PRAGMATISM

- primarily an American philosophy, although its roots to go back to Greek thinking. Pragmatist is primarily
conceived with the knowledge process, the relationship of ideas to action. Basically, this concerns with the method of
reflective thinking.
KEY CONCEPTS PRAGMATIST EDUCATORS
1. Individuals learn through experience. - the key of all learning and application of
intelligence to new experiences make the
educational process effective.

2. Education is for social efficiency. - teaches the students knowledge and skills that
will enable them to take their place in their society.

- recognizes the importance of individual

3. Education is child- centered. differences, permitting each student to progress at
his own speed.
- child is viewed as an important thing in the
school.

- emphasizes the importance having knowledge to

4. Problem- solving is necessary in the world of solve problems that may arise in an ever changing
change. world.

EXISTENTIALISM
- Individuality is the major concern of existentialism. I fears the people that are being forced to conform to society
and are forfeiting their individuality.
KEY CONCEPTS EXISTENTIALIST EDUCATORS
1. Individuals discover the inner selves. - believes that individuals discover their inner
selves and have an understanding of themselves.

- sets an environment that allows students to learn

2. Education is an individual process. what they are interested to learning.

- the Socratic Method is used because it forces

3. The curriculum is centered on the individual.
4. The teacher acts as stimulator.
students to probe their minds.
- encourages the students to discover their own
truth by prodding their moral and intellectual
curiosities.

- aids the students in responsible decision making.

5. Education is to teach responsibility.

NATURALISM
- is philosophically opposite idealism. It stands for education in accordance with nature.
KEY CONCEPTS NATURALIST EDUCATORS
1. Education must satisfy the inborn needs of the - it is the role of education to satisfy the basic
individual. needs of man as there are fundamental force
within the individual that seek satisfaction.

- activities that are reflected according to the

2. Education is geared to the individual growth. developing maturity level of the individual.

- advocates the education of both mind and body.

3. Education is not simply mental in nature.
4. Students educate themselves.
5. The teacher has an understanding of the laws
of nature.
- education involves self- activity.
- aware that nature is responsible for differences
therefore, each child has distinct learning needs
that require individual type of learning activities.

- the method of instruction used is mainly

inductive, informal, and permits students to
6. The teacher is a guide in the intellectual process. develop naturally at their own speed and
according to their own needs and interests.

CRISEL JOY C. ALAMAG