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a
Nuclear Nanomaterials Development Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 150 Dukjin-dong,
Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
b
Department of Metallurgical Engineering Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
c
Advanced Technology Center, Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI), Daejeon 305-380, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox (BSCCO-2212) tubes were fabricated by melt and solidication process. BSCCO-2212 powder compact was melted
in a resistance furnace using a Pt crucible and poured in a rotating cylindrical mold. The solidied BSCCO-2212 tube samples were heat-
treated at various temperatures in oxygen atmosphere. The currentvoltage curves at 77 K of the samples were obtained by transport
measurement, and the microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the critical current (Ic) of
the BSCCO-2212 samples was dependent on the heating schedule regarding the grain growth of the BSCCO-2212 plates and the forma-
tion of the second phase.
2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PACS: 84.71.Mn
*
2. Experimental
Corresponding authors. Address: Nuclear Nanomaterials Develop-
ment Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 150
Dukjin-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea (J.S.
Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+d (BSCCO-2212) and 10 wt.% SrSO4
Choi). Tel.: +82 42 868 8024; fax: +82 42 868 8275 (C.J. Kim). powders were mixed by hand milling. The addition of
E-mail address: cjkim2@kaeri.re.kr (C.J. Kim). SrSO4 to BSCCO powder is to improve the mechanical
0921-4534/$ - see front matter 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.physc.2007.05.036
J.S. Choi et al. / Physica C 463465 (2007) 452454 453
properties of the melt-processed BSCCO-2212 bulk and to due to the trapped gas during solidication of the melt.
control the viscosity of the high temperature melt [5]. In addition to the surface voids, cracks were also often
The powder mixture was put in a Pt crucible or alumina observed, depending on the melting and solidication con-
crucible, then the crucible was placed at the center of the dition. At an optimized processing condition, with low vis-
electric furnace and was heated to 1200 C. The powder cosity of the melt and high preheating temperature for the
mixture was fully melted after 2 h holding at 1200 C. mold, cracks were rarely developed.
The melt was taken out of the furnace and then poured into Fig. 2 shows the IV curves of the BSCCO-2212 tubes
a cylindrical mold rotating at a speed of 2520 rpm, pre- heat-treated at (a) 800 C and (b) 810 C for 120 h. The
heated at 550 C for 2 h. For easy separation of the voltage drop was measured at four parts of the tubes;
BSCCO-2212 bulk from the mold, a releasing agent was two points near both ends and two points near center to
sprayed on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube. After understand the Ic homogeneity. The maximum Ic of the
pouring the BSCCO-2212 melt, the mold was furnace- tube heat-treated at 800 C was lower than the Ic of the
cooled to room temperature, and then the tube was sepa- tube heat-treated at 810 C. The Ic uniformity calculated
rated from the cylindrical mold. The dimension of the tube from the dierence between the measured value at specic
was 30 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length. distance and the end-to-end value for the tubes prepared at
The phase formed after the solidication of the melt in a 800 C and 810 C were 8% and 12%, respectively. The
mold was identied by X-ray diraction as a semi-amor- average Ic at 77 K of two tubes were 604 A and 832 A,
phous phase due to the slow kinetics of the melt to respectively. The Jc values at 77 K of the tubes prepared
BSCCO-2212 phase. To understand the eect of heat-treat- at 800 C and 810 C were 197 A/cm2 and 240 A/cm2,
ment on the development of microstructure and phase respectively. Not illustrated here, the tube prepared at
changes, the tubes were heat-treated at 750850 C for 820 C showed the lower current properties than the tube
120 h in oxygen atmosphere. prepared at 810 C. It implies that the processing window
The currentvoltage curves at 77 K of the BSCCO-2212 to achieve a high Ic and Jc is as narrow as 10 C.
bulks were obtained by a four probe method. The critical
electric current (Ic) and critical electric current density
(Jc) were estimated from the IV curves. The phase formed
in the BSCCO-2212 bulks was analyzed by X-ray dirac-
tion (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Fig. 1. Photo of the BSCCO-2212 tube fabricated by melt and solidica- Fig. 2. Currentvoltage curves of the BSCCO-2212 tube prepared at
tion process. (a) 800 C and (b) 810 C.
454 J.S. Choi et al. / Physica C 463465 (2007) 452454