that circuit and measure the new lower frequency
specialized equipment is generally required on the receiver. All that remains to be done
that may not be available to the average is to derive the expression for relating the
amateur such as a precision calibrated vari- frequency shift to the unknown capacitance.
able capacitor, a grid dip meter, or a A basic Hartley oscillator circuit is sho wn
capacitance bridge. All te chniques required in Fig. 1. According to R. F. Shea, Transis-
calibrated standards of some sort which tor Circu it Engineering, John Wiley & Sons,
usually turn out to be the stumbling block Inc., 195 7, the oscillation frequency for a
for the average amateur. Hartley transistor oscillator is:
What means of calibration is then avail-
able to all? The receiver, of course! Every (I) f =
ham has a receiver these days that is cali- I
brated to within 5, 2 and frequently I kHz.
Even most transceivers are accurate to the
latter figure. The problem then is how to use
this accurate frequency calibration to meas-
ure capacitance. The solution is readily which looks so mewhat unmanageable. For-
tunately, the expression can be greatly sim-
plified . Ll+L2+2M is nothing more than the
total inductance L of the circuit. Let the
second term :
( L I Lr M2 ) h22b = A
hll b
then
t, I
'. ( 2) f = 2rr V LC + A
A is a constant involving the inductive terms
L I, L2, & M as well as the transistor
parameters h22b and hll b and Figs. 2 & I.
If the assumption is made that this term is
negligible, then the familiar expression for
the resonant frequen cy of a tuned circuit
result s.
I
Finished unit. (3) f - 2rr 'l L C
108 73 MAGAZINE
Suppose we assume that (3) determines the
oscillator frequency for the moment. More
will be said about the transistor lo ading HAM RADIO CENTER
factor" A" later.
Announces!
C
STOP IN
AND
GET YOUR
co RIG OF TH E
Co
M ONTH
ell ~
BLA N K
C,
-v
c
1'0. 0
2. 0Se..
... 6" 02
7.2311
15. 0 7.7512 1&. 0 8 .2 710 11. 0 8 . 79 13 18.0 9 . 3 11 9 19. 0 9.8330
20.0 10 .35.... 2 1 .0 10.8762 22. 0 11.398" 23. 0 11.921 0 2".0 12 .......0
25.0 12 .967.. 2&. 0 13."'H2 27. 0 1... 0 15 " 28. 0 1... 5"00 29.0 15.01050
30. 0 15 . 590" 31. 0 16.1161 32. 0 16.6"23 33.0 17.1689 3... 0 17.60959
35.0 111.2232 3 6 .0 18.7510 37. 0 19.2791 38.0 19 .8 077 39.0 20.3367
"0. 0 2 0.8661 "1.0 21.39 511 "2 . 0 2 1 .9260 113.0 22, "566 .. ... 0 22.9875
.. 5.0 " 3 . 5 18 9 .. 6.0 2 .. . 0507 .. 7. 0 2" .5829 .. 8.0 25.1155 119.0 25.10"85
50. 0 2 6 . 111 19 5 1 .0 26.71 57 52.0 27.2.. 99 53.0 27.78"5 5... 0 28.3195
55. 0 28.85.. 9 56. 0 29.3908 57.0 29.9270 5 8 .0 30 ...637 59.0 31. 0007
6 0.0 31.5382 6 1. 0 32.0761 62.0 32 .61 .... 63.0 3301531 6 .. . 0 33.6922
65. 0 3.. . 2317 106. 0 3".7716 67 . 0 3 5.3120 68. 0 35.8527 69 . 0 36.3939
70.0 310.93115 71. 0 37,"775 72.0 38. 0199 T3.0 38.5627 711hO 39.1059
75. 0 3 9.6"96 76 .0 " 0.1937 77 . 0 "0.7382 18. 0 IH.2831 79.0 "1. 828"
80.0 "2.37101 81. 0 "2 .9203 82.0 113,"669 8 3 .0 0139 8 ... 0 "11.5613
85. 0 ...... 1091 116. 0 "5.6573 87.0 ..6.2060 88.0 .6.7551 89 . 0 "7.30116
90.0 "7. 85"6 910 " 8,"0109 92. 0 "8.9557 93 . 0 .9.5069 911 . 0 5 0. 0585
95. 0 5 0.6106 96 .0 51.1630 97 . 0 51 .7159 . 8 .0 52. 2693 99.0 52.8230
1 00.0 5 3 .377 2 101. 0 53.9318 102. 0 5 .....868 103.0 55.0.23 10". 0 55 .5982
105 . 0 56.15.5 106.0 56.7112 107.0 57.268" 108.0 57 .8260 189,0 58.38.. 0
110.0 5/1.9"25 111.0 59.501" 112.0 60.0607 113.0 toO .620.. 11" .0 61.1806
115.0 61.7"12 116.0 62.3 023 117.0 62.8638 118.0 63,"257 119.0 63.9880
120 .0 6 ... 5508 121 .0 65.11 .. 1 122.0 65.6777 123.0 66.2" 18 12... 0 66 .8063
125 .0 67.37 13 126 .0 67.936 7 127. 0 68 .5025 128.0 69 .0688 129.0 69 .6356
130.0 70.2027 131.0 7 0.1703 132 .0 71.338" 133.0 71.9068 13".0 72 ...758
135.0 73. 0.. 51 136.0 73.6 1.. 9 137.0 h.1852 138. 0 7 ... 7559 139 . 0 75.3270
1. 0.0 75.8986 1'01.0 76 706 1"2.0 77.0"31 1'3. 0 77.to160 1..... 0 78.189..
1.5.0 7 1\.7U2 1ll6.0 79.337" 1"7.0 79 .9121 1 loll. 0 80."1173 1"9.0 81 . 0629
150.0 81.6389 151.0 82.21511 152. 0 82.792" 153 .0 83.3697 15 0 83.9"76
155.0 8 ... 5259 156.0 85.10"6 157 .0 85.6838 158 .0 &6.2635 159.0 86 .8"36
160.0 117 2"1 161. 0 88. 0 052 162. 0 88.5866 163.0 89.1685 16.. . 0 89 .7509
165.0 9 0.3338 166. 0 90.9170 167.0 91 .5008 168.0 92.0850 169 .0 92.660960
170 .0 93. 25"8 171.0 93.8.. 03 172.0 9 .. . .26" 173. 0 95. 0129 1710.0 95. 5998
175 .0 96 .1872 176.0 96 .1751 177.0 97.36310 178.0 97 .9522 179 . 0 98.5"15
180.0 99.1312 181 . 0 99 .721 18 2 . 0 10 0.312 0 183 .0 100 .9031 18 0 101 ...9 .. 7
185 .0 1 02. 08 68 186. 0 102.6793 187.0 103.2723 188.0 103.8657 18'hO 10 .....596
190.0 1 0~.05.0 191.0 105.6"88 192.0 106.2.... 1 193. 0 1 06. 8 39 9 19.. . 0 107 ,"362
195.0 108.0329 196.0 108.6301 1 97.0 109 . 2 2 78 198 .0 109 .8259 199.0 11 0 , " 2 .. 5
200.0 11 1.0236 201.0 111.623 1 202.0 11 2. 22 32 203,0 112.8237 20... 0 11 3." 2 116
205 .0 11".0261 206.0 11ll. 6 2 8 0 207.0 115 .230" 208.0 115.8333 209.0 116 ... 367
210.0 117.0.. &5 211.0 117.6....8 212.0 118.2.. 960 213.0 118.85.. 9 21" .0 11 9, " 6 06
215 .0 120. 0669 216.0 120.6736 217 .0 12 1.2808 2 18 . 0 121 .888" 2 19 . 0 1 22 . " 96 6
220.0 123.1 052 221. 0 1 2 3 . 7 1.... 222 . 0 12".32"0 223. 0 12... 93.. 1 22 0 125 .5....6
225.0 126.1557 226. 0 12 6 . 76 72 227 . 0 127.3793 228.0 127.9918 229.0 128 .60"8
230.0 129.2183 231. 0 129.8323 232 .0 130 .....67 Z33.0 131 . 0617 23 0 131.6172
235.0 132.2931 236 .0 132.909 5 237. 0 133 .5265 238 .0 1311 .1"39 239 .0 13 7618
2"0. 0 135.38p2 2101.0 135.9991 2 .. 2. 0 136.6185 2.3. 0 137 .238. 2 .. ".0 137.8587
2115.0 138 796 2ll6. 0 139.1 010 2 .. 7. 0 139.7229 2"8.0 1"0 .3.. 52 2.. 9 .0 l'tO .9681
250.0 1"1.5915 25 1. 0 1"2.2153 252. 0 1.2 .8397 2!13.0 1"3 ,"6.5 25 0 1..... 0899
255. 0 1ll1l.7151 256 . 0 1"5.3"21 257. 0 1.5.9690 258 .0 1"6 .5963 259.0
260.0 1"'.22"2
1117.8526 2 6 1 .0 1"8,"815 262 . 0 1" 9 . 11 09 263 .0 1..9 .7.. 01 26 0 150.3711
2bS.0 151. 0020 266 . 0 151.633" 267. 0 152.265" 268 .0 152. 8978 269.0 1!13.5307
270.0 15".16112 271.0 15'+.1981 272.0 155.11326 2 ,3 .0 156 .0676 27.. . 0 156 .70 3 0
275.0 15 1 . 339 0 276.0 15 1. 9 75 5 271.0 158 .6126 2n .O 159.250 1 279 .0 159 . 8 88 1
280 .0 160.5261 211 1 0 16 1.1 6 5 !! 282.0 161 . 8 05 " 283.0 162 ,"'+55 28... 0 16 3. 01161
285.0 16 3.7273 286.0 16 ,+ . 3 6 8 9 287 .0 16 5 . 0 11 1 288. 0 16 5. 6 538 289.0 166.291'0
290.0 16f-.9"08 2<:1 1 . 0 161 .5850 292. (I 16 8 . 2 2 9 8 293 . 0 168.8751 29.. . (1 169.5209
295 . 0 17 0.1673 296.0 170.81 ..2 291.0 111,"615 298~0 172. 1095 29 9 . 0 172 . 7!17'i1
300.0 173."069 3 01.0 17'+.0564 3 02. 0 11... 1 06" 303.(1 115.3570 3 0llhO 116.008 1
305.0 11'6. 6597 3 06 .0 171.3118 301. 0 171.96,+5 3(18.11 178. 6 117 309 .0 119 .271'+
310. 0 I1Q.925 7 3 11 . 0 180.5805 312. 0 181.2358 313 .0 11'1 .8911 31lhO 182.51181
315.0 183.205 0 3 1b .0 183 .8625 311. 0 18'+.5205 318 . 0 185.1190 319.0 185.838 1
320. 0 1810."9'7 3 2 1 .0 181.1578 322. 0 187.lh85 323. 0 188.,+197 32... 0 189.1"15
325 .0 189.11038 3 26 .0 1<:10 ...666 327. 0 191.1300 328.0 191.79"0 329.0 192 .'+58"
330.0 193.123.. 331 0 193.1890 332. 0 19... "551 333 . 0 195 .1218 33 0 195.1890
335.0 196."567 336 .0 191.1250 337.0 191.1938 338 .0 198 ...632 339.0 199 .1331
3'+0 .0 199 .8036 3"1.0 200 7'" 3"2.0 201 .11162 3113.0 20 1.8184 3"' 0 202 . .. 911
3.. 5.0 2 03 .16'+3 3"6 .0 203 .8381 3 .. 7 . 0 20". 512" 3 .. 8 . 0 205.1813 3.. 9.0 205 .6628
350.0 206.5388 351.0 207 ..21511 352 . (I 2 01. 8 9 2 " 353 .0 208 .5101 35.. . 0 209.211810
355.0 209.92]2 356 .0 210.6065 357 .0 2 11 .286'+ 358.0 2 11.9669 359.0 2 12 .6"79
360.0 213.3295 36 1.0 2111 .0111 362.0 2 1... 6910" 363 .0 2 15 .3171 36 ,+ .0 2 16 .0615
365 . 0 216.1"'59 366 .0 211 ...309 361.0 218. 116" 368.0 2 18.8025 369 .0 219 . .. 892
310.0 220.1765 371. 0 220 .86.. 3 3 72 .0 22 1.5526 313.0 222.2"16 3111 .0 222.93 11
375.0 223.6212 376 .0 22.. . 3119 317 .0 225 .0031 376.0 225.69"9 319. 0 226 .3873
380.0 221'. 01102 381. 0 227.7131 382.0 228,"618 3e3.0 229.1625 38 ... 0 229 .85 7 8
385 .0 23 0.5536 3116.0 231.2500 387.0 231 .91170 388 . 0 232.6""6 389 .0 233 .3"27
390.0 23 0IU" 391.0 23... 7"07 392 .0 235 ..... 06 343.0 236 .1"11 39 0 236 .81021
395.0 231.51138 396.0 238 .2.60 397 . 0 238.91188 396. 0 239 .6522 399.0 2"0 .3561
1100.0 2.1.0607 " 01.0 2"1.1659 '+02.0 2 .. 2.11716 "03. 0 2 .. 3 .1179 110 0 21113.88119
1105.0 2" 5Q211 11 06.0 2 .. 5.3005 '+07 . 0 2106. 0091 "08 .0 2 ..6 .1184 '+09 .0 2101 ."283
1110.0 2"11.1317 " 1 100 2"6.811196 '+12 .0 2 .. 9.5615 .13.0 250 .2731 111 0 250 .9865
"15.0 251.70 00 1116.0 252 1.. 1 .. 11 . 0 253 .128 7 .18 .0 253 .8"39 .. 19 .0 25... 5591
'+20.0 2 55.2762 "21 .0 255.9932 .22 .0 256.1 109 "'23.0 251.10291 .. 2.. . 0 258.1"79
"25.0 2511.867.. "26 .0 259.587.. .. 27 .0 260 .30el ..28.0 261.0293 .. 29 .0 26 10 7512
"30 .0 262.'+131 1131.0 263. 1968 .. 32 .0 263 .920" "" .0 2611 .64"8 .. 311.0 265.3691
1035.0 266.0912 "'6 .0 266.8213 .. 31 .0 261 .511 80 11 38 . 0 268.275.. .. 39. 0 269.0033
"110.0 26'1.1319 .... 1.0 270.11611 4 .. 2.0 271 .190 9 4 .. 3.0 21 1.9213 272 .652"
.... 5.0 21'3 .38"0 11"6.0 27".1163 ....7.0 ""'.. . 0
e 7.. . 8ll9 2 10'+8 .0 215.5827 ....9 .(1 276 .3 168
.. 50.0 271 .0516 "51.0 271.7869 .. 52 . 0 2 78.5229 .. 53.0 279 .2595 "SII.O 279 .9968
.. 55.0 28 0.73.6 "56.0 281 . .. 732 .. 57. 0 282.2122 .. 5 8 . 0 282 .9520 11159 .0 283.692"
..60.0 28.... 35.. 46100 285.1750 1162.0 285 .9 172 .. 63 .0 286 .6601 "6'+.0 287 ," 036
"65.0 2811.1418 .66. 0 288 .8925 ..6 1 .0 289.6319 "68.0 29 0 .36"0 .. 69 . 0 291 .1306
11110. 0 291 .818 0 .71.0 292.6259 1172. 0 293.3,,"5 '+ ' 3 .0 29... 1237 117... 0 29... 8735
,+15 .0 29" .62.0 .. 76.0 296 .3152 .. 77. 0 291 .1269 .'8.0 297.6793 .. 79.0 298.632"
'+80 .0 299 .3881 81.0 30 0 .1"0. 1182.0 300.895" '+83 .0 301 .651 0 116'+ .0 3 (12 ." 073
"85.0 3 03 .16.2 "86.0 303.9218 ..81.0 3 0e , 6800 .88 .0 305."388 1189.0 306 .198"
'+90 .0 3 06 .9585 '+91.0 307 .7193 ..92 .0 3 08.11801 3 .0 )09 .2"29 ..94 . 0 3 10 .0 056
.. 95 .0 310 .7690 "96.0 311.5331 1197 .0 312.2978 .. 98.0 313.0632 1199.0 313 . 8292
Fig. 2. Frequencyshift capacitance equivalents.
110 73 MAGAZ IN E
kHz, the effect is o nly I kH z in 4000 kH z This amo unts to an erro r of 1 .7% and is
whereas a I kH z change in fif has a m uc h att rib uted d irec tly to tran sistor loading
larger effect since 6 f can vary be twee n 0 to shift ing the oscillato r frequency . An other
500 kHz. What this means is that the way o f looking at it is th at the tran sist or has
linearity of your receiver dial ca librat io n is added 27 .7 pf of capacitance to the tuned
more important than the ab solute accuracy. circuit. The term "transistor loading factor"
Setting the basic oscillator freq uen cy to is used so mew hat loosely. It also includes
4001 instead o f 4000 isn't mu ch cause for the circuit st ray capacit ances. T o allow for
concern. The shift in frequen cy is the th e loading effec t a co nsta nt K 1 is inserted
important parameter. into eq uatio n (4).
,
-1 -I
" . .._~_--:""'""""',------,,......,
,
-- ,, "--- 't 1' ~
.. -- -- -- . ,
" '" '""" ..,. . ~ - i" . . ~ ,
k ~ '"
, "
\"', 1' :, '" ~., Il:I. I'
"
y. :e
, '-'-,
r 1IS- Lzc:a:: ,' ;<
, 'Sf: - C
II '
,:,:, ~ ..... '. r'r !"
::
~ ,
"
,:,:,.
~
'" ' i%m I;
..""
cr
Method of
~
0-<>
crimpi n g
-w compo n-
Fig. 3. Schematic. TRI, TR2 : 2N964, HEPl; RFC: e n t lead.
2.5 MH National RIOOS; Ll : 3/8 " dia. slug tuned
form, J.W.Miller 4400, 12 turns closewound No.
26E, tap 3 turns from the bottom ; CRI : IN34
type germanium mode; Cl: 1000 pF precision
capacitor (see text); C5 : 1000 pF mica; other
capacitors can be ceramic or paper. A ll resistors Fig. 4. Component board. Component side solid,
1/2W, 10%. wiring side dotted Jines.
output of TR2 from affecting the oscillator conventional fashion . It is recomme nded
frequency . CRl is a safety diode that pre- that co nst ructi on similar to that show n be
vents the application of reversed vo ltage fo llowed in order to minimize the effect of
from causing any damage. T he circuit is st ray capacitances on accuracy . I % of 1000
conventio nal in all other aspects. pF is 10 pF whic h means that the rf wiring
The complete unit is built into a must be short , direct and kept away from
5" x 3" x 2" mi nibox with plenty of space ground. For this latter reason, the h ot end of
to spare. All components except L1. RFC. Ll and CI must be isolated fro m ground.
C2. C I and t he on-off switch are mou nted This is accom plished by mounting the
on a 2-1/4" x 1-7/ S" piece of SSG24EP bind ing posts on a 2- 1/S" x I- S/ S" pie ce of
Vectorboard (holes on . 1 inch centers stag- phenolic and in ser t i ng be hi n d a
gered) and held onto the chassis by spade 1-13/16" x 1-1 /1 6" cutout on the top fro nt
lugs. A layout of the board is shown in Fig. 4. of the aluminum box as show n in the
The components are mounted by inserting the photograph. The te rminals are mounted
leads thro ugh the holes and crimping them 13/1 6" apart to convenie ntl y accept the
as shown in Fig. 4. Alt ho ugh the compo ne nts leads of the ca pacitor to be measu red .
can wiggle whe n first installed, the board C3, t he .02 d isc ceramic bypass ca pacitor,
becomes one solid mass after wiring. Wiring mounts between the bo ttom end of L I and
;.. tlonp. on the back side of the boa rd in the spade lug ground . T R2 output feeds to a
pho no type jack. Although there is sufficient
space to include a 9v battery inside the box,
I decided to bring power in through a
term inal strip instead. T he chances are that
the CM BFS unit will receive occasional use
and that the battery will be dead when you
do want to use it. I thought it best to use an
ex te rna l power supply o r a battery borrowed
fro m a transistor radio BC set when needed.
Operat ion
Apply voltage to the CMBFS unit. Tune
your receiver to 4000 k Hz. Connect th e
output lead to the rece iver ante nna terminal.
Tu ne L 1 un til the signa l from th e oscillator
Inside view of device . is zero beat wit h t he receiver. It should be a
112 73 MAGAZINE
well o ver S9 stable signal. No w co nnec t the Alth ough this particular unit has a capac i-
capacit o r t o be measured to the binding tan ce range up to 3 13 pF , there is no reason
posts. You will note that the signal is no why a high er C l/ L ratio can' t be chosen to
longer at 4000 kHz . Tune you r rece iver permit read ing higher values of capacit ance,
lower in frequency un til the new signal is that is, if yo u have a co mpu te r hand y to give
picked up and zero bea ted . If there is any you a new se t of com puta tio ns. Another
question about it being the correct signal, ap proach fo r ex te nd ing the ra nge is to kee p
bring your finger near the hot binding post C I a t 1000 p ft , but split it into two parts
and the frequency will shift slightly. Record with the unknown capacitor placed across
the new frequency and subtrac t it from o ne o f the parts in a ca pacitive divid er
4000 kH z to get the shift (lIf) in frequency. arra ngeme nt. This again requires recornputa-
Now read the ac tual value of th e capacitor tion. The present range sa tisfie d t he majority
corresponding to Af directly from the cha rt o f my requirements in working with rf
(Fig. 2). That's a bo ut all there is to it. circu its a nd provided the excellent definition
I t may not be necessary to actually o f .5 p F jkHz at the low end and .75 pFjkHz
connect the CM BFS unit o ut put to the at the high end of the range. Thus this
receiver antenna terminal. Rad iation from a approac h, coup led with the co mput er print-
2 o r 3 foo t piece of wire may he sufficie nt , o ut rather than the usual plotted cu rve,
depending upon the shie lding o f the receiver. permits measuring a fra ction of a pF dif-
More important is the elimina tio n or reduc- ference bet ween 300 pF capacitors.
tion of 80 meter signals from other amateur eMBFS isn't a technique for the produc-
stations that tend t o co nfuse o r lose the tion lin e testing of capacitors but it is well
CMBFS signal. Disconnecting the 80M re- suited fo r the occasional amateur need and is
ceiving antenna is desirable. I have fo und capable of providing a high degree o f ac-
that switching t o the 10 o r 15 meter antenna curacy at low cost.
or the dummy load is quit e effective in
reducing extraneous 80 M signals.
The battery voltage isn't critical. A I volt A PPEN DIX I
shift from -9 t o -8 vo lts causes a barely
1 1
discernible several cycles shift in fre qu en cy. L '
Although the oscillator will oscilla te down 4 rr 2f1 2 C 1
to 2 volts, I don't recommend o pera ting at w it h Cx in parallel w it h C 1
this point because the loading factor K I will
1
noticeably in crease and ca use an inaccuracy 1 L - ,....,;'c=::-:---::-
4,,' L(C1 + Cxl - '4 ,r f2' IC1 + Cx}
in the measurement.
L is the same in both c ases and can be equated
Summary 2 2
f1 C1 '" 12 re t + ex)
Equations - eq uations, the proof is in the 2
performance! A number of capacit o rs were f1 C1 '" C 1 + Cx
2
selected from the junk box, measured by f2
this technique and co mpared to the 1h%
precision laboratory bridge. T he receiver 1D:L - C1 ) c-
measurements were made with myoid 12'
Collins 75 A I and repeated with a Drake
TR3 transceiver. The results were as follows. tl' -:- , ) C 1 c,
( 12'
Fac e CMBFS Precision Bridge
Valu e Valu e f2 = f 1 - .6.f where .6.f = difference in freq uency
Value
FEBRUAR Y 1973 11 3
/
MEMORYMATIC 8000 DELUXE
Cepacity for 8000 bits in 8 Read/Write Pluggabl. M~ori...
Each memory can store either. single menage or number
of tequentiel messages. Near-full and O .... rlo.d a'arml . "M ..
sage Stop" for char, insertion. "Full Control" weight ratio,
message interrupt switCh, ver . trans. delay. 115/220V ec,
50/60 Hz , incl. SM 21B and MST -60 f.atures . Sh . wt . 8 Ibl.
{I nc I. 3 -5 0 0 and 1 -1000 bit memoriM.1 ... . _ .. $398.50
Additiona' Memories 500 bit $21.50
1000 bit $37.50
~ -,,;;;:._- .
SPACEMATtC 218
MEMORYMATte 500-8 This SWITCHABLE kever
500 or 800 bit A !W memo- gives you "elqht -kevers-f n -
ry . Stores either a single one ," Rear switches can de-
message or a number of lete dot or dash memories or
sequential messages . "Mes- char .Iword spac ing . Instant
sage Stop" for char. inser - steer , self-completing dots,
t ion. Near -fur! and Overload dashes and char.lword spac
alarms , remote c o n t r o l for ing, Adj . weighting, side -
S t o p / S tart of message. Inc I. tone/speaker, dot -dash mem o
SM 21 B features. Sh . wt 4 aries, l embjc , 115V ac or
Ibs.(SOo-bit memory) $198.50 12V de ISM 21B onlv.I Sh .
(BOO-bit memory) $219.50 wt. 4 lb . . . .. . . . .. $B9.50
ELECTRONIC FEATHER
CRICKET 1 TOUCH KEY
The "t f e a t u r evp ac k e d : ' A completely solid -state key .
m o d e r e t el v -p rjc ed keyer! Detects mere touch of fin -
Keyed time base, jam-proof ger. Use as single or twin
sp ac iog, sidetone/speaker. lever key. Operates with all
Rear controls for weight, positive or negative ground
speed. volume. tone, auto- digital keyers.
sern i -eu to . , tune. 115V ae or Sh . wt. 2 lb . . . . .... $22.95
12V de. Sh. wt . 3 lb s. $49.95 (Remote SIS swes. for MM -
500B and MM B0001$27.95
2-METER PREAMP
. . . . . . . . .. .. . . $9 .50 Kit
. . .. . ... . . . 512.50 Wired METEORIC SCATTER
Opt ion for 1 5Q-250V de TIMER - MST-60
Precision timer for meteoric
Operat ion . , $2.95
scatter communicat ions . 60
20 dB Ga in . 2.5 N .F . 12V Hz time base provides 15,
d c , Size j " x 1 ~" x %" . 20, 30 and 60 second out-
Diode protected MOSFET. put . Synchronized to WWV .
90-day guarantee. Sh. wt , 4 Automatic and manual cut -
oz Major Components puts . Sh . wr . 2 Ibs. . , . $49.50
Separately Shielded.
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VHF FREQUENCY
STANDARD - FMS-5
HF FREQUENCY Cal. receive and transmit
STANDARD - FMS-3 crystals in 10, 6, 2 and . 1 %
meter FM bands , Markers for
Markers at 5, 10, 25, 50. all FM channels. Check de -
100, 200 and 400 kHz. 400 viation . Precision 12 MHz
kHz crystal. No unwanted
crystal. No unwanted mark
markers. Latest low-power ers. Osc. and output buf -
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and output buf -
fered . Sh. wt. 2 lbs. (Less
fered. Sh. wt . 2 Ibs. (Less
Batteries) $32.95 Batteries) 544.50
BROADBAND PREAMP
1 -30 MHz , 36 dB gain droo -
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case with mounting lugs . 2 x
1 % x 3 /4. gO-day guarantee.
Sh. wt . 6 oz $17.95
BANKAMERICARD
5-year guarantees
Send for Catalog
Data Engineel"'ing, Inc. 5554 Port Royal Road
Ravensworth Industrial Park , Springfield VA 22 I 5 J
Joseph F . Dineen W1 J SS
9 Win ter Terr ace
Westwood M A 02090
i1 .i~
OJ I
I I jill La
CURRENT
J7 :
I
be tween 1"2 and the tra nsmitter key jack.
The switch is op o ona! and the ba ttery
I 9V RELAY I
L 1 . 3M~I..!O~
sho uld last indefi nitely at a .: : fll A d rain . The
FROM TO XM TR
com bina t ion of th e MATClI- (E Y and key er
KE YER KEY JACK have been used very successfu lly at slow or
high speeds.
Fig. 1. Sch em a tic diagram for m arch-key . . ..W IJ SS
116 73 MAGAZ IN E
W. R. Lingenbrink W6H GX
1809 H ill Ave .
11 8 73 MAGAZ INE
But let 's pause a moment and refl ect .
We now have I OOV dc to o pe ra te the relay.
The manual sta tes th at minus IOOV is
needed to cut th e a mp lifier off during
receiving periods. So let 's use this minus
IOOV to do j us t that. By grou nding the 1973 ARRL GREAT LAKES
ju nction of C24, 03 and R20 - this bei ng
DIVISION CONVENTION &
the positive side of 0 3 - it will ground the
positive side of th e supply, leaving us the
HAMFEST
negative side through the relay and load - M USK EGON - MICHIGAN-
resistor R21 to run to PL5 wh ere the MARCH 23-24
external bias was to be applied. Old fashioned ham-h ospitali t y at
Since we now have minus IODV, it the Ram ada In n & Wouf Hong
would be wise to remove or re place C l in initiation Fr iday 23rd
the grid lead , as this is a 25V conde nse r Saturday 24t h at t he Muskego n
and will not be needed, as is the case of Com mu nity College - Exhibits -
OJ diode which formerly supplied the Swap Shop - Tec h Sessio ns - Net
Meetings . Evening Dinn er & danc-
minus 4V of bias. Also remo ve R20, as we
ing at t he Ramada Inn .
will no lo nger need this resistor.
Info: WA8GVK c/o
MUSKEGON AREA AMATEUR
TO ellA
GRIDS RADIO COUNCIL BOX 691
MUSKEGON, MICH. 49443
"01 /
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Califo rn ia residents add
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HAM CRUISE
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More and more people are signing up for the
ten day cru ise of the Caribbean starting April
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$300 per perso n for the affair which includes
just about everyth ing except booze . Private
A, f.oqut ncv coun t.. W1 th . '''Il'' 011 kHl 1o 60 MHz (0' 130 _1 60 MH. Olfl..,
deck cabin is a littl e more. u.... with OU' Dig,t>tII60 con...tlef), Wit h ....oluCian 01 1 k Hz '" 1 H. I.t I IN
or 1 I . lIIc. lim..l, It con ~ ope,,,od on , ,, II.. AC or DC, IMth com~1I ""*"<>011
If you are interest ed in the idea , d ro p a line Pl'OllClion. Pl UI O .tob;hIV"II'''ll , "o o t I _1 in IOO /_k . .t.nd tt>o Olfloko unit it I
_,.l ~ "'-P by 2W' ""1
to Capt. Mike, Box 120, Miami Beach FL
33139 and get signed up. You really can't ask Supetb precis;oo ~"ity .t LESS T HAN KIT PRi CeS. CIoIl 0#
write lOt literaturtl and trade in Of OUt LOW INTRODUCTOR Y PRIce,
fo r a better grou p to sail with - or a m.J~ 1 Y EAR WAR RANTY .
mo re interesti ng area to sail - and if you like to NOO!IIE AftYWliR 8EArsOUR DAl' t
ham, we'll have a rig along - and perhaps even AMATEUR WHOl.ESAl.E El.ECT RONl
be able to set up another o ne o n some of the - " ,...- ..
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120 73 MAGAZINE
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FEBRUAR Y 1973 121
Advanced Class Study
Guide , by Jim Kyle
Considering the fee
HOW TO US E FM, by the F C C c h a rges to take
Wayne G re e n the exam , is it re a lly
The p u rpo se o f this wort h t he gamble to
book is to p re se n t the pass up this book ?
basics of t w o m e t er FM Thousands have used
ope rat ion and repeaters this book to h el p them
in s hort form w it h the breeze th ro ugh the Ad
e nd in mind o f getting v a n c ed exam with no
you on FM q uickly and strain . T h is is the
easily . ON L Y study guide pub
I t is easy to make
lished w hic h covers
some bl u nders when ALL th e material you
you are getting started will h a ve to know . 189
with any th ing new. It is p ages. softbou nd, $5 . A
a lso embarrassing. A li mi t e d number of hard
fast reading of t his
bound editions eveite
book shou ld h e lp you ble at $1.
avoid the pitfall s .
59 pages, softbound ,
$1.50
E xtra C la s s Study
Guid e , by Editorial
Staff , 73 Magaz ine.
Does t he t heory re-
qu ired fo r t he Extra
Novice Class Study Class e x a m pan ic you?
Gu ide , by Edito rial No need , for th is book
Staff, 73 M agaz ine. red u c e s it to easy com -
The wo rl d's e asiest p re he nsio n . Many a rna -
t o u n dersta nd book o n teurs find t hat a q uick
th e t heory requ ired for re ading throug h th is
th e N o vi c e amateur b oo k is eno ug h t o get
radio lic en se exa m . th e m through the t ough
Frust rate d by fund a - E x tre C lass exam . It
m ent al s? Rea d th is c o ve rs eve ry aspect o f'
b o o k , O ne s im p le read - t he t h eo ry . F ac e th at
i ng s h o u ld c a rr y yo u exam w it h confide nce .
t hrou gh th e exam. 1 54 2 17 pages, softbou nd ,
pages, softbo u nd. $4 . $5 . A limited number
of hardbound editions
a va ila b le a t $1 .
FM Repeater Bul
letin , Wayne G reen .
E d it or .
REPEATER Month ly bu lle ti n
of news a nd act ivi -
BUlLETIN ties of t he New
E n g land Repeate r
groups . Lots of
General Class Study opinions, reports,
GuidE! , by Ken Sessions technical in fo rma -
T his book will h e lp tion and ads. T he
you to realty under Bulletin is the place
stand t h e t heory and w here the mass of
e nable you to easily FM informatio n is
pass the FCC exam. published that
Th is is not a a & A doesn't make it into
ma nual for memoriza 73 because of space
tio n _ St udy t h is book Iimi tettons. Average
a nd g o into the exam edit ion, 2 4 pages,
with co n fide n ce . 317 8 y" ;w; 11. F ree to all
p ages. softbound . $6 . a ctive 2m FM ama -
teurs in t he N e....
Eng la n d area . Else
w here, S2Jyr.
FM Anthology,
Wlly n. Gr n ,
FM Repeater Editor .
W 0 rl d ..... .o e .
Man of th r ly
Gre en , E d it o r .
L in ings by st ates
edit.o n s
B u ll . l in
0'
th. F M
(F . b
(o r c ou n trie s) and CItie s 57 - F.b 6 81 p re
of ell r ep e. te rs. both sented .nt eel . lOlee t
open end closed , in th e Iy ,n th.y ...... r. edi
world . Ma ps a re m . t ed lind p ub lish ed
eluded show in g t he by M ,... . v en Olin
states and cou nties. Brand.n , WA8 UTB .
w ith the area o f th e For The Entire 'World
o r ig in a to r 0 ' the F M
repeater ind ic ated . Per Bullet in . Nu m . ro u s
tc c tcenv u p da t ed . H an - a n.c le s. ' o und no
d y size for mob ile 1.'58, w h e re else . o f g reet
6 % x 8 %. 6 0 pages, valu e to . nv F Mer
.oftbound , $1 .50. Be In t h e ... n o ..... -
read . b o u t Ih. FM
p.onltef"S .n nat eu r
e ecro . 114 P8V M , S '.
II. 1 1. so f t b o u n d , $4.
aest of FM, Ke n
S ess ions, Editor ,
A huge selection o f
the best technic al a n d FM Repeater C.,culls
co ns t r uc t io n a r t ic les Manual , b v Ken
that a p p ea red i n th e S ess .o n s
FM Magaz ine between Con lll. ns a l m ost
M arch 1968 a nd J une every c o nc e. veo te c lr
196 9 . 6 4 c hapte rs o n c u it th at m.ght be n.ed
just abo ut a ll a spect s of ed fo r u se with ,.
F M , A rticles on p o w er peater . All c lrc u .ts e .
supplies, a nte n nas, p ub- plained .n d. le.1 and
Iic service, c omme rcial s,.... understood . All
eq uip m e n t c o nve rsi o ns, asaects c o ve red , 'ro m
e ll abou t c rysta ls, re- th e ope rato r to th e an
p eat e r i n st a ll atio n s, te nna. Al so c o n t a ins
t r e n s m tt t er hunt ing , c hap t e rs o n se tt .n g up a
to uc h to n e , test equip- mo b ue stat.on end
m ent, transistor pre- ma ny o t h e r ert.cles for
amp s for c a rb o n mikes, t h e u se o f the V H F and
p lus many m o re . FM UHF enthUSIasts . 3 0 5
can b e mo re fun if you pages. soft bound , $5.
k n ow more ab o u t it . H ardbound , $7 .
144 pages, softbound ,
$4.
r--------------------------------------
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I
I Citv _
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I
I 73 MA GAZIN E. Peter borou gh N H 03458 U.S.A. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
I
I
, I
Xk
MICRO COMM
BOX 373, CUPERTINO, CALIF. 95014
Phone (4081 257-0802
A TIME FOR
EVERYTH NG
126 73 M AGAZ IN E
Hierro in the Ca nary Island s wa s recom- d ifferen ce fro m Greenwich o f minu s 12
me nded because o f its lo cat io n on impor- hours and 19 mi nut es: the Co ok is lands.
tant sea la nes. On ce the de cision was also in the Pacific, have a differen ce of
rea ched to d esignate the meridian at Green- m inu s 10 hours and 38 minute s. A great
wich , an instrument known as the " Airy many pla ces have hal f-hour di fferen ces
tran sit circle" installed there comp r ised th e from th e zo ne hour, as India , with min us 5
primary referen ce . This de vi ce is sti ll at th is hours and 30 min u tes fro m t he Greenwi ch
lo ca tio n , maintained as part o f a national merid ian .
museum. By agreement at the conference ,
the cen tra l crosshair o f this instrument In ternational Date Line
de signates the fundamental reference point At so me po in t on the ea rth's su rface a
for det ermining longitude . Although the new day mu st begin fo r the purpose o f
Ro yal Observatory was moved in 1948 det ermining time . The position for this was
from Greenwi ch to Herst mo nceu x Castle in arbitrarily adop te d by se afare rs man y years
Sussex, no change was made to the prime ago, as a place co nve nien t to them bu t not
meridian re feren ce po int lo cation . in convenient to any populous area . Th is
Having establish ed th e zero referen ce position was the 180th me rid ia n eas t and
point , the meth od for calculating th e hour west o f Greenwich. ( Fo r navigational pur-
of the so lar day was determined . The po ses, the eart h's 36 0 degree s is mad e up
earth's 360-degree circumference is divided o f 180 degrees eas t, and J 8 0 d egrees west ,
into 2 4 time belts, or zo nes, of 15 d egrees o f Greenwich prime or zero meridian.) Th e
each, with each zo ne d iffering in ti me from In tern atio nal Date Line divert s from the
Gree nwic h by a n integra l numb er of hours. 18 0 th merid ian in se veral places to avoid
T he ce nter of each zon e is on one of the large land o r populated areas, notab ly th e
merid ian s, with the zo ne itsel f ex tend ing East Cape o f the USSR, The Aleutia ns, and
71h degrees on each side of the me ridian . the Fiji island area of the Sout h Pacific.
Int erest ingly enoug h, the standa rds as When crossing this line trave ling west , one
es tab lished at this co nfere nce were not fu ll day is "lost," and when crossing ea st , a
ra tified by the . Unite d St ates govern men t day is "gain ed. " That is, on the east side o f
until March 19 , 19 18 . Although co m merce , the line it may be 090 0 on Tu esd ay , b u t
and the rai lroads particularly , se t th eir own im mediat ely on th e ot her side alt hough it
tim e zones, usuall y at divisional po ints, is also 090 0, it is Wed nesd ay . It may be
tim e fro m place to place varied widely consid ered th e po in t where the " new d ay "
unt il th is ratifi ca tion o ccurred. T od ay , in begi ns , and, o f co urse , in dete rmining time
the U.S., ti me zo nes are established by t he diffe ren ces be twee n zon es, th is day d iffer-
Interstate Co m merce Commission . en ce mu st be co nsidered. T he International
T he zones alo ng t he me-ri dians are not Date Line is not o ffic ially recognized by
always exa ctly para llel. Po litical boundaries any world agreement at the present time,
of the various co u n tries and states have but is, nevertheless, accepted .
cause d so me modifi catio n , so that although
Int ern at ional Use of T ime
the sea and in the air a zon e will parallel a
meridia n, a time zone on land may zig-zag The mean so lar tim e o f the Greenwich
considerably . For in stance, in traveling in a meridian is used for many co m m ercial,
straight line north and sou th in R ussia, one scientific, and technical purposes to avo id
may have to cha nge his watch three times problems that would occu r by a ttem p ting
between its sou thern border and the Arctic to use co nflicting lo cal time s. The o ffic ial
o cean . name that has been ad opted is Un iversal
Other cou n tries and places, alth ough Time, ab b reviated UT , b u t frequently b y
having time differences from Greenwich long custo m it is designated GMT ( fo r
that are fairly close to the nearest meridian Greenwi ch Mean Time) . It is also kn own as
zone , have fractional hourly cha nges. For "Z" (Zulu) T ime , es pecially in the military
instance, the T onga island group, at 17 5 0 services. The latter d esignation is also
west longitude in th e Pacific, has a time arrived at b y international agreement , as is
FEBRUAR Y 197 3 127
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There's nothing half-way about the new Hy-Gain REPEATER LINE.
Designed for the man who demands professional standards in 2
meter mobile equipment, the REPEATER LINE is the 2 meter HAM's
dream come true, It's got everything you need for top performance" ,
toughness, efficiency and the muscle to gain access to distant re-
peaters with ease. Reaches more stations, fixed or mobile, direct,
without a repeater.
The right antennas for the new FM transceivers .. . or any 2 meter
mobile rig.
Rugged, high riding mobiles. Ready to go where you go, take what
you dish out... and deliver every bit of performance your rig is ca-
pable of.
261 Commercial duty 1/4 wave, claw mounted roof top whip. Pre-
cision tunable to any discrete frequency 108 thru 470 MHz. Com-
plete with 18' of coax and connector. 17-7 ph stainless steel whip.
260 Same as above. Furnished without coax.
262 Rugged, magnetic mount whip. 108 thru 470 MHz. Great for
temporary or semi-permanent no-hole installation. Holds secure
to 100 mph. Complete with coax and connector. Base matching
coil for 52 ohm match. 17-7 ph stainless steel wh ip.
263 Special no-hole trunk lip mount. 3 db gain. 130 thru 174 MHz.
5/8 wave. Complete with 16' coax. Operates at DC ground. Base
matching coil for 52 ohm match. 17-7 ph stainless steel whip.
264 High efficiency, vertically polarized omnid irectional roof top
whip. 3 db gain. Perfect 52 ohm match provided by base match-
ing co il with DC ground. Coax and connector furnished.
265 Special magnetic mount. 3 db gain. Performance equal to per-
manent mounts. Holds at 90 mph plus. 12' of coax and con-
nector. Base matching coil for 52 ohm match. 17-7 ph stainless
steel wh ip. DC ground.
2E9 Rugged , durable, continuously loaded flexible VHF antenna for
portables and walkie talkies. Completely insulated with special
vinyl coating . Bends at all angles without breaking or cracking
finish. Cannot be accidentally shorted out. Furnished with 5/16-
32 base. Fits Motorola HT; Johnson: RCA Personalfone ; Federal
Sign & Signal: and certain KAAR, Aerotron, Comco and Repco
units.
2 meter mobile! with
from
,
269
,
l.
I
For the most powerful antennas under the sun
NEW
2 Meter Fixed Station
Designed for the man who demands professional standards in 2
meter equipment. REPEATER LINE fixed station antennas are the 2
meter HAM's dream come true, With everything you need for top fixed
station partormance. . . toughness, efficiency and the gain to gain
access to distant repeaters with ease. Work many stations, fixed or
mobile, without access to a repeater.
The right antennas for the new FM transceivers ... or any 2 meter
fixed station.
REPEATER LINE Fixed Station Antennas
Tough , high efficiency antennas with a long, low radiation. For the
top signal and reception you want.. . and the top pertormance your
transceiver's ready to deliver.
267 Standard 1/4 wave ground plane. May be precision tuned to any
discrete frequency between 108 and 450 MHz. Takes maximum
legal power. Accepts PL-259. Constructed of heavy gauge seam-
less aluminum tubing.
268 For repeater use. Special stacked 4 dipole configuration. 9.5
db offset gain. 6.1 db omnidirectional gain. Heavy wall com-
mercial type construction. 144 thru 174 MHz. 1.5:1 VSWR over
15 MHz bandwidth eliminates field tuning. Extreme bandwidth
great for repeater use. Center fed for best low angle radiation .
DC ground. Complete with plated steel mounting clamps.
338 Colinear ground plane. 3.4 db gain omnidirectionally. Vertically
polarized. 52 ohm match. Radiator of seamless aluminum tub-
ing; radials of solid aluminum rod. VSWR less than 1.5 :1 . All
steel parts iridite treated. Accepts PL-259.
362 SJ2S4 high pertormance all-driven stacked array. 4 vertically
polarized dipoles. 6.2 omnidirectional gain. 52 ohm. May be
mounted on mast or roof saddle. Unique phasing and matching
harness for pertect parallel phase relationship. Center fed.
Broad band response. DC ground.
340 3 element high pertormance beam . 9 db gain. Coaxial balun .
Special VHF Beta Match configuration. Unidirectional pattern ,
VSWR 1.5:1. 52 ohm impedance. Heavy gauge aluminum tubing
and tough aluminum rod construction.
341 8 element high pertormance beam. 14.5 db gain. Coaxial balun.
VHF Beta Match. Unidirectional. Boom length 14'. VSWR 1.5:1 .
52 ohm feed point. Heavy gauge commercial type aluminum
construction.
231 15 element high pertormance beam. 17.8 db gain. Coaxial balun.
Beta Match . Unidirectional. Boom length 28' . VSWR 1.5:1. 52
ohm feedpoint. Extra-strength heavy wall commercial alumi-
num tubing .
from aln
Antennaswith re I PUNCH!
231
~ 267
'"
340
341
-'- -
WRITE FOR DETAILS
For top fixed station performance on 2 meters, ,.
THE REPEATER LINE
From
HY-GAIN ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
BOX 5407WH LINCOLN . NEBRASKA 68505
Semiconductor Supermart
MOTOROLA. RCA. FAIRCHILD. NATIONAL. HEP PLESSEY
~~~
M FC8040 Low n oise preamp ...... . $ 1.5 0
MC 1303P Dual Stereo prea mp ...... $2.7 5
MC 1304P FM m u ltip lex er stereo demod $ 4.9 5
MPF102
FETs
JF ET . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .$.60
INTRODUCING~ DEVICES AT
MPF 105/2N5459 JFET. .... . ... . . . . . . . $ .96 NEW LOW PRICES
MPF 107 /2N5486 JF ET V HF /UHF $ 1.26 LA301B ( Replaces CA30 1B $ 1.60
MPF 12 1 Low-cost dual gat e VHF RF . $.85
M FE30 07 Du al-gate $ 1.98 LA3046 (Replaces CA30461 1.60
4 067 3 Dual-gat e .... ..... ... $ 1.7 5 LS370 (Replaces LM370) 4.00
3N 140 Dual -gate $ 1.95
LS1496 (Improved MC1496) 2.00
3N 141 D ual-gat e $1.8 5
LS3028A (Replaces CA302B) 1.60
NEW FAIRCHILD ECL LP1000 (A new fu n-type device to make
HIGH SPEED DIGITAL IC'S LED f lashers, audio osc, ti mer etc .l 1.60
9258 Du al " 0 " FF toggles bey o nd 160 MHZ
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. $4.65 COMING SOON THE LP2000
9582 Multi-function gate & amp lif ier . $ 3 .1 5 MICRO -TRANSMITTER IN A
9 5H 90 3 0 0 M Hz d ec ad e cou nter .... $1 6.00
A 9 5 H90 & 9582 makes an excellent p rescaler
lO-PIN IC PACKAGE.
to ex t end low frequency cou nters to V H F - or
use two 9528s for a 160 MHz presealer. Please add 35t! for shipping
It <10 nS K
ct '.
"
0
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2"' 708
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Dio de cen ter tap for u se with m odulation trans-
formers that h ave no cen ter tap. Th is circuit was
or iginally designed to m odula te a tetrode balanced
A
- /Ll* mo dula tor. Audio is injected into the singl e en d.
KSLLI
$'= IO V
- 12 \/DC coo....
100 mA
--
, --, We'll show you more of the West Indies
'"
- it.
than you'll e ver see out of a hotel room
-
window. You'll set foot on Dominica
-
/
.... {i".; , Montserrat. Guadaloupe, English
/ Antigua and French Martinique.
You'll skindive. swim. snorkel, prowl
uninhabited beaches. You'll limbo.
calypso and rock to a steel band. Take
a night watch or fall asleep under a
star spangled sky. 10 days from $250.
It could make the best-seller list!
e W1ncflOmmer Cruises.
Cap'n Mike. Windjammer Cruises.
P.O. Box 120, Dept. '9340
Miami Beach. Florida 33139.
h\s\S , ,
'\'
Send me the little. free book!
',omt1\\n
\.
\_.'1,,\.,,1 N ame .
;\"",.... 1"..,\';Fh
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Addre ss , , .
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C ity S ta te Zip .
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IOWAns
OUTPUT
ALL
SOLID STATE
2 meter FM
58- 14 4 TRANSCEIVER
SUPPLIED
WITH
DYNAMIC
MIC.
ISSEI
UNEAR
SYSTEMS. INC.
220
Airport Blvd.
Watsonville. CA
95076
I
Gene Brizendine W4ATE
600 Hununingbird Drive SE
PROTECTION FOR ICs HuntsviJIe AL 35803
h is IO saving circuit is so simple it may ze ner diode. The load devices are pro tec ted
T appear too obvious to suggest. Ho w-
ever, sho uld a regulated po we r sup ply pass
because the ap plie d voltage canno t ex ceed
7.25 volts. The power su pply transformer
t ransistor shor t-circuit , $ 100 worth of IC's and rectifier are protected by the co mbined
may easily be destroyed by excessive vo lt- dissipa tions of R and CR .
age, for example. The cost of new IC's, plus
PASS
the often tedio us task of troubleshooting TRANSI ~ I
and replacement , emphasizes the need for R 1
such positive protection. I
I IC
Essentially , a selec ted zene r diode is 7.25V I 5V
IW CIRCUTS
wired internally acro ss the regulated powe r CR I
I I
supply o ut put. A typical applica tio n fo r I REQl..ATED I
pro te cting the pop ular 7400 TTL IC series is p()lI,yffi suPPLY
outl ined in Fig. 1. T his particular IC fa mily
has a power su pply spa n of negativ e 0 volts Fig. 1. 1C prot ec tive circ uit.
to a positive 7 volt s. The device design The exac t value s o f Rand CR are
supply voltage is 5.5 volt s, therefore d uri ng dependent upo n load and powe r supply
no rma l power sup ply o peration the protec- charac teristics and are easily determined.
tive circ uit draws little current. The cost of a selected zener and resis to r is
With ab normal supply voltage, du e to insignific ant , co m pared to t he expens ive
defect ive regulation or any o the r cause , the devices they may save.
excessive voltage is dissipated in R and t he .. .W4ATE
CIM~
D R-'-AIffi)
EXCLUSI VE 66 FOOT 7S THRU 10 METER DIPOLE 8... 'S
~3E==JlIO' \lfr~
. " 40% C."" W. 1d ... . ," ",I.' so " ,'"" .. I, k. : ,,: . . .. ~-R.", '0< better "'" I, ll
or SSB Co" ., al 01 Balan ced 50 10 75 ohm tee d hn e-VS WR undu 1.5 10 I al mosl helghts -Slainless S te e r l!ardware-
1.,., "." AM/CW
D,op Pl ool Insu lators- Te",',c Pel forma nce-No co,ls or tr a ps 10 bru. down or chang e und er wU lher cond ,t,ons-Comp
lelely Asstmb l"'d ru dy 10 put up--Gu alanleed 1 yfOl l- ON E DESIGN DO ES IT Al l; 75 IOHO-O Nl Y Sl 2 .00 A PAN D'
Model 75 IOHD $60 ,00 &6 ft 75 I hru 10 MeIers Model 75 40HO $40 ,00 66 rt 75 Thru 40 Melels
Model 75 20HO $50 .00 66 Ft 75 Thlu 20 MeIers Modt l 40 20HD S33 .00 35 rt 40 I hr u 20 Mel!'r$
Mode1 80 41)HD $4 : ,00 69 rt ' 80 40 15 Melt r le W)
OR THRU YO UR f AVO RITE
ORDER DIRECT 0 11 WRITE FOR 300 S. S hawnee DI STR I SUJO II
fULL INFORMATION
_. - - - ._-
Leavenwor th, Kansas 66048
-
STATE OF THE ART...FM. ..
LEARN MORSE CODe IN 2 HOURS
-. .I
$1.75
NOUE IC21 rno bile!base unit wi lh ACIOC MlI OA COU NTE R ' 0 60
supply. 24 en . SWR & Dtsc. rreter. RIT. _MHz SlH.DlI
Calib., mo ke . Wlo crystals. $359.00 f> Oo9t AC/OC , 4.f> 'b<. $50 SELF - STUDY BOOKLET _
Customer servic ing and warn nty ,ncludf'd , mo.r too l !;O IoI HI Se_
Wnt. lor our wery og mp.' ll i... PKl<iIIle prICe!
WITH A NEW A ND EASY L EARN ING CONCEPT IN
Sft i'J' f31.1JMIgN" " .MfHJlFy INOUE IC20 12 en . 1 ~ 10 waItS. mobile VISUA L MEMO RY A SSOCIATI ON
191J.ll1IrMrMI, . . . comp lete w,th m, ke . mo unl & 6 Xtaledch.,
module co nn. $ 269.50
Wril. Dr Pho... (206-1411421) fo, mort inl0,m.tiDn 0' send ClShiorl Chtck to: TECH / MEDIA, INC.
BO B BRUNK OW K1NH E
NHE Co mm un ;calio nl STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 021 SO
1511 2 S. E, 44 fh. Bellevu e WA 98006 Dulmlr,p ' nQUIT"s m'llted
142 73 MAGA Z I N E
MORE, MORE, MORE . . . CIRCUITS, CIRCUITS, CIRCUITS
-, +9 TO 2S
voc
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5 PEAK ER
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cc
- m
-.v A LL Es rsTORS IIZ W
.
sc
Electro nic door buzzer. This circuit features a
differen t tone for each door. The tones m ay be
,., varied by experimenting with different resis tors at
each switch . Courtesy of Motorola Construction
1..2 3 3 1" Projects HMA 37.
,
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lIT NO. IS
~ D"' . 1I2 LG
II. COPPER STRAP
1/2" I' RO/oII CHASSIS ~:1 769 -
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6 V supply from a 12V source. This is a handy
device to use in case your surplus FM rig h appens
to require 6V. A 2N214 7, 2N43 14, or 2N36 16 can
be used in place of th e 2N3635 at Q2. Be sure to
144 to 432 MHz varactor tripter that will give 17W use a large heat sink for the 2N277 power
output at 432 when driven by a 25W 2m signal. transistor.
From the Diode Circuits Handbook, available f or K3GSY
$1 from 7$
..'" ..
100 APPLY MOcuu.n:D VO LT"GE "T II
A"'W\o-' APPLY TO lOY AT ..
c.
"";+; ~
" A; 8
., ..
"0 ;':1 *C4 HOT USED IN S" YEIIISION
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~" (100)110
Here is a stable VFO that can be assem bled in a short time on a piece of Vec torboard . Coil data is
su pplie d f or an 80m and 6m version 'bu t o ther ban ds may be covered with a bit of experimen tation .
Transistors are all MPS 706 but higher outpu t is p ossible by replacin g Q3 TNith a 2N2270 or 2N3053 .
ECHNICAl ROUP
The Technical Aid Group is a group answer questions about SSTV and Owatonna MN 55060 . EE technician.
o f ha ms who have indicated a willing- ATV. John will help with RTTY, AM , SS8,
ness to share their kno wledge and J. Bradley Flippin K6HPR, 116 Novice gear, HF transmitters and re-
sk ills with o thers. They h ave volun- Montecito Ave., Apt. M., Monterey ceivers, solid state, le s, and test equip-
teered to be of service to fellow hams CA 93940. Electronic engineer. Help ment.
and do so without compensation. If wit h RITY, d ata processing and pro- J im J indr ic k WA 9QYC, 801
you have a technical question . look gramming, general. Flo ren ce Ave ., Racine WI 5340 2. Con-
over the list to see who has competen- Ira Ka vaier WA2ZIR . P.O. Box 54 , sulting engineer. General help as well
cy in the area of your question. For Flatbush Sta ., Brooklyn NY 11226. as HF, VHF, and UHF antennas,
many o f th e TAG members, descrip- Elect rica l engineer. Assist an ce offered tran smitters, and receivers.
tions of all areas o f expertise would be in theoretical aspects o f electricity William Welsh W6DDB, 2814 Em-
lengt hy , so an abbrevia ted d escription and electronics from d c to UHF , pire Ave., Burbank CA 9 1504 . Elec-
is given . When stating your problem. design o f equipment, co mpu ter pro- tronic engineer. Beginner's problems,
give as much infonnation as possible gramming, and signal circu it (failsafe) code in struction , theory and regula-
and clearly state the difficulty. En- design . tions.
close a SASE for reply . Jon Teich WB2JAE. 22 Olde n Rd ., Ken Knecht K8VNT, Box 39, Clin-
For th ose hams who have a desire Edison NJ 0881 7 . High school stu- tondale NY 1251 5 . Tel evision en-
to share, the TAG is the thing for you . dent. Novice and o thers, tran smitter gmeer. TV , logic. and d igita l tech-
Send a brie f note requesting the mem- and receiver pro blems, logic, and gen- tuques.
bersh ip Conn, fill it in and send it eral. Tom O'Hara W60R G, 10253 E.
back. It asks a few ques tions about David Felt WB 6ALF, P.O . Bo x 26 t , Nadine St., Temple City CA 91 780.
your qualifications, and there is a Sierra Madre CA 9 1024 . Electronics Co mmunica tions engineer. RITY ,
check-list to indica te yo ur field s of engineer. Qualified help in logic, d igi- 1V, AM , SSB, VHF antennas, trans-
competence. These cover all modes tal an d analog de sign , solid sta te, AM millers and receivers for HF through
cu rre ntl y u sed
by hams, antenna de- and TV . UHF , solid state , and general help .
sign and theory , transmitter and re- R obert Groh WA 2CKY , 65 Rex- Bru ce Creighton WA S/VL. 251 7
ceiver design for HF, VHF , and UHF , borough Rd., Rochester NY 146 19. Metairie Ct. , Metairie LA 70002. Elec-
logic, ICs, general help , and other Communications engineer . Bob can trical engineer. Antennas, Novice
area s. As more members are adde d , lend a hand in HF and VHF transmit- problems, solid state, logic , digital
th eir names and addresses will be ter and receiver design as well as techniques, test equipment, and gen-
published . solid-state logic and digital techniques. eral help .
This list is not comp lete, but repre- Carl Miller WA 6ZHT. 334 Paragon Tom Borak WB 2PFY 2 15-33 23
sen ts those fo rme r TAG members who Ave., Stockton CA 9 5207 . Comp uter Rd ., Bayside NY t t 360. Student.
have responded to a recent mailing technician . Carl's specialty area is Tom is especially qualified to help
and have ex presse d a desire to con- solid-state QRP. Novices with their p ro blems with
tinue in the program. Comments from Geo rge Daughters WB 6AIG, 1560 transmitters and receivers, HF and
them indicate that they have enjoyed Klamath Dr. , Su nnyvale CA 94087. VHF antennas, HF receivers, test
hel ping and all have been co ntacted Research associate. HF transmitter equipment, and surplu s, Morse code
frequently for advice . and receiver, SSB, and solid state, are ins truction .
R obert Perlman WB2VRW, 3 George's fields. R og er Taylor K9ALD. 28 11
Jost en Place , Hudson NY 12534. Elec- D. Hausman VE3BUE, 267 North- William St., Champaign IL 6 1820.
trical engineering studen t. Will help crest PI , Waterloo, Ontario , Canad a. Engineer. Roge r is adept wi th AM ,
with Novice transmi tters and receiv- Student. Novice t ransmitter and re- SSB, antennas, solid state, logic and
ers, and any help for beginning hams . ceiver problems as well as logic, digital digital techniques, ICs, test equip-
Thomas Daffin WI FJE. Box 133 , techniques and ICs. ment, and o the r general help .
Hillsboro NH 03244 . Radio communi- Hugh Wells W6WTU, 14 11 18th sr, Orris Grefshetm WA 6UYD. 1427
ca tions technician: Special aid to ex - Manhattan Beach CA 90226. Elec- w. Park St., Lodi CA 95240 . TV
CBers and those wh o need terms in tronics instructor. Hugh can help wit h technician . O rris is ca pable o f assisting
easily understood terms ; aid to Nov- AM. Novice problems, VHF-UHF re- in all fie lds of amateur work , DC
ice s and Techs interested in MARS, ceivers and converters, solid state, test through UHF , logic as well as Novice
RACES, CD. and CAP; how to build equipment , FM and repeaters, and help.
and scro unge part s; assistance o n ham general help . John AI/en K1FWF, 11 2 Edgemo or
history, ATV , microwave, and general Charles Hill Wrf 7LQO. 4005 Camp-- Lane, Ithaca NY 1485 0 . Technical
h<lp. bell St., Baker OR 97814 . Student. director. John' s areas of assistance are
Theodore Cohen W4UMF, 8603 TV , Novice transmitter problems, and VHF and UHF antennas, receivers,
Conover Pl., Alexandria VA 22308 . logic . and transmitters, so lid state and digi-
Geophysicist . Specially prepared to John Perhay WA,DGW. Route 4 , tal techniques, ICs, and SSB.
144 73 MAGAZ IN E
OPE N F RAM EP l AT E T RANS FO RM ERS WI N T R ON IX MODEL 850 INDU CED WA VE FORM
I N PUT 10 5 , 1 10 , 1 15 . 120 , 125 VOL TS - 6 01:\< ' . ANALY ZER . T hIS u nit . In conju nc t io n w ,t h YOur
S ECO N D A RY : 3200 v e T . 1 ..... P .
S IZE 9 " " . l OW'. ' ow' NE W p resent o sc tuo ecc c e . p e rmil$ you to VIew we ve f orm,
S M' P. WT . 100# PRI CE : $39 .95 In the range fr om a ud IO thr u MHz w ithout a n y d ".ct
c o n n -= tio n . The pro be is "mp ly plac ed o ve r the t ube
TOROID TRANSFORMERS in q uest ion a nd the weve form ;s d isplayed o n the
M O ST V E RS A TIL E WE EV E R M AD
3 Yo "RoO . 3 "H oK illoscope . I t may a lso be u'ed as a h Igh ga In
WT .3# amp lifie, t o inc re ase ' sc o p e se nlltivity . Excel lent for
. -14 v INP UT WIND IN G S T .V., ra d io , amp lif ier , and tra nsm itter re pa ir and
4 -5 \1' FEED BAC K WIND IN GS main tenance. Brand new, with probe .
2 -333\1' - 1/2 .mp . WINDI N GS SHI P. WT . 13# P R ICE : $19 .95 ea .
2 -16 7\1' - 1/ 2 .mp . WI NDIN G S
WILL SUPPl Y rccc v III 1/2 .mp. ROT RON FANS
CAN use A~ V C OMBINATI ONS OF AB O VE . SAUCER FANS
SHIP . WT . 5# PR I CE : $ 5 .95 Of 2/1 0 .00 28 0 CFM 7" OIA . x 2 ~ " DEE P 1 15V -50 -60 cv ,
PR IC E : S4 .95EA .
FEATHER FANS
ADJUSTABLE PRINTED CARD BO X 270CFM 7" DIA . 2-7 /16" DEEP
F o r R ack Mount PRIC E : $ 4.95
5" to 7%" - 16 s lides an d sock e ts - includes
30 d ou ble contac t pos itio n edge con n ector t y p e MINOR REPAI RS NEEDED
PRI CE $ 9 .9 5 T .S .3231UR
ALL HA \LE CAL . BOOKS BAR GA IN NOT J UNK
PR ICE : $ 24 .95
MODULE TYPE POWER SUPPLY
TRANSISTOR , REGULATED, DIODES
11 5 V - 6 0 c yc le in + 12 - 12 - 6 V 3 amp
@ 1 am p . BUL LET TYP E w/ SILV E R LEADS 6 00 P. I.V .
o u tp ut . F ro nt P ane l adj + o r - 1 0 % . On-off PR ICE : 101$1 .00 or 1 101$ 10 .00
switc h . F uses. Barrie r s t r ip output. 6 " x 5 " x
7 " , e xceuemconc. SPECIAL
Ship . WI. 1 0 ff PRICE $1 4 . 95 MODULE TYPE PIS
Aluminu m Bench Cabinet - adjustab le Prtntec
C a rd Bo x
R 11A LOW FREQ. RECEIVER 190 - 550 KC P RICE $24 .95
mod..- n a 5 '" .
~ t1 I P . WT . 8 ft PR ICE : $4.95 o r 2/$8 .00
.J;R 48 RE C. fr~ . 230 -2 5 0 me . 7.5 AMP VARIAC
~t1I P . WT. 45ft PR ICE : $ 24 .9 5 Pane l m o unt 3 / 8" shah 115 V - 60 cycle -
#r282 O/GR tr" nl . fr.-q. 225 - 400 mc:. 0 -140V o ut.
S HIP . WT . l50F PR ICE : $39 .90 PRICE ; $6 .95
Above V ariac with 9 RPM motor drive & limit
7 ,5 AMP VARIAC switche s
P a n e l mount 3 /8" s haft l1 5 V - 60 cycl e - PRICE : $7 .95
0 - 1 4 0 Vout.
PRIC E : $6 .9 5 rc BOARDS
A b o ve Var iac wit h 9 R PM motor dri ve & limit 962 9 36
switches 9 46 9 33
P RICE ; $7 .95 9 48 9 51
E AC H BO A RD H AS 3 OF O N E T YPE OF AB O VE
PR ICE : $2 .00 . .. or 3 /$5 .00
B7971 LARGE ALPHA
NUMERIC READOUT IC BOARDS
With so c k e t s & dr iver board . Can be hard wired 15 1C ON BO ARD TY PE 9 00 - 914 & 9 23
to form u n u su a l hou se a d dress num b e rs. 2 P R ICE ; $l,DO t t . Qr 3/$ 5 ,00
tubes, 2 sockets. mounted on o n e d ri ver b oard . l4PlN DUAL INLINE
Save $3.00 IC SOCKETS GO LD PL ATE D CO Ni ACT S .
PR ICE : 2 /$5 .00 PA ICE : SOC ea. o r 5/$2.00
!
It $0 ,
WORK FM REPEATERS?
ydy p,abol>' y . Iroody k now Ina' h .,ng 'an.bu'" o.""b, I,'. on .(Jut "9"
P""v ""po,"n' ' h,,,,, <!dy. It vo u ' h od p,ol>om '.nd ,"g a qu a l,' . . .. I ,ab"
,O~ b~,,' """"'''0<. 'he . m ........ , ' he UNID VNE TBG IOZ
know this sign
SOLI DSTATE , TOP GRA DE CO MPO NENTS: EPO XY GLASS PCB.
REQU IRES NO BAneR Y; INTERNAL REGU LATE O PIS FO R m -aev.
ees n RANGE 1450-2450 HZ. SPECIFY TW O FACTO RY PRESET f RE
QUENCI ESWH EN ORD ER ING .
BUR ST LENGTH 100 MS, - 5 SEC. OR CONT. TON E. FAC TOR Y SET 1/2 SEC.
HIGH AND LO WIMPEDANC E OUTPU TS : USE WITH ANY MIC.
SI ZE J 1/8. 13/4 112 INCHE S. INCtUOE SMO UNTI NGHARDWARE .
EX TE RNALlY PR OGR AMMA BL E FO R ANY HUMBER OF FREQU EN CY ,
AMPLI TU DE AND LENG TH PRE SET COMBINATIONS.
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONMANUA L.
FA CTORY WIR ED AN DTE STED $ 19.95. KIT $ 14.95 POST PA ID .
UNIDYNE TBG -l 02
\
To most people this is a symbol from
ALSOA VA I LABLE ...
Greek mythology. But to hundreds of
COMPATI BLE OECOOER un" cont~,n. notch !tUel 10 pre~n, ""no~"'g
'0"'" bJ"t in pul hom being lelran""itted, Fullv odJuOlable laoge and thou sands of active amateurs, Pegasus is
window IOf bJ,,, Ilequenc~. length and ampldude . Corri,,-Iogic 10 p,,,,.n,
",,"tor dlo,,-oo, durr"Q input ,ignal f.de, the symbol of the Radio Amateur CALL
REP EATER CONTROL unit compli ....... Ih LATEST FCC R EPEATE R BOOK the single most useful operating
RULES 'nclud l"li adju".ble 'i ......" fOI 3 minu,e Pfoteclion and 5 ..cond
ca"ie, delay d,opOO1_ Include. COS reference for active am ateur stations.
CA RRI ER OPE RATE0 SE NSO Rio' u.. \\lith or without r.lay, The U.S. Edition lists over 285,000 Calls,
WRI TE FOR COMPLETE SPECIFICA TIONS Names and Addresses in the 50 States
and U.s. possessions while nearly 200,000
amateur stations in the rest of the World
are listed in the OX edition.
Both editions contain much other invalu -
able data such as World Maps, Great
Fluke 803 Differential Ae-DC Voltmeter. $150.00
H-P 3526--A Ta_l)e Transport for "".. o r 1" tape ; Circle Maps, QSL Mana gers arou nd the
15 /16,1 7 /8, 71h. 15.60,120 inches per second. World , ARRL Countries list and Amateur
Less heads . .. . . . . . . ... . .. . $400.00
H-P 561.8 Digital Printer. . . . . . . . . . $85.00 Prefixes around the World, Time lnforma-
DATATOTAL 1141 .8 8-digit printer. . . . $25.00
Keithley 150A Micro volt-ammeter. . . $100 .00 tton, Postal Information and much , much
APR-4 receiver with CV-253 'runes, 38-1000
MHz. 11 5 v . 60 Hz. . . . . . $175.00
more. You can 't contest efficiently, you
8 &< K 1076 Television A nalyst (Flying spot can 't OX efficiently, you can't even oper-
scennee) . . . . .. . . .. . $195.00
8rush 8L-202 2-channel chart re corder $40.00 ate efficiently without an up to date
Type C dual-trace plug-in fo r Tektronix (made CALLBOOK.
by Hickok) . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . $100 .00
Type K plug-in (Hickok) . . . .. . . . $40 .00 To make the CALLBOOK even more val-
T ektrorux type 1. wide-band plul-in. . . $60.00
Tektronix type 8 wide-band plug-in. . $50.00 uable, three supplements are issued each
,~,"d 2.>.1 fnr ' ,,"fI ' IH INrI"> ,-ut"I,,/! of ."""". ",/''''''''''nl ,~ ",,,,,. year which bring your copy completely up
to date every three months. These are
JEFF-TRONICS4252 Pearl Rl;t .1 CI~Y8land , OH 44109
available at a modest extra cost. Full de-
tails in every CALLBOOK.
Get your copies of the big new 1973
WORlD 0SLBUREAU
5200 P.n.m. AVII. Richmond CA USA 94804
CALLBOOKS today.
US CALLBOOK OX CALLBOOK
THE ONLY QSL BUREAU to h.ndle eU of (less serv ice editions) (le ss se rvice editions)
your aSLs to enywhere; next door , the next Just $8.95 Just $6.95
.t.te, the nex t county , the whole world . Ju.t
bundle them up (pl errenge elphebeticellv) US CALLBOOK OX CALLBOOK
end send them to us with payment of 5C e.o.;h. (w it h service ed it io ns) (w it h se rvi ce editions)
$14.95 $11.45
Mail orders add 50 per CALLBOOK postage
and handling.
See your favorite dealer or send today to:
V/R\"'{~f.f. ~ca
116
fOR RADID AMATEUR
00
k INC
BR~I-\URf. Dect. B 925 Sherwood Drive
lake Bluff, 111.60044
'46 73 M A GAZINE
Wha t's wrong with a regu lar OX need info , schema tic, and ma n ua l fo r
APR-J RECEIVER . 39-95 MHz tuner, :! 'I ETER 1" \1 - S R-C han die talk ie
AM-FM, excellent condition. Swap for transceiver brand new, complete with
1920's battery rad ios. early ham gear, carryi ng case and American instruc-
Audions, magazines. Alan Douglas. tion booklet $190.00. Joe G ibson 181
Box 225, Pocasset, Mass.. 02559. So. Orchard St. , Wall ingford. Conn.
06492 .
li EU) SAVii, 220. and me clean my
apartment. 220 FM 5 watt xmtr WANTEO. Radios, Tubes, Phones,
Pr ice _ $1 pe r 25 wo . d , fo , non-cornrn.. rc", 1
ads ; $10 p e. 25 wo.d. to. b"..nessven w , e s. No
WIAC supply xta! on 224 MHz Speakers. Radio Literature from the
dIsplay ads 0' agency dl'<:o"nl. Ind "d e yo".
TV-lOA w/6939 fina l $30; 2M FM early 20's. Must be reasonable . My
cheelc w It h o " te. talki W/tuneable rec. 250MW on Hobby . Thank You . Bob Ho llis, Box
146.34 $75; 220 superhet rec on 224 1616, Estes Park, Colorado 80517.
Oetlr M lor iI<ft "
the hI 0 1 Ihe month IWO MHz $20; 500w Pwr Amp P.P. 4-125's
monl," Pf_ '0 pubilUllon for eumple
J.nuary 15T IS l he dNdh.... 10 . Ihe M...:h " .....
2 meters FM W/AC supply $85. Plus TEC Hl' ICAL 'IATER IEL CO R
whICh w,lI be m,,,1ed on , he l Oti' , 1 feb<u.. y odds and ends. $.A.S.E. for list. Want PORATIO' good ies, TRC-500 Anten-
URC-4&11 or other trades. G.W.B. na Coupler $27 .50. FFR Receiver
Type c OPy_ P hr..... and puAC I"ale e~ acl l y as 555 Patten Ave.. Apt. 38-B, Long ('Ni t h all heads) $100.00. AKT7
you wl$h 1110 appe<tI' _ No all-capllal ads l00W 220 MHz Amplifier 530.00.
B ranch , N.J . 07740 , t e l .
We WIll be Ihe j"dge 01 I<>l laolhl y o f ads, 0", 2Dl -222 -45D8_ T5-4978 515D_00. T5-382D 55D.DD.
esponllb,l,ty 10.....on e KI"nd. o nly 10 p "n l much more, SASE for 5 page list.
Ing" CO ....Cl lld in a la le. ," " " , NEED Ale Al)AI'")'OR for old Wanted: E and E Rad io Ha ndbooks
STROBONAR V (Gold Modell Elec- 14th Edition and earlier, 2M walkie,
F o. $ 1 e~ l.a we can " ""nl a ln e p ly bO K fm
,00. tronic Flash - Used in place of 5 10.... G P R-90/G5B1 Receiver. Richard
battery . Please wr ite WB6AWD/TG9 Solomon, 5 Cherry St., Lexington,
we cannol check in l0 each a<tvt!.\IWf. so C......I Les Anderson, ROCAP/Guatemala Massachusetts 02173.
E mpIOf . APO New York 09891 .
TECI I \1 ,, :\ UALS - $65.0 each : U H f 1".:1' PREA'IPI.IF IER .
WEST ALLIS RAe '1I0WI:\TER
SWAPrEST February 3. 1973 at Hart R -388 /URR. R -3 89 /URR . 440-470 MHz. Mobile or fixed. At
Pa r k , 7300 Chestnut Street , R -39D /URR . R -274 /FRR . least 6db gain (1Odb typ ical} . Power
Wauwatosa, Wisconsin (Milw. suburb). CV-59 1A1URR. T5-34 A1AP, ALR 5, source +10 V t o +15V. 10ma drain or
Take 70th Street exit on 1-94 North SP-6DOJX. R-22D/URR . SP-600JX-17. less. RCA phono type jacks. 1% x 1%
1.2 miles to Chestnut. Doors open at RCK. TT-63A/FGC. L M-21. OS-8EIU. x 1 % inche s, fully sh ielded . Price
8 am. Talk-i n on 3985 and 14.964. W3 1HD, 4 9 0 5 Roa nne Drive, includes taxes. $ 18.00 Prepaid USA.
Washington, DC 2002 1. Electronics Enterp rises, 6606 Fifth
Food and liquid refreshment available Street. Ri o Linda, CA 95673. (9 16)
at reasonable prices. One dollar in rOR SAtE KWi\I .:! with both su p- 991 2Dl D.
advance or one dollar fifty at the plies 30L1 mint cond it ion. 1200.
door. For details write WA9KRF , shipped. First check gets them. Box flOOS IER r.LECTRO~ICS - Your
4582 S outh Ahmedi A venue, 69,73 Pine , Peterborough NH . ham headquarters in the heart of the
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53207. Midwest wh ere only the finest erne-
HITACIII OOLO\, CASSETTE dec k. teur equi pment is sold. Individual
SIG.'OA L 01\1:. CX ' A w/spkr and CW Freq . response 20-17,000 Hz.. Auto personal se rv ice by experienced and
filters , amazing deal at $1500. Hall i- Stop, Walnut Cabinet, etc. ONLY active hams. Pactorv .euthcrtzed deal-
crafters FPM 300 SS8 xcvr $480. $175. Mountain West Electronics, ers for Drake, Regency , Standard,
Heath IB 101 frequency counter with 23247 Mi litary Rd., Kent, Washington Ten-Tee, Hv-Gain. CushCraft, Mosley,
Vanguard scale r $250. Heath SB200 98D3 1. Ham- M, plus many more. Orde rs fo r
linear 2 KW PEP $330. 80x 230, 73 in-sto ck merchandise shipped the
Magazine . 19 73 IIA'1BURG I;\i Tf<: Rl\ ATlONAL same day . Write today for our low
Il A'I FEST near Buffa lo and Niagara Quote and try our personal , friendly
22nd A:\:\UAL DAYTON Harrwen- Falls on Sep tember 15. Details: Hoosier service. Hoosier Electronics,
tion will be held o n April 28, 1973 at Valerie Orgera K2KOC, 187 Main St., R.R . 25, Box 403. Terre Haute,
Wampler's Dayton Hara Arena. Tech- Hamburg, N.Y. 14075. Ind iana 47802.
nical sessions, exhibits, hidden tran s-
mitter hunt,. flea market, and special , 3 \lAG . January 1961 issue. 2 copies SUPf<:R RIGS . . . SUPER COUNTER
program for the XYL. For info write comp lete. One has loose cover. . .. SUPER GAI N ANTENNAS ...
Dayton Hamvention , Dept. M, Box WB6LLT Jim Mills, 162 S. La Luna see our ad on page 132, January
44, Dayton, Ohio 4540l. Ojai, CA. 93023 (805) 6466387. 73 . . . for the best deal going on the
finest Qua lity 2 meter FM gear arou nd
YO UR CA I.L LETIERS. Two sets, If you are going to buy a new rig. why today ... INOUE ... MIIOA . . . An
for windshield and rear glass. Smart not at JOHNSON EI.ECfROMC tenna Engineering. Write for our pack-
white letters with red outline. Easily SA tES? Well-stocked and read y to age deal for a SUP ER good buy ...
Installed pressure sensitive decals. Quote on your needs. Featuring Clegg, Bob Brunkow NHE Co mmunications,
$1.00, postage paid. anywhere. Sat is- Regency, Gladding. SBE, Standard, 15112 SE44th BellevueWA 88006 or
facti on guaranteed. Lake Jordon Genave plus CushCraft and New- ph one 206-7478421.
Artists, Slapout AL 36092. tronics antennas. Fast, persona lized
service . Phone o r write today. P.O.
WANTED, OLU kA IHO TRAN- Box 332, Griffin, Georg ia 30223 MODER~IZE FOR PEANU TS!
SCRIPTIOl\ DISCS. Any size or 14D41 228-3831. Frame & display QS L's with 20
speed. Send list and details to Larry pocket plastic holders. Two tor $ 1.0 0,
Kiner, W7 FlZ, 7544 132nd Ave. N. E., seven for $3.00. Prepai d, gua ranteed.
Kirkland, Wash. 90833. HEAT II 5B-300, SB401 , SB -200, Universally used and approved. O rde r
SB-620, SB-630, SB 600. Below kit now. TEPABCO, Box 1985, Gallatin,
I NC O:\I E TAX $S NEEDED. price. Mint condition . All manuals and Tennessee 37066.
Regency HR6 $190, HR2MS 8 ch . connecting cables. Five band antenna
scanner 15W $255. TME-H-LMU 16 with SO' aluminum self support ing
ch . scanning rcvr 6/2/~m $255. Digi- tower. Will ship. Prices and pic tu re CO'IPI.ETE SET: 73 Magazine.
tal logiclock 575. Tempo CL220 12 from John G. Mathias, 721 Sou th Vo lume [ Number 1 to present. $ 100
ch . $265. Everything brand new. Box Meadow Road, Evansville, Indiana plus postage. Roger Chaffee , 145 Bay
210,73 Magazine. 47715. Area code 812477 -2516. Rd. Menlo Park CA 94025.
rr:
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS ,
--, I MMEDIATE " OFF THE SHEL F" DELIVERY
MODEL: STl40
YOU'LL NEVER
Price : $129.95 ppd.
HAVE TO BUY Tested , gu aran teed and compl ete
CRYSTALS with mobil e mounting bracket ,
tilt stand a n d t ran smi tte r match ing kit.
AGAIN
N ote: N Y state reside nts add sates tax .
NOT E: Our 45 MHz. receive synthesizers may be ready by the time y ou read this. Call us for details .
IMPOR T ANT : When ordering be sure to state the output frequency you want .
Call 212468-2720 for fast C.O. D. shipment.
For mai l orders with personal checks allow 3 weeks.
$ $
Accessories avai labl e f or each o f above u n it s. , . , , , , , . . , , .$30.00
G.E . PROGRESS LI NE STRIPS physically com plete , but so ld on an as-is basis only.
lOW BAN D VHF UH F
MAlE 13 MAlE16 MAlE33 MA/E36 MAlE42
Power supply, 3OW,
less vibrator $20 - S20 - 520
Power supply, 6OW,
less vibrator
TX narrow band,
- 525 - 525 -
less final tubes $18 525 S25 530 S12
Note: MAlE42 wide band
RX wide band,
.
less ovens
$18
. .
$18 518 518
512
!
BE GOOD TO YOURSELF! ...
Before you buy or trade anywhere get our deal' All the hams at THE
HAM SHACK pledge prompt, personal service. We'll plan a package deal
on a whole station from Mjke or Key to Antenna . Our trading shoes are
always on - try us. You'll be glad you did.
Bill - WB4JFK
Hy-gain Power-Full GALAXY transceiver
RF SC
550A GT 550A 550A
Galaxy GT550A transceiver. Full 550 watts, SSB, 360 watts. CWo
Compact, beautiful! Really hot receiver; on-frequency selectable sideband,
superb AGC. 17 pounds weight! $595.00
R F550A WATIMETER
AND ANTENNA SWITCH SC 550A /AC400 SPEAK
$75.00 ER /SOLID STATE AC
SUPPLY $129.90
THUNDERBIRD
Model TH 3 MK3
$144.95
~==::::>-
-
--~,:~N~ew "HY-Q" Traps
_ Up to 8 db gain
Rugged, Reliable
Performance proved.
Takes Maximum
Legal Power
THE AM SHACK
AMATEUR RADIO SALES AND SERVICE
2116 BEE RIDGE RD . SARASOTA, FLA. 33579
TEL. IB131 921-4602
2 METER FM ....
Complete Stocks All Major Brands
We're Trading High Get Our Quote!
THE AM SHACK
CRYSTALS
Imrrediate Shipment on Crystals for
Regency Drake SBE
Standard
$3.50 each
Nearly all frequencies in stock. Please add
SOu'per total order for postage andhandling.
Flo rida reside nts add 4% tax
Mail Orders Shipped Promptly Factory Authorized SALES -BI
Anywhere . LET'S TRADE! SERVICE All Major Ham Lines .
RL~?21~
8110 8 bIt PI. 50 I. 50 100 PlY - 80 mo
8275 qUid bt,tlbl1 lltch .90
60 for 12.50
All IC', I ... now Ind f uy dtgttal display tube
11 tested lelds are Plated with 90 1d or so der. tncandescent SV
Order' for $5 or MOrt wi) I be shtpped prepaid. Add 35 handling and post- 7 segment
... for , ..Her orders. CI11 forn1a residents add sales tax. Ie orders are .6" high numeral
shipped with1n two workdays of receipt of order k1ts are shipped within yisible at 30 feet
ton days of ...clipt of ordlr. HONEY 8ACX GUARANTEE ON ALL GOODS SOLD left hand decimal
.. COO's may be phoned 1n ................. 9 pin base (solderable)
EACH I 5.00
5 FOR 20.00
Save over $9,000.00 on this
AN/WRR-2 SSB Receiver!
O r igin a l go v ernm ent co st : over
S10,000.00! One of Navy 's most modern
radio rece ivi ng sets . Bu il t by National
Radio Co . in last decade. A tri pl e con-
ver sion super -heterodyne. Frequency
range: 2 to 3 2 MC . continuously, or in 1 kc
increments. 4 bands. Featu ring f ull carrier
suppression, unit receives AM , CW, MCW,
vo ice, facs imi le, T el et yp e ann ISB. RE-
QU I RES NO MOD IFICAT ION! Grea t ly
superior to earlier R390A / U R R model.
$4 5
Good condo Complete, operational. Spec
sheet ava ilab le. Spare parts as needed. Ove ' ha uled a nd cen ;f ;ed . . . $595.00
Xerox co py o f Operat ion R e pa ir Manu al :
$ 3 5.00. A d d $1 00 .00 for 1/2 kc in l ieu o f 1 kc HEWLETTPACKARD
inc re me nts.
SPECTRUM ANAL YZER
The f amo us Model 85 5 1B w ith Display H .P.
NAVY TCS TRANSMITTER 8 5 1B. E xcel. c o nd o CE R TI FI E D w ith n ew
TWT . N o w redu ced to tess th an half of o r igin al
just arriv ed ! T his co llecto r 's item is no w
pri c e! Special. On ly $5500.00
availab le in n ew co nd it io n ! I.S to 12 Me.
CW an d AM . 50 waft CWo Id eal for a raft
of m u ll i-pu rp ose uses. Designed b y URGENTlY NEEDED!
Co llins R ad io . Brand new ! A Columbia We will p ay to p dollar fo r your late mode l
m il itary c om m u n icat io n equip me nt, and mil i-
special $75 .00 tary / commerc ial lab g rade test equip men t . Write
o r c a ll t o d a y :
IP-69JALA2 PANAOAPTER (213) 8752970 (213) 7649030
T h is co m pact u n it can be used wit h most Ham
ABC e iven after conversion. Complete with con- FM TRANSMITTERS & RECEIVERS
ve rsio n info and schematic. Good condition 70- 10 0 Mc . Single c ha n ne l. 50 W. ou tpu t .
. . .. . . . . ... . .. . . .. $19 .95
1 10 V, 6 0 cycl e . New and like n ew .
2 METER AIRCRAFT MONITOR R 19ITRC -l Receive r $49.50
RECEIVER 130-150MC T 14ITR C1 Transmitter $ 4 9. 5 0
A-748/TR C-47 s in gle c han nel AM c r y sta l con - FR E E sch em a t ics. Conver t ab le t o
t rolled 11 OV 6OCPS , p wr 5U ppl y & sp eak e r built 6 or 2 meters.
in, sq uelch , r -t ga in , d u a l c onvers ion mod e rn
design. Siz e 19"W x S"H x 14"0 for rack mtg.
Supp lied with sc hematic & h o o kup info . No NAVY CN -154/U AUTOMA TIC
c o nv e rsio n reQui red . Ex l c o nd it ion . . . .. $29 .9 5 LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Mfg. b y Superio r Elec tric . Va riac con t rolled.
TRANSMITTERS In put volt a ge : 95- 135 V , 1 P.H., 60 H z.
TRANSCEIVERS - RECEIVERS Ou tpu t : 11 0 - 12 0 V , 1 P.H., 6 0 Hz 4 KVA .
T -47 / A RT 13 2-18MC t ra nsmitter Less tubes - Full y m etered . E xc e llen t con d o " _ . _. $49 .50
Good co nditio n . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . $ 14.95
T-47/ A AT-13 with tubes E x!. C o nd it ion ... 49 .95 COMMAND Receivers Transmitters
AT-18/AR C -1 tra nsceiver 100-1 56M c E x !. Cond i- REC E I VERS
tio n . ... . . . .. . . . . .. .. ... . .. .. .... 39.95 190- 5 S0KC O -Ser Good Condition $14.95
AAC -3 transmitte r 24 c han nel 100-156 Me E x!. O r Like New 19.95
Condition 14.9 5 6-9 MC 4 0 Meters Good Condition 12 .95
BC-348 200 500 KC & 1.5 laMC Reconditioned XMT RS
24 V DC 7 5 .00 2 . 1 3 MC T 18/A RC-5 New 4 .95
ABB 6 0 0 -4 000 KC R eco nd . 1 15/ 1 / 60 100.UO 4 5.3 MC T -2 0 /A RC -S E x!. Cond ition 3 .95
RBC 4 - 27 MC R econd it ioned 1 15/1/60 100.00 4 -5 .3 MC 8 C 4 7 5 N e w 5 .95
ARC-3 R ec e iver 100-1 56 MC 24 Cha nnel Ex!. MD -7/A RC-5 Plate Mo d u la t o r For Above Xmtrs
Condit ion 14 .95 E x !. Con ditio n 4 _95
156 73 MAGAZINE
GET THE BIRD FROM HAMTRONICS
We have a complete stock of ali Bird wattmeters
and slugs on hand ... immediate delivery . Order a
new BIRD Ham-mate wattmeter for only $79, but
please specify if you want the 200/1000 watt model
or the 200/2000 watt model.
f \.
_.~
Oh no you don't!
Get your own BIRD!
Come to HAMTRONICS
2 METER
and see the largest ANTENNAS
Complete stock of FM
stock of new and Antennas for base or
used ham gear on mobile
Large drive-in on the
the East Coast. premises tor immediate
installation or service
Complete line of Motor-
P.S. - We ola H.E.P. transistors at
all times
will trade any
kind of electronic gear by
Cr edrt carda honored -
MUlerchaf,e, Bank Americlrd .
PNB, GEe. etc.
We ah ip an y.here in USA
,j,a UPS - NO CHARGE
TOYOU CORPORATION
r
HERE IT IS . . .
Hamtronics is boosting the economy with 15% OFF
EVERYTHING plus free shipping anywhere in the USA.
Everything is DISCOUNTED:
,
CUSH-CRAFT JOINS SOLID STATE SYSTEMS
I'" 1.11' 1/ I.'
f"fll ' 71'-'; ".,.
, pj'
I I:'., ,.. _ ........ pl". lJ:lJ ,. U_,.h_ 11.._ ...... l r ... lJ,.~.. 1
... ,h ."" .....' .~." ...
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,:,.." ,.., 1<,'." ",. .. ~ I " I . "
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" I."." 1','''. H",pIr H'. .,. " .. ....t
-
B"" I'",' " .....". ,~
H OOI 1< 0 . rol ..
.....
.....,.+,p, 7S,.,",.,
.....
become an eutho rized distributor
.."7 'T_
. m"
I :,_. -,-
" ''-..-.
In OIl
'n..__ --
." ...
- ... ! ... _
.m/ ., __ .......,.
'f'''1
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I ........... ... _P. I_ : _
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_
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" .... odd
1I%'
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IIU II
_h.. __
II ....... ,_1 J vOlt TT1. _ lolo- , ~'o" ;t,n ,..........
for Cush-Crah antennas. Call or ,: .. ,"', ,,, . ~ ' _ of II.,,,,",,"' ph., M r,.I......... 1 T""',.,dd ' 1'"
F", 71 1% i ','"' ,, '
,QUO" "', ,,,
n_ri~
' .....'0, "",,' ,.." " ,,,,.. UI",
",
'I P." 100_,..... _" M',lolo- ", .'.' ....' .......
,'H"",..w_ "'......
T.'
..w .".
Wrt~e for prtce and availabili~y. UII
l -l<;lf, H
lI' ""U I
."... ~, , n .l
J,"_ " .SOI
1~. ~ ...",. 11.";1'1-' "III! I (:O<enf'" 1/.1",.1.. "I If!
1'. ",-. flI ..1 ,....',... 111..1 ,... 1'. .. 111..1 ,... /I_lf/ .. 1 ' - '<0- 7_ _", un _ 'D """
\10\.1 ' . ....
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110-
(. (no. 1IlOO t (lO. Illlll 1....... ' I 100- 10011 100 11_ 1_ ..., .............. . . . ._ . "" liP D' ' r. w.. ,.., I ", "_ ":'0:0 ..
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P.O. 8011050 Garland . Tl. 75040
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display bezels
- .- Deluxe Electronic
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K A E L E C T R ONIC SALES
13''"' SLCJC:uM S TREET 0 4 L L "S , TEI< AS .,.~.,.
f~ 41"''''''- 3,",30
"'4"'' 6 62
,
NEW and SURPLUS ELECTRONICS FOR THE HAM
and EXPERIMENTER
W IC CLOC K
ELECTRO NICS (Kl'l') $45.50
HAND-fiNISHED SOUD
WALNUT CASE 8.95
Options :
'W"
, OOOU
6. 95
' .00
MANUAl. RSLr
AUTO- POWEll ersrr
."
."
THE TIME MACHI NE u'-\Uz ... th. , electrOnIc ' edl nlq"" . and .dvances to prOVIde "'...
InlonuUon Uk. no clock has bet"",, "La,q.
Seal. Int_all"" (lSI) CIrculi Pl""Ytdea the 1091"
SECONDS DISPLW , . 00 10 eotIver' l he 60 henz line Ireq ..."cy Inlo .. dupleyebl. l ime . In..... l opHona Include ..
IlUs",uobl" .ta..... CirCUit, fLve .. I<.ule snooze. end 24 "our tim" .
$ 19 9 5
NEW - GUARANT EED
PIIOVIDts A M.\RI(tR SIG NAL ON ALL STANOAJID
Z MITR r M CHAN NElS. I NCLUDI NG THE RI:PE.ATI:R COM PlEI'l: WITH RCHboRG ING STAND. rtNE TIP AND
INPUT AND DUPUT CHANHtLS loS WEll loS DIRECT INS TRUCTION IlOOKlXT
CHANNELS .
.B~hL
.......m'wt
Displa y
3 95 EACH NEW! WHEN IN DALLAS V ISIT OUR STO RE L~ "
SATURDAY 9 TO 5 .
i--~_-,I. S IM ' U\R TO MANSANT O MAN- I AND
ClPCOAS LA - 7 . r rrs rs I t PI N DI P SOC IIXT. SEND YOUR NAME IN FOR MAILIN G
-1.400 l- LIST AND CATALOG.
DiSPLAY ICIT I . INC LODS : 7 SEG Me NT LED . 74 t? $ 5.95
AND 74tO. COMING SOON : TOUCH-TONE DE CODER KI T.
DIS PLAY ICIT Z. INCW DS , 7 SEG ME NT lED . 7 441. 749 0 . 6.95
AND 747 5 .
A.HC "ISO-TIP"
Cordless Soldering Iron
Repl aceable t ips - Use ordmary solder - N o cord to
interfere - Ready to use instantly - Ideal t o use on
printed circuit boards. normal home and mdustry wiring
repairs - Easily rechargeable - Place in separate recharg -
ing stand when not in use - Recharges from " dead" to
" f ull charge" overnight . ,
low voltage with high wattage performance - "lso-Tip"
soldering lip const ruction eliminates electrical leakage.
t he need for grounding and the possibility of damage to
highly sensitive electronic components - Reaches solder-
ing temperat ure in 3-5 seconds - Specially designed for
good fee l and balance - Saves time - Push butto n o pera-
tion - B uilt -in work lig ht and pilo t light.
General Electric
Model MT 42 Mobile Un it 450 MHz
18 Watt Tran sistor Po we r
Supply wi th accessories . . . .$89
MT 4 2 Mobil e Uni t
less accessories $69
MT 4 2 Tra nsmi tter strip only . .$ 25
MT 42 Receiver strip only $30
MT 42 Power Supply $ 20
Motorola
Model T43GGV Mobile Unit
150 M Hz 30 Watt Vibrator
Power Supply
with accessories SS9
T 43GG V Mobile Unit
less accesso ries $69
T43GG V Tr an smitter str ip
T A 139 o nly $20
T43GGV Receiver strip
TA 140 only $35
T4 3GG V Power Supply
T U l 17 stri p $ 10
IC SPECIAL - ONE MONTH ONl Y
Our regu la r S1 5 1C b oard with apnrox . 14 0 DIP
IC.. on them, With id e n t shee t . F or o ne m onth
o nly we a re p ric in g them a t S6.50 per b oard to
red uce ou r mve ntorv . =lC -S $6 .50 Or 5 for $ 25
'~ .
~
.
.'.
. ,:,'
'
~ 4. NOISE ACTUATED SWITCH $1.35
I Solid state noise actuated swi rch tully wired,
includes m ike pick-up. amplifier , se A switc h .
A ctuates by n o is e or whistle . Useful fo r burglar
alarms , lamp lighter , etc . 15 It ra n g e .
Alp ha-nume ric key boar ds. E x ce llent to new in co nditio n . Styles may vary slightly
from pic ture. Two models ava ilab le . o ne with ASCII encoder in b ase $ 55.00 postpaid
in th e U .S. Kev boerd with no enco d er in b ase $35.0 0 postpaid in U .S.
KEY BOARDS
$35.00 & $55.00
Ie BONANIA
Brand new DTL dual inline lDIP) pa c kage,
factory marked ce ram ic type . T he pric e is
too good to be t rue . Fu ll y gua ranteed and
with specs.
Please add pos tage for above. JO HN M ESH NA JR. PO Box 62. e. LYNN MASS. 0 1904
,
THE MOST POWERFUL SCIENTIFIC CAlCU
lATOR FOR UNDER S500.00
The price of the 7400 is low enough to make a
desk tOF computer available to almost anyone.
Sq uare root o perat ion and fo urteen d igit LED display 16 d igits, the highest o u t put capacity of any MI TS
makes thi s mach ine t he choice of t hose who wan t the calc ula tor, ar e available on the 816 models on ly.
very best. Constant data memory an d co mp u te d fi xed decimal
Sophi st icated fu n ct io ns (made po ssib le by un iq ue syste m makes th e 8 16 a usefu l tool for business or
MOS-L SI circuitry) includ e a con stan t data memo ry, home use.
14 d igit independen t data memory , ne gati ve number
Human-engineered color coded keyboar d an d large
entry, a nd exchange o f o peran ds ... a ll are one touch
, operations !
clcc tro-f to u rcscent di splay gi ves both 816 models a
degree o f o perat ing ease a nd flexib ility unma tched in
MITS has provided expanding capabili ty for th e 816
mach ines cos ti ng hundreds more.
and 1440 by providing interfac ing for the soon to be
rel eased progra mming module a nd printer t o convert 8l6A Kit $149 .9 5
the ba sic unit into an impressive d esk to p co m pu te r. 8 l6A Asse mb led .. $179 .9 5
1440 Kit $199.95 816B Kit $159 .9 5
1440 Assemb led $249.95 816 B Assembled . . $189.95
4 DIGIT [hours, min ut es, a nd 1 sec. pul sed colon ) 6 DIGI T {hours, minutes, seconds )
DC4-E [electroni cs onl y J $39. 50 DC6-E [electronics o nly] $49.50
DC4-K [co mplete kit ) $4 8.50 DC6-K (complet e k it I $58.50
DC4-M [assem bled unit] $89 .50 DC6M (assemb led u nit] $99.50
,
LINEAR ,an_y ............tuo 5N7400 ' .21 Tn
LOWEST PRICES ON
I~ r,,~
.
15:11
"2
533
HI II
MI"
M Icro po-
,et. o:op 'amp
741 TO$
709 "
52.50
2 .50
2.50
5H7405
SN7406
5N7407
.2 7
.45
.4 5
5"'450
5H7 ,
51'47453 .2 1 .
.2 1
.,
0 5N74123
5H
74141
5N74145
.9 9
11 .25
.415
536 FE' Inp u t op amp 3 .95 5H7408 .2 9 5H7...., 5"
tU 7 P,ec illo.. 741 TO 5 2 .50 SH7409 .2 9 5 N 7 . . .. . . SO 74150 1 .45
540 7PW pw. d.h' p 2 .04 5N7410 .2 1 5N7480 . , 74151 1 .13
5 50 P,iK l.I... 723 OIIDa. r o a. 1.17 SH7411 .2 5 . 5N74153 1 .25
55S . . . 1 00
Tl ..... 2 u Se c_d , to I ....... SN7413 .7 5 5N7470
5N747, .39 5H7., , .
ass 15 TI...._ , . ., ... tM .. 741e .. . . .50 SN7418 .4 8 5H7'7'
~
.5'
.44
5H7.,
5N74156
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1.3 .
D ....I 741 ( mi nI DIP ) . . . . . . .8 8 5"7417 .4 8 5H7'7. ' . 5H 741 57
5"7420 .2 1 .~ 1 . 25
D .80 Ph lock loop s 3 .25 5N7 475 1 .00 5N74158 1.4 .
a
D
1561
562
565
Ptl
P
lock l_p DIP
lock loop DIP
pq. . loc" 100,", CAl . . - _
3.25
3 .25
3 .25
5"7421
SN7426
SN7430
SN74312
.2 1
.~2
.2 1
.2 S
5N747.
S N7 4 8 0
5N7481
.44
.6 5
1 .10
5N74160
SN74161
SN74162
1.7 9
1.7.
1 .79
B
O
B
566
5 87
595
runeuOfI _ . t o . I MI IOl DIP I 3 .25
T _ d ee ( M llOl DIP ) .. . . . . 3 .25
F_. . .u.lHI nt mUltiplier 3 .10
SN74317
SN74318
5H7440
.50
.5 1
.2 1
5N7482
5N7483
5N7486
.88
1 .25
.4 '
SN74163
SN74165
SN74174
1 .79
3 .50
3 .20
O 702C H i -a. ln. DC .mp. TO_S .4 4 5N7441 1 .00 5"7489 3 .50 SN74175 3 .20
70~C RF.IF P. 14 c " U . TO 5 .. . 6. 5N7442 1 .12 S"74.0 1 .00 5"74180 1.10
70tIC Ope tlo mp ( A) 39 5N74431 1 .21 5N7491 1 .10 5N74181 4 .50
710C D lff."lItl. ' p ( AI 39 5N7444 1 .21 5N7492 .7 1 5N74182 1.10
711C Du.1 dlft . c o m p (A ) _3 9 5N7445 1.50 5"7493 .7 1 5"74184 2 .50
72~C V.lta ul. t ( A) 95 5"7448 1.17 5H7494 1.10 SN74185 2 .50
741C F.eq_nc ,. c ...._n. .t ... 709(A ) . 41 5H7447 1 .25 5N7495 .9 5 5N74192 1.75
741CY
747C
748C
u .ney c o m p 709 ( m illi DIP )
D I 741C. (A )
.4 9
. 1.2 5
d l . 741C ( A, . . . . . . . . 45 . . .act...., M....... I
5N7448 1 .25
B
5"74.6
5H741oo
5H74107
1 .10
1 .41
.4 9
5"74193
5"74194
SH74195
1 .75
2 . 50
1 .1
70970. DU.I 709C (D'P ) 1 .00 ..... t...., c.... teocil 5"74121 .49 Sl'4741'8 2.65
70tICC GoIa. m illUI")'. DIP _ . . . 4' ..~~~~~~..... 5H74122 _6 7 5H741'9 2 _65
739739 D...... t . ...o pn."'1I 1.98 :-
78450 R,. 11_ d.. lver .. . . . . 88 t C I ~ ilit "'J" Gold
4250 P'Y'oc m .... b4. . .. am.. . 2.S0 U~ 1 TO _II 0. DIP du.l HI.POWER YARACTOR DIODES
Potter & Brumfield $4,.5 o
S t lld m Olln t . S im ila . to I ~_
KAPRELAYS 4 1'116 , 6 0 G H Z . 2 0 watt. ,
c a pacity 2lj- 32 m m' . :-lilt y
2 'or $1
, ... . '1 . millm o"id. mov.blee. All conl.cta 1 0 am p SP OT. C9,Ll
d a t lI I1VAC 22 110 olun., 17. 11 mao 1 2 VDC 21 mil.
$1.98
1100 0 H ... we. 6 ox. Fita In
"t"um ot hlUld. " 2 :&/ 8'" X
0......7. ~ 2. 11
5 .011 25.11
1 6 8 ohm. Slae: 2'/ X 1 5/ 16.... Wt, 4 on. C. nt.r p In
ml.. I"... Corn u Mf Iype e q ual too.
1 !l/ x " X 'f/ . " . I mpact pl&atic
8 tOO
7 .11 75.1(
a 500
2 .011
10.11
20.110
100.11
5 M. ..
We ..t ock L o.. knut Hu ehln ll &<
ALLEN BRADLEY'S
'TRANSISTOR' POTS
a
O hm
; 5
100
"0 a B
500
1.011
2 .511
7 ,511 D 25.K
10.0K 0 5 0 . K
DB ~~g:
2 M
An y 4
Sc reW drive r t yp..a a t m. T yp .. ~'. Scr. w d rlVe r .di"~ t. 0 200 750 0 5.0K D 20.011 D 75.K D 5 M.I!: for $1
I" ", prlcu .
L.w1 x.lc _ o
7SEGMENT $3.95
INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT
LED READOUTS
Onl7
3 to. $10 .
D M"'N_4 .qu.l. ,."Inny MAN_l1
SOCKETS Space . .m a MAN-l t,.po
.",. A.y :I _ T"II. I..
o 14-PI... du.1 In II... . . .4. 0 _9 p Ill. Iptt... ,
oa I.
TO
P in. dOl'll In lIf . . 50
10 p I 2. BURROUGHS 5755R
Sn a p. in I ~ _p i n LliP
.. kp l . ' ", " ~H ,
O-\t. wll h ri .. ht and Ip tt d pc _ ch ! : l / \f..H.
Poly Pab Will
Se Under.oldl
Nell.'
$2 ,95
im. llI. ~ ..o n "-"d . k .. qui .... .
175 vo lu 1 7 mila . 1'/ 2 " "
0 .5" character ai " e : .5 1 ".
II V . 2 0 _m il. pOI
..h ...... t .. . . : /
O See"."
g.
3 / 1 01 "
. 5 0 .
_ ,1'
Dollar
~
"LIDS". v i.ibl mic~o_ ml.. ialur.. . ... ial 1.. &<1 .
~ , ... '10.
BRAN D NE W L O WE ST P RICE S
o
GENERAL $ 2.9 5
ELECTRIC 3 F OR .6.00
3-WATT AU DI O A MP
D.. Jivers:1. watts c ontmuous 1 0
heat si!",ks; micro-mini lIi"e : 3'4';'lh xl;:"';tt~ tl)e:~\r W ith
ply. Jl lIl; h s ens itivi ty. 8 tu' 1 6 oh 2 . F 0. sup-
st..r ..o ph ono s . t ap.. FM . A'I
. TV ms.
s .. rvo. Or mun o a nd
o 5_ P c. K it
u_ ,
Mike a,"pllflor
00 ,
$5 "gY5
In c lu d " .. S N 7 4 9 0, d"c _
a de co un t .. r . S 1'> 7 475-
$5.95
u .J
la t c h , S N7 4 4 1 B CD d e _
c
Ph_o arnpllfi_
T pllfiet"
5SS Kc. to
coder d rive r , 0 to9
Nix ;e t u b e , soc k et &;
'0.
S 16 .00
1500 Ku Br_d~.t band ins tructIOns.
AC or DC
Originally d len for nabl. phono
o,.ate ml, and uP. c tt 1 NATIONA L 30 ' 7 . '0
O ne o f the m o s t ve rll atil e AM Rad io and m u lti -pu r pos e
amp li fien we ha ve s e e n at P o ly P akll f a m o us "&cono m )' ''
p ri c e. M e aau ru on ly 4 l!2" X 3" x 2 " h igh . W ith t u n i n g
capa c itor , I F cl rcui t ryt loopa tlck, ant .. vol um e cont r o l
!~!;~~~~~ ~m~C:O~~~~I~e~all ) 02 75 Ii
1
set. O ve r lo a d a n d s hort Clrc U,t p r oof. No e XCe r -
na l com pon e nt... With spe c sh e ets.
w ith swi tc h , AC lin d poo n o - m ike j a c ks, Sep arate s w itc h
f o r c h ana-i n lt f r om AM r adio to amp li fier. V aes e ithe r O LM 3 7 0 AGe SQUELCH AMP $1.49 3 for $3.78
l 1 QV p l ug.;n a d apter ( not w ith un it ) and a 9 .vo lt
b a ttery p o w er. E x cep tio n al sen s iti vi ty a nd p ower . Fe e d s T ype D escrip t io n sa le
i nto 1 6 o h m s p e a k e r , C o mpl ete with s p ec s h e e ta , d la -
g ram a , and h o okup i d e a s .
GIANT oo DM 8091
DM 8093
T r i - S t a te Q uad B u ffer
T r i - S tate Qu ad B u ff e r
$1.00
1.00
SALE o DM80 94 Tri_S t ate Q u a d Buffe r 1.00
ON O D M8 2 0 0 4 . B it Comparator . . . . . . . . I.S0
o DM 8 210 8 C h a n n e l S witch , 1 .00
NATIONAL D DM8220 P arit y G.. n er a t o r C h e cker . 1.00
ProgTammab le ROM 8 .88
"'C'S" 0
o DM8223
DM8 2 50 B inar y to O ctal D e c o d ..r . . 1 .00
o DM82 81 P r es et B ina r y C ounter 1 .19
o DM8288 P r e s et Di vi d e b y 1 2 1.19
oo DM8 502
DM8 5 20
S a m e a s 7 4 1 0 7 .... ....
M o d u lo Di v ide b y 2 16 . . . 1 . 50
.41
o DM 85 5 5 Tri-Sta te Pre se t Count..r .. 1 . 95
o DM868 0 Binar y C o u n ter 1.00
o DM 8 80 0 D u a l V o lt a ll"e Tra n s lat e r 1 .00
,0 DM8 830 D u al D1ff. L in e D r i v e r 1 .00
o DM8845 S a m e as S N 7 4 45 1.4S
o DM884 5 Sameaa S N7 4 4 5 . . . . . . . 1.45
o DM8 880 Hi Amp, 7 . Seg. D e c . Driver 1 .95
,
READER SERVICE PROPACATIO;"; CIIART
Please either t ear ou t t h is li s t 0 1 a dve r t is e rs and se n d it
in to 73 with as man y b o x es c h ec k ed off as yo u wo u ld
like to see brochures, data sheets o r c a t a logs . .. o r
Nelson J. II.
else make a c o p y and s e nd that in. I ne lud e your z ip Cood (Open), Fair (0), Poor (0)
code, please.
1 1 3 A l A 1 18 ' 4
1
1
7
.
1 4
o Hamtronics 158. 159 o Tetrex 107
o Harrison 133 o Topeka FM 109,162
o Hatry 21 c Tucker 163
o Heath 84 o Unidyne 146
ARGENTI NA '. 1 8 18 1 1 1 8 1. ala'2.2,
o Henry 18 o Valpey 9 AUSTRA LIA 21 .4 18 18 18 1 1 1 ,. 1. 2'
o Hobby Industries 98 c Vanguard 150 CA NA LZDN E ,. 1 1 7 1 1 14 2. 21 21 21
o Hy-Gain 134-137 c ENGLAND 11 1 3A 3A 3A 1810 ' . A'. 11 11
Van W2DLT 67
o Jan Crystals 67 o I1AWAII a' ,817,17,8 a.a.
o Jeff-Tronics 146 VHF Engineering 101
o IND IA 1 1 18 18 18 18 J8 1 1A 18 18 18
o Jensen 24 Vibroplex 24
o JAPAN .. ,. 18 78 ~A 3A 3A 7 7 11 18 14
, ,
~ ~
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. ". "
ARGENTINA n
73 Stuff " " , " ", "
Subscriptions 121
AI,/STRALIA
CA NA L lONE " " ,
,~
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" "
"
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Bookshop 122,123 ENGLAND ~
,
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73 Representatives 19 HAWAIt
INDIA ,
", " , r, " . n
" " ",
Reader servi ce inquiries n ot solic it ed. Correspond
directly t o company .
~."
MEIOCD .." '. .,"
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Name
Address
Call U. S . S . R.
EAST COAS T ." ,.
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A = Next higher frequency may be usefu l also .
Zip B = Difficult c ircu it th is period .
,
Yaesu presents the great
two-meter leap forward
Since Yaes u makes and sel ls more factory- as- Th e FT-2 A UTO will ope rate f rom eithe r 117
semble d amateur rigs th an any othe r co mpany V AC o r 12 V DC power sources.
in the world, it foll ows that we 'll o nly place de- Rece iver/transmitter spec ifications inc lude :
pendable, fully-perfecte d products on th e mar ket. se lecta ble 10 Watt or 1 Watt power-output levels :
So now, after more th an two th oughtful years a frequ en cy- adju stabl e tone-burst generato r for
of devel opm ent, here are o ur ent ries in th e two- repeate r activat ion: 0.3 uV se nsitivity for 20 db
meter FM field : q uieting; 10.7 MHz crysta l filter, in addit io n to a
455 kHz ce ra mic fil ter , for su pe rb adjacent
YAESU FT-2 AUTO ch ann el rej ecti on ; adj usta ble dev iatio n and mi ke
gain co ntrols; Hi-Q slo t-co upled resonato rs used
in rece iver front end; all sol id-state co nst ruct io n,
with d iod e-protected MOSFET input stage.
Th is exci ting new rig is avai lable now. Just
send yo ur check for $329.95 - or use Master
Charge or Ban kAm eri card. We'll even include a
free ant i-theft mounti ng brac ket th at locks up
your rig whe n its going mobile.
YAESU FT-2FB
This new unit features the same receiver/trans-
mitter spec ificat ions listed above for th e FT-2