AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.

htm

TSUNAMI REHABILITATION WORKS & TSUNAMI RESISTANT WALLFOR KALPAKKAM

talk by Shri. C. Sivathanu Pillai, Addl Chief Engineer, Civil, IGCAR

Effect of Tsunami
On 26th Dec., 2004, when the Tsunami waves struck the east coast of southern India, both the plant site and the township at Kalpakkam suffered some damage.

Damage in Township

Due to entry of sea water,

- a large number of houses, hospital and other facilities at Kalpakkam Township (Pudupattinam & Sadras) were affected.

Due to Tsunami waves,

- 38 persons including 4 employees, family members and visitors to
Township lost their lives.
- More than 400 houses out of 5010 was affected.

Damage in Plant Site

2nd unit of MAPS which was operational at the time of the incident could be shutdown in safe manner and there was no concern of nuclear safety.

Sea water inundated the excavation pit for PFBR. All the 150 labourers working inside the pit could escape safely due to the timely alert given by the construction engineer.

Immediate Measures After Tsunami

Township

- Control room setup immediately within half an hour under the

chairmanship of Director, IGCAR with other unit Heads.

- Immediate relief and rehabilitation measures were taken.

Emergency medical relief to the affected in and arround the township

carried out.

Bridge between Sadras and pudupattinam and water supply,

1 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM
AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.htm

Electricity, sewerage system and telecommunication were restored

within 24-48 hours.

- Entire township was disinfected to avoid any spread of epidemic.

- Township was brought back to life within 3 days.

- Schools were re-opened within a week.

Plant site

2nd unit of MAPS became operational on 2nd January 2005

after getting necessary regulatory inspection and clearance.

PFBR pit ( 100mX96mX18m) dewatered (water level had

reached upto 8 m from base of pit).

Pit was made ready for reconcreting work after regulatory

authority clearance and the reconstruction work started.

TSUNAMI HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE

A high level committee was constituted by CMD, NPCIL

under the chairmanship of Dir, IGCAR. The constituted
members were from
CWPRS, Pune
SERC Chennai
OEC, IIT, Chennai
NIO, Goa
GSI
IMD
IGCAR
NPCIL
BHAVINI

Conclusion of the committee

Adequate design margin against Tsunami exists at PFBR in view of the high finished grade levels (FGL) in both the Nuclear Island and Power Island
The sand pit at MAPS and the naturally occurring sand dunes on the southern side of MAPS need to be protected and strengthened
The design and safety features provided at MAPS enable safe shutdown of the reactor and its continued maintenance in a safe shutdown state after a Tsunami event.

Additional measures taken/planned in township and surroundings

2 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM
AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.htm

30,000 saplings were already planted to bring back the natural greenery to the area
additional bridge connecting Sadras and Pudupattinam
engineered RCC barrier wall with sand dunes all along the Coast of Kalpakkam Township
emergency exit in school and emergency access to the first floor of the hospital
Construction of 150 nos of houses by April 2006.
Construction of water treatment plant of 1.00 MGD for DAE township at Kalpakkam and 0.5 MGD for Anupuram township by December 2006.

Meditation Camps as well as Counselling classes

Awareness programmes and emergency preparedness

Generation of employment for fishermen under MS Swaminathan foundation are planned and are being implemented

A mobile Desalination Plant was handed over to Meyur Kuppam residents from BARC which can supply 5000 litre/day potable water from sea water

MITIGATION MEASURES PROPOSED FOR KALPAKKAM

Field Survey is carried out to obtain

- width and area of tsunami inundation
- height of run-up in different areas
- tidal gauge measurements
- extent and nature of damage

Construction of Barrier wall along shore for Township

Vertical Evacuation Planning

Defense in depth approach - a vertical evacuation plan can be

evolved for important public buildings like schools and hospital

Review of Staircase provisions in schools, hospital

Ensuring provision of backup facilities in hospital in upper

stories during an emergency.

3 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM
AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.htm

Coastal Plantation

Provision of sand-slopes to minimize impact due to waves and

debris

Sea-weeds will be grown along the coast to protect the slope

from erosive action of wind

Forest cover will be planted along the coast to reduce the

energy of the waves

Proposed Coastal plantation for Kalpakkam as per

M. S. Swaminathan Foundation

Mitigation measures proposed for kalpakkam township

Retaining wall
Rubble fill
Sand dunes
Coastal plantation
Embankment for Sadras backwater

Construction of barrier wall along the shore of township

Proposed reinforced concrete barrier wall for township

Parameters for design

Environmental conditions pertaining to waves,tides, littoral drift, storm and tsunamis for the stretch of Kalpakkam coast considered.

4 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM
AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.htm

Design of retaining wall

Mean sea level = 6.096m

Highest high water level = 6.896m (Chennai Port Trust)
Surge level = 4.4 m ( level observed at KALPAKKAM)
Top elevation of
retaining wall = +11.5m (min)

Impact pressure of
waves = 6t/m2 (wave pressure due to non-breaking wave)
Design pressure of
waves = 3t/m2 (pressure reduction due to rubble protection is 50% for flat waves)

Retaining wall details

Height of the wall = 4.5m

Thickness of wall = 0.3m
Main steel = 16mm dia bars @175c/c
Thickness of base = 0.3m
Main steel at base =16mmdia bars @ 200c/c
Thickness of
counterfort =0.3m
Main steel at
counterfort =4 no.s 25mm dia.

RCC Protection wall

RCC Protection wall

Design of Rubble fill
(based on shore protection manual)

STORM Condition
Storm surge height =2.1m (100yrs return period)
Maximum wave height=1.17m (without sand dune)

5 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM
AARCO - Tsunami Rehabilitation http://aarco.co.in/tsunami_wall.htm

Size of stone =0.6m

Tsunami Condition
Water depth = 5m (Run-up data)
Velocity of flow =7m/sec
Size of rubble = 0.75m

Design of embankment for SADRAS backwater

Tsunami
Water depth = 3.5m (run-up data)
Velocity of flow =5.85m/sec
Size of rubble = 0.75m
Flow component = 5.49m/sec
(along center of channel)
Size of stone =1.5m
Geotextile to be provided between sand and embankment to prevent scour

Extension of bridge by two bays thereby widening the backwater mouth by 1.5 times the existing width

Design of protection barrier

Indian Institute of Technology , Chennai was appointed for the Design of RCC barrier wall for Kalpakkam township. Opinion was sought from Central Water Power Research Station,
Pune. Consequently the design was finalised between IIT, CWPRS and IGCAR.

Home|Events|Useful Programs|Discussion Forum|Contact us

6 of 6 1/14/2011 1:23 PM