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SequentialLogicCircuitElectronicsPost

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Home Logic circuits Combinational Logic Circuit vs. Sequential Logic Circuit

Combinational Logic Circuit vs. Sequential Logic

Circuit
Sasmita April 28, 2015 Logic circuits

Combinational Logic Circuit vs. Sequential Logic Circuit

Logic Circuits can be divided into two types:

1. Combinational Logic Circuit

2. Sequential Logic Circuit

In this article we will discussCombinational Logic Circuit vs. Sequential Logic Circuit.

Combinational Logic Circuits

Combinational Logic circuit contains logic gates where its output is determined by the
combination of the current inputs, regardless of the output or the prior combination
of inputs. Basically, combinational circuit can be depicted by diagram-1 below:

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In a combinational logic circuit, the value of the outputs depends only on the current
values of the inputs. The circuit has no memory or feedback loops, and the output
does not depend on the history of the inputs.

Examples of Combinational circuits are adder, Subtractor, encoder, decoder, parallel

adder, multiplexer and de-multiplexer.

Combinational Logic Circuits are made up from basic logic gates such as NAND,
NOR or NOR gates that are combined or connected together to produce more
complicated switching circuits. These logic gates are the building blocks of
Combinational Logic Circuits.

Combinational logic circuits can be very simple or very complicated and any
combinational circuit can be implemented with onlyNANDandNORgates as these are
classed as universal gates.

The three main ways of specifying the function of a combinational logic circuit are:

1. Boolean Algebra: This forms the algebraic expression showing the operation of
the logic circuit for each input variable either True or False that results in a logic
1 output.
2. Truth Table: A truth table defines the function of a logic gate by providing a
concise list that shows all the output states in tabular form for each possible
combination of input variable that the gate could encounter.
3. Logic Diagram:This is a graphical representation of a logic circuit that shows the
wiring and connections of each individual logic gate, represented by a specific
graphical symbol, that implements the logic circuit.

Classification of Combinational Logic Circuits

Fig.2

Sequential Logic Circuit

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Sequential Logic Circuit

Unlike combinational logic circuits whose output depends upon the signals being
applied to the inputs at that time, Sequential Logic circuits have some form of
memory built in to them so that they are able to take into account their previous input
state as well as those at present.

In other words, the output state of a sequential logic circuit is a function of the
following three states, the present input, the past input and/or the past output.

Sequential Logic circuits remember these conditions and stay fixed in their current
state until the next clock signal changes one of the states, giving sequential logic
circuits Memory.

Sequential logic circuits are generally termed as two state or bistable devices which
can have their output or outputs set in one of two basic states, a logic level 1 or a
logic level 0 and will remain latched indefinitely in this current state or condition
until some other input trigger pulse or signal is applied which will cause the bistable
to change its state once again.

Sequential Logic Representation

Fig.3

Simple sequential logic circuits can be constructed from standard bistable circuits
such as: Flip-flops, Latches and Counters and which themselves can be made by
simply connecting together universal NAND Gates and/or NOR Gates in a particular
combinational way to produce the required sequential circuit.

Classification of Sequential Logic

Bistable latches and flip-flops are the basic building blocks of sequential logic circuits.

Sequential logic circuits can be constructed to produce either simple edge-triggered

flip-flops or more complex sequential circuits such as storage registers, shift registers,
memory devices or counters.

Either way sequential logic circuits can be divided into the following three main
categories:

1. Event Driven Asynchronous circuits that change state immediately when

enabled.
2. Clock Driven synchronous circuits that are synchronized to a specific clock
signal.
3. Pulse Driven Which is a combination of the two that responds to triggering
pulses.

Fig.4

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In addition to the two logic states i.e. logic level 1 and logic level 0, a third element
is introduced which separates sequential logic circuits from their combinational
logiccounterparts, is TIME.

Sequential logic circuits return back to their original steady state once reset and
sequential circuits with loops or feedback paths are said to be cyclic in nature.

A sequential circuit in which changes occur only on the application of a clock signal
makes it asynchronous, otherwise the circuit is asynchronous and depends upon an
external input.

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About The Author

Sasmita
Hi! I am Sasmita . At ElectronicsPost.com I pursue my love for teaching.
I am an M.Tech in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering. And,
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