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Canine Distemper Prevention, Prognosis

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Prevention of Canine Distemper

The best prevention against canine distemper is vaccination. Vaccination works well even in animals that have
already been exposed to the virusif it is administered within 4 days of exposure. Exposure to CDV via
vaccination induces long lasting, but not permanent, immunity. Dogs should receive annual vaccinations to
ensure protection.

There are several different types of distemper vaccines available, each with advantages and disadvantages.
Pet owners should discuss the various options with their veterinarians. The two most common vaccines are
canine tissue culture-adapted vaccines and chick embryo-adapted vaccines.

Canine tissue culture-adapted vaccines (e.g., Rockborn strain) are nearly 100 percent effective; they can very
rarely cause fatal encephalitis (swelling of the brain) 1 to 2 weeks after vaccination. This type of vaccine is
especially risky in dogs with weakened immune systems.

Chick embryo adapted-vaccines (e.g., Onderstepoort and Lederle strain) are safer than the Rockborn strain
but are only about 80 percent effective.

Most puppies are born with their mother's antibodies to CDV, which prevents them from becoming infected if
exposed to the virus. They begin to lose their maternal protection between 6 and 12 weeks of age, which is
when puppies should be vaccinated. Two to three vaccinations should be administered during this period.
Dogs should be revaccinated yearly thereafter.

Multidog Households & Canine Distemper

Any dog that is suspected of being infected should be isolated from other dogs. Other dogs should be
vaccinated, if they haven't already been.

CDV doesn't last long outside the dog's body; heat, sunlight, most detergents, soaps, and various chemicals

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inactivate it. After an infected dog has been removed from the premises, contaminated objects and living areas
should be disinfected with a 1:30 bleach-water solution.

One-dog Households & Canine Distemper

If a dog has died from CDV infection, pet owners should wait about one month before introducing a new
puppy or dog into the home. Contaminated objects and living areas should be thoroughly cleaned and
disinfected with a 1:30 bleach-water solution.

Canine Distemper Prognosis

Prognosis depends on the strain of canine distemper virus and the dog's immune response. After the initial
fever subsides, the disease can progress in a number of ways.

More than half of all dogs die between 2 weeks and 3

months after infection, usually from central nervous
system complications. Most veterinarians recommend euthanasia for dogs that suffer progressive, severe
neurological complications.

Dogs that appear to recover may develop chronic or fatal central nervous system problems. Dogs with mild
symptoms (e.g., myoclonus) may recover, though the symptoms can persist for several months or longer. Dogs
with a strong immune response may never show any signs of infection. Once a dog has fully recovered, it no
longer sheds the virus and is not contagious.

Publication Review By: the Editorial Staff at HealthCommunities.com

Published: 01 Mar 2001

Last Modified: 04 Nov 2014

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