Grids PDF

BAGD
Phil McDonald
Grids
& divine proportions
Introduction to grids
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Fibonacci
Sequence
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Fibonacci sequence ratio 8:13

links to Golden section
This sequence is not only evident

within design but also nature.
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Fibonacci Sequence
The human face follows the

ratio and we find people whose
faces are truer to the ratio more
attractive. (?)
Classic Renaissance
masterpieces, architecture from
antiquity, and even human body
parts are proportioned based
on the ratio down to the fingers
themselves.
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Fibonacci Sequence
A series of numbers in
which each number is the sum of 0+1= 1 0+1= 1
two preceding numbers.
1+1= 2
1+2= 3 1+1= 2
2+3= 5
3+5= 8 1+2= 3
5+8= 13
8+13= 21 2+3= 5
13+21= 34
21+34= 55
34+55 = 89
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Draw two small squares together.

1 & 1 = 1
Draw a third square using the

combined lengths of the two
original squares together.
1 1 = 2
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Continue to repeat this process

and the set will form as shown...
1
2
1
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
55 point title should be

complemented with 34 point body copy
by applying Fibonaccis sequence.
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Apply your understanding of

the fibonacci sequence
using grided paper.
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Dividing the page
Dividing the
page
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Golden Section
Golden Section
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Golden Section
...Forms the basis of paper sizes

and its principles can be used as Golden Section Rule - 8:13
a means of achieving balanced
designs.
Many ancient cultures from

Egyptians to the Greeks used this
thinking to gain beautiful designed
1.62
proportions. is the golden number
*Fibonacci sequence ratio 8:13
links to Golden section
BAGD
Golden Section
Is also known as the Golden Basic Calculations to finding the Golden Section of a
Rectangle. page:
Definition - 1.62 divided with page width.
Golden Rectangle is a rectangle

in which the ratio of the length to
the width is the golden ratio
56cm
Divide by 1.62
= 34.56
(Round off to... 35)
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Golden Section
56cm 21cm 35cm
Divide by 1.62 21cm 35cm

= 34.56 (35)
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Golden Section
35
Divide
by 1.62
22cm 13cm
= 21.60
(22)
21cm 35cm
BAGD
Golden Section
22
Divide 6cm 3cm
by 1.62
9cm 5cm
= 13.58 14cm 8cm

(14)
21cm 35cm
BAGD
Golden Section
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Apply your understanding of

the Golden Section by
dividing your grided paper
into the golden ratio.
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Golden Section
The Rule Of
Thirds
BAGD
Rule of Thirds
The concept of the golden ratio

can be simplified.
The rule of thirds governs the

placement of points of interest in
a scene.
Divide any given image into thirds

both horizontally and vertically.
Youll get 9 grids.
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Rule of Thirds
According to the rule of thirds,

the vertices of those lines (where
the lines cross) are the ideal
placement for points of interest.
People scanning the page are

more likely to notice things placed
near the points, and the division is
comfortable to view.
BAGD
Rule of Thirds
People scanning the

page are more likely to
notice things placed
near the focal points,
and the division is
comfortable to view.
More complex design

is possible by breaking
down those thirds into
further thirds.
focal point
BAGD
Rule of Thirds
Major images, news

boxes, search bars
and any other points
of interest can be
nestled on or near the
horizontals.
This little shortcut will

give you a design that
is both easy on the
eyes and makes people
drawn to key pieces of
information.
information
point
BAGD
Fibonacci Sequence
Break down & cut out your

layouts using the rule of
thirds.
Find focal points &

information points.
BAGD
Golden Spirals
Another method of using both

the golden ratio and Fibonacci
numbers are the golden spirals
and Fibonacci spirals.
The spirals have been used

in artwork for as long as the
numbers and ratios themselves.
The theory is that areas of

negative space and visual interest
should fit within the spiral. Within
this image, as with the rule of
thirds, the eye is naturally drawn
to the center of the spiral to look
for details.
BAGD
Golden Spirals
The spirals can serve as a

guideline for content density and
clustering.
They can serve as the foundation

for the ratio of your website
header images, search bars and
tool bars.
BAGD
Identify Your Grid
Cut layouts into columns, headers, footers,

images, subheadings etc...
Identify its grid.
BAGD
Identify Your Grid
Using different magazine layouts -
Frankenstein a custom layout of your

choice and hand make a grid of your own...
BAGD
End bit...
Using the divine proportion, you give

yourself an edge of natural logic and
organic grace that all humans have a
subconscious attraction to.
The golden ratio is yet another tool at your

creative disposal...
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Canons
& Grids
week 2
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Van De Graaf
canon
BAGD
Van De Graaf
...A gridded page is much like

scaffolding for a building.
It is a structure that elements

can be organized.
A grid will help continuity to be

maintained and information
digested with flow.
BAGD
Van De Graaf
The Van de Graaf canon is a

historical reconstruction of a
method that may have been
used in book design to divide a
page in pleasing proportions.
This canon is also known as the

secret canon used in many
medieval manuscripts and
incunabula.
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Van De Graaf
The construction of Van de

Graafs canon, works for any
page width:height ratio.
BAGD
Van De Graaf
BAGD
Van De Graaf Symmetrical layout.
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Van De Graaf Single Page Canon
BAGD
Van De Graaf Asymmetrical Layout
BAGD
Gutenberg
Historian John Man suggests

that Gutenbergs Bible page
was based on the golden ratio.
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Octavo Format
The text area and margin

proportions are determined by
the starting page proportions.
BAGD
Golden page & Resarivos 9ths
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Application of Canon
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BAGD
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Leading
a very brief overview
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Width Of Column
Column width is more than just According to empirical rule there

design or format. should be 7 words per line for a
text of any length.
it is also based on legibility.
To keep the type area light and
Printed Collateral (text) is read open (in appearance) we must
by the eye of a distance of 30 - consider the leading.
35cm.
i.e. The vertical distance from line

to line which suits the size of the
type.
BAGD
Width Of Column
Overlong text lines tire the eye,

as do overshort ones.
Readers find overlong lines

strenuous to read.
This is because too much energy

is spent keeping the horizontal
line in sight over a long distance.
Too short of a line and your eye
chages text lines too often.
Wrong column
widths lead to...
Time and Energy

wasted.
BAGD
Width Of Column
Column widths with

12 point sans serif.
14 point leading.
A column is easy
to read if it is wide
enough to fit in
average 10 words per
line.
BAGD
Width Of Column

17 point leading.

24 point leading.

28 point leading.

32 point leading.
BAGD
Width Of Column
The key is ease of

reading.
Text must not impair

the rhythm of reading.
Advertising Its function
This can not apply to
titles and subtitles. functions is to sell.
require
headings Are
to standout columns
and be just
absorbed by aesthetic
the eye. creatures?
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Margin
Proportions
BAGD
margins
Margins can have a influence Too small - looks over full.

on the overall feel of a page of
print.
Too large - exageration.
Well balanced margins on the

sides, head and tail can create
an agreeable impression.
BAGD
margins
1
BADLY PROPORTIONED...
1 1
1 X 1 X 1 X 3 (picas)
Side margins are the same

width, looks wishy-washy.
Same sized margins can never

generate an interesting page
design...
BAGD
margins
THEY GENERATE THE IMPRESSION

OF INDECISION AND DULLNESS...
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margins
3
WELL
PROPORTIONED...
Intended to be the right hand 4 3

page due to larger left margin.
More applicable to literature

rather than advertising etc...
The margins are luxurious but

would this increase print costs?
BAGD
margins
Well...
Is it all just about aesthetics?
BAGD
Phil McDonald
The type area!

no... really.
BAGD
Type Areas
1 & 2 Column
Grids
BAGD
Phil McDonald
Construction
of grids
week 3
BAGD
construction
Before you can apply a grid

you must understand the
requirement of the grid for the
work to be produced.
Typeface, text & illustrations, print

method and paper quality must be
confirmed beforehand (ideally).
Thumbnail sketches will make

your job of final layouts easier and
Always start with small productive.
sketches...
Thumbnail sizes should be
proportonate to the final
format...
... to make your job of final
layouts easier and productive.
BAGD
construction
Before drawing your 2 columns, logically, 2 column division

sketches, consider gives you more can be subdivided
the number of scope: to create a 4 column
columns needed. page...
1 column for text
For example...
1 column for
illustration
1 column only for
text and illustrations they can be mixed
gives little freedom together
of layout.
Restriction of
making illustrations
small, medium or
large.
BAGD
construction (with Tom Selleck - Magnum P.I)
1 column only 2 columns mixed together...
1 column for text

1 column for illustration
BAGD
construction (with Tom Selleck - Magnum P.I)
Three columns
opportunities for
arranging and
accomodating text
and illustrations in
numerous sizes.
You could also

subdivide the
three column grid
into a 6 column
arrangement.
Three columns Subdivided into 6
BAGD
construction
Disadvantages of 6 column systems are:
Lines of text will be narrow.

Small typeface will have to be used.
... But ...
This solely rests on the function that is to be

performed!
BAGD
construction
For statistics, figures, graphs & trend line

publications:
Use 4 columns per page.
BAGD
construction
Remember:
4 columns can be subdivided into 8, 16 +

columns...
Convenient for representing stats.
BAGD OK BAD ???
construction
The width of a
column dictates
the size of typeface
used.
The rule:
The narrower a
column is, the
smaller the typeface.
Why is that?
BAGD
Quick Task...
You have an annual report to layout.
You can only use one single page.

You have to use a minimum of 3 columns.
You have six images of pie charts to use.
**Include header, footer, headline,

subheading, body text**
BAGD
Thumbnails
Thumbnails
& Developments
BAGD
Thumbnails in design process...
in a
Make a variety
of thumbnails of
layouts / designs.
nut
Do not rely on
just one set of
thumbnails.
shell
Enlarge a small
selection of
appropriate
thumbnails by 1:1.
Compare them and

select and repeat
process until you are
confident with the
design.
BAGD
Thumbnails
Apply type
to columns...
BAGD
Apply type to columns
The first line must fit

flush to the top limit
of the column grid.
The last line must

stand on the bottom
limit.
Keep calm, it is
difficult to find the
final solution the first
time around.
It could mean that

your grid field is too
high or too low.
BAGD
1:1 thumbnail type area with Divide into further 2 or 3 text Divide the text column into 2 or Decide what type point size
the depth and breadth that columns. 3 fields. and leading for the text.
fits best both functionally and
aesthetically example shows 2 columns. To know that you have the
Divide the type area into two correct type point size for the
columns by adding gutters. space you are filling in you
must have the same amount of
lines per field within the overall
column.
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10 point type
15 point leading
Column length 15cm
loosely means use

15 point leading.
at this length there

must be 10 lines per
field.
meaning 30 lines
every per 15cm.
The depth of my
fields ascertains
how many 10point
type lines i have.
BAGD
Figure 1 -
Match grid fields to
the lines of text that
live next to field line.
It must be measured
as 1 line space. A
proportion of the
leading and type
point size.
Figure 2 -
Final 6 field grid.
1 2
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Lines of text aligned

to grid fields.
BAGD
Headings and body text
Font Heights
BAGD
Font heights
4 point type 7 point type

6 point leading 10 point leading
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industrys standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown print-
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industrys stan-
er took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was pop-
ularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. dard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a
type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining es-
sentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum pas-
sages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Caption text Header & Footer text
BAGD
Font heights
10 point type 20 point type Subheading

13 point leading
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been
the industrys standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley
subheading example one
Headline 2
of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but
also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in
the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recent-
Body Text 40 point type Headline
BAGD
Type & Picture
Type & picture

8 field grid...
BAGD
8 Field Grid
A4+ Format. If using 8 field grids,

you can subdivide
8 & 20 grid fields. into 16 grid fields.
8 grid fields are

used frequently for 8 and 16 grid fields
advertising material give you a range of
and brochures. possibilities.
BAGD
8 Field Grid
BAGD
8 Field Grid
8 grid fields allow

various sizes of
illustrations to be
portrayed.
You can use with or

without text.
You need to have a

good perception of
composition.
BAGD
8 Field Grid
The grid is only an instrument

in which you, a designer, can
make interesting and balanced
designs.
BAGD
8 Field Grid
BAGD
8 Field Grid
BAGD
8 Field Grid
BAGD
20 Field Grid
20 field grid has quite a large

scope for idea solutions.
There is around 42 possible

layout options.
BAGD
20 Field Grid
Example.... and so on....
BAGD
20 Field Grid
BAGD
Overall So far...
So, there you have the basics.
It is up to you to use the

teachings to create and develop
your design response.
...Are grids et al an aesthetic

choice?

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BAGD

Fibonacci sequence ratio 8:13

This sequence is not only evident

The human face follows the

Draw two small squares together.

Draw a third square using the

Continue to repeat this process

55 point title should be

Apply your understanding of

Dividing the page

...Forms the basis of paper sizes

Many ancient cultures from

Definition - 1.62 divided with page width.

Golden Rectangle is a rectangle

56cm 21cm 35cm

Divide by 1.62 21cm 35cm

= 13.58 14cm 8cm

Apply your understanding of

The concept of the golden ratio

The rule of thirds governs the

Divide any given image into thirds

Youll get 9 grids.

According to the rule of thirds,

People scanning the page are

People scanning the

More complex design

Major images, news

This little shortcut will

Break down & cut out your

Find focal points &

Another method of using both

The spirals have been used

The theory is that areas of

The spirals can serve as a

They can serve as the foundation

Identify Your Grid

Cut layouts into columns, headers, footers,

Identify its grid.

Identify Your Grid

Using different magazine layouts -

Frankenstein a custom layout of your

Using the divine proportion, you give

The golden ratio is yet another tool at your

...A gridded page is much like

It is a structure that elements

A grid will help continuity to be

The Van de Graaf canon is a

This canon is also known as the

The construction of Van de

Van De Graaf Symmetrical layout.

Van De Graaf Single Page Canon

Van De Graaf Asymmetrical Layout

Historian John Man suggests

The text area and margin

Golden page & Resarivos 9ths

Column width is more than just According to empirical rule there

i.e. The vertical distance from line

Overlong text lines tire the eye,

Readers find overlong lines

This is because too much energy

Time and Energy

Column widths with

15 point sans serif.