SEGMENT PROXIMAL DESCENDING ASCENDING DISTAL TUBULE CORTICAL CD MEDULLARY CD

TUBULE LIMB LIMB

SODIUM
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret 65 I 25 5 4-5
ed (% filtered load) M
Route Transcellular only P Transcellular & Transcellular only Transcellular only
E Paracellular
Apical Membrane NHE3 R Na-K-2Cl ENaC ENaC
SGLT2 M symporter Na-Cl symporter
SGLT1 E NHE3
Na-Phosphate A
symporter B
Basolateral Na-K-ATPase L Na-K-ATPase Na-K-ATPase Na-K-ATPase
Membrane Na-3Bicarbonate E Na-NH4- Na-Ca antiporter
symporter antiporter (Na enters cell)
Na-glutamine
symporter
Stimulators in the Angiotensin II - Angiotensin II (acts on Na-Cl symporter in DT & ENaC in
segment (affects NHE3 & CD only), Aldosterone, Cortisol, Estrogen, Growth
Na-K-ATPase) Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, Insulin
Inhibitors in the Loop diuretics Dopamine, ANP, BNP, Glucagon, Progesterone, PTH,
segment Thiazide diuretics (for Na-Cl symporter)
WATER
Filtered Load 100%
Reabsorbed/Secret 65 10 I I 5 to >24 depending on hydration
ed (% filtered load) M M state
Route Transcellular & Transcellular & P P Transcellular only
Paracellular Paracellular E E
(OSMOSIS) (OSMOSIS) R R
Apical Membrane Aquaporins Aquaporins M M Aquaporins
Basolateral Aquaporins Aquaporins E E Aquaporins
Membrane A A
Stimulators in the Na+ reabsorption Medullary B B Medullary gradient
segment gradient L L ADH
Inhibitors in the
E E
segment
CHLORIDE
Filtered Load 100% (Freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret 60 I 40
ed (% filtered load) M
Route Transcellular and Transcellular only Transcellular only Transcellular only
 Paracelluluar P
Apical Membrane Cl-base E Na-K-2Cl Na-Cl symporter Intercalated Cell
antiporters R symporter Type B: Pendrin
M (bicarbonate-Cl
E antiporter)
Basolateral Chloride channels A Chloride channels Chloride channels Intercalated Cell
Membrane B K-Cl symporter Type A: AE1
L (bicarbonate-Cl
E antiporter)

Both Intercalated
Cell Types:
Chloride channels
Stimulators in the Angiotensin II Type A: Acidosis
segment Type B: Basic Ph
Inhibitors in the Loop diuretics Dopamine, ANP,
segment BNP, Glucagon,
Progesterone,
PTH, Thiazide
diuretics
POTASSIUM
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret 65 I 25 To conserve K+: reabsorption of Reabsorbs small
ed (% filtered load) M remaining 10% by Type A Intercalated amounts under all
P Cells conditions
E
R If excess K+: secretion of 20%-150%
M by principal cells
Route Paracellular E Transcellular and Transcellular
mainly A some paracellular
Transcellular in B
basolateral L
membrane only E
Apical Membrane - Na-K-2Cl Principal Cells: ROMK, BK (both K+
symporter uniporters for secretion)
K channel (for
passive recycling) Type A Intercalated Cells: H-K-ATPase
Basolateral Na-K-ATPase Na-K-ATPase Na-K-ATPase
Membrane K channels K channels (exit K channels (exit cell)
cell)
K-Cl symporter
 (exit cell)
Stimulators in the Increased [K+] Principal Cells: Aldosterone, high K+
segment due to H2O diets, increased ENaC expression, pH,
reabsorption high Na+ delivery, high [K+]plasma,
Angiotensin II
Intercalated Type A: pH
Inhibitors in the Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics
segment
Principal Cells: Prolonged low K+ diet,
Angiotensin II

Intercalated type A: pH
BICARBONATE
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret 80-90 I 10-15 Type A - -
ed (% filtered load) M Intercalated Cells:
P reabsorb any
E remaining and
R any secreted
M bicarbonate
E
A Type B
B Intercalated Cells:
L secrete
E bicarbonate
Route Transcellular Transcellular Transcelluluar - -
Apical Membrane Type B: Pendrin - -
(bicarbonate-Cl
antiporter, HCO3
out)
Basolateral Na-3bicarbonate Na-3bicarbonate Type A: AE1 - -
Membrane symporter symporter? Not (bicarbonate-Cl
mentioned in antiporter, HCO3
vanders! out)
Stimulators in the Angiotensin II Type A: Acidosis - -
segment Type B: Basic pH
Inhibitors in the - -
segment
HYDROGEN
Filtered Load 100% (freely
filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret Secreted and I Secreted Secreted
ed (% filtered load) incorporated into M
water by P
combining with E
nonbicarbonate R
bases (when it pH M
is acidic; e.g. E
NH4+ and PO43-) A
Route Transcellular B
Apical Membrane NHE3 L NHE3 Type A Intercalated Cells: H-ATPase, H-K-ATPase
H-2organic cation E
antiporter
Basolateral Type B Intercalated Cells: H-ATPase
Membrane
Stimulators in the Type A: [NH3]
segment
Inhibitors in the
segment
AMMONIUM (NB: Notice how Ammonium transport is secrete reabsorb secrete) while Urea transport is reabsorb secrete
reabsorb)
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)?
Reabsorbed/Secret Produces (from Q) I 80 reabsorbed - - Secreted as NH3
ed (% filtered load) and secretes M and NH4+ by type
P A, non-A, and
E non-B
R intercalated cells)
M to excrete acid
Route Transcellular E Transcellular - - Transcellular
Apical Membrane NHE3 antiporter A Na-K-2Cl - - Rh glycoprotein
Na-ammonium B symporter Na- uniporters (NH3
antiporter L NH 4
+
-2Cl secretion)
E symporter *this NH3
combines with an
H+ secreted from
H-ATPase
Basolateral Na-3bicarbonate Na-NH4- - - Rh glycoprotein
Membrane symporter antiporter uniporters (NH3
(ammonium uptake)
exits) Na-K-ATPase
Na-NH4--ATPase
Stimulators in the Angiotensin II - - -
segment
Inhibitors in the Loop diuretics - - -
segment
PHOSPHATE
Filtered Load 90 to 95% is freely filtered (80% of this as HPO42- and 20% as H2PO4- at pH 7.4)
Reabsorbed/Secret 75 I
ed (% filtered load) M
Route Transcellular P
Apical Membrane Na-phosphate E
symporters R
Basolateral Phosphate M
Membrane uniporter E
Stimulators in the A
segment B
Inhibitors in the PTH, Calcitriol FGF23 (affects PT
L
segment via paracrine
E
signaling)
GLUTAMINE
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret
ed (% filtered load)
Route Transcellular
Apical Membrane Glutamine
uniporter?
Basolateral Na-Glutamine
Membrane symporter
Stimulators in the
segment
Inhibitors in the
segment
CALCIUM
Filtered Load 40% is freely filtered (the other 60% Ca2+ are bound to albumin; these refer only to plasma calcium concentrations)
Reabsorbed/Secret 65 20 Remaining 18%
ed (% filtered load) (2% is excreted)
Route Paracellular only IMPERMEABLE Paracellular only Transcellular only
Apical Membrane - Calcium-specific
TRP channels
then Ca binds to
Calbidin
Basolateral - Ca-ATPase
Membrane Na-Ca antiport
Stimulators in the Increased [Ca2+] Lumen positive PTH, CalcitriolS
segment due to water potential
reabsorbtion
Inhibitors in the
segment
UREA (NB: Notice how Ammonium transport is secrete reabsorb secrete) while Urea transport is reabsorb secrete reabsorb)
Filtered Load 100% (freely
filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret 50 reabsorbed 50 secreted 50 reabsorbed
ed (% filtered load)
Route Paracellular only Transcellular only Transcellular only
Apical Membrane - UT family (urea UT family (urea
uniporters) transporters)
Basolateral - ? ?
IMPERMEABLE
Membrane
Stimulators in the Increase in [urea] Medullary Medullary
segment due to water gradient gradient
reabsorption
Inhibitors in the - - -
segment
GLUCOSE
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret majority
ed (% filtered load)
Route Transcellular only
Apical Membrane SGLT2 (1 Na 1
glucose
symporter)
SGLT1 (2 Na-1
glucose
symporter; late
proximal tubule)
Basolateral GLUT uniporter
Membrane
Stimulators in the
segment
Inhibitors in the
segment
ORGANIC CATIONS/ANIONS
Filtered Load 100% (freely filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret Secreted
ed (% filtered load)
Route Transcellular
Apical Membrane Cations: H-
2organic cation
antiporter

Anions: 3Na- KG
symporter (in)
MDR-2 (an
ATPase)
Basolateral Cations: OCT
Membrane family (Organic
Cation
Transporter)

Anions: 3Na- KG
symporter (in)
then OAT family
(Organic Anion
Transporter: KG-
anion antiporter
(anion in)), URAT1
Stimulators in the Cations: Negative
segment membrane
potential brought
by Na-K-ATPase
Inhibitors in the
segment
URATE (An organic anion)
Filtered Load 100% (freely
filtered)
Reabsorbed/Secret Nearly 100%
ed (% filtered load) reabsobred
Route Transcellular
Apical Membrane URAT1 (urate-
anion antiporter)
Basolateral Cations: OCT
Membrane family (Organic
Cation
Transporter)

Anions: 3Na- KG
symporter (in)
 then OAT family
(Organic Anion
Transporter: KG-
anion antiporter
(anion in))
Stimulators in the Cations: Negative
segment membrane
potential brought
by Na-K-ATPase
Inhibitors in the
segment