HRM 535 - Leadership & Organizational

Behavior
Leader Attributes & Behavior

Lecture 9

Week 10
 Outline

The Nature of Leadership

Leadership Myths
Personality & Leadership
Major Types of Leadership Behaviors
Studying Leadership

Understanding that Leadership is a process, not a

position
 The Nature of Leadership

Leadership
Process of directing the behavior of others towards
the accomplishment of some objective.

Influence, People, Goals

Good leadership is more than just calculation and

planning, or following a checklist, even though
rational analysis can enhance good leadership.
 Nature of Leadership

Manager Vs. Leader

A manager takes care of where you are, a leader takes
you to a new place!
Nature of Leadership
 Nature of Leadership

Formal leadership Informal leadership

Exerted by persons Exerted by persons who become
appointed (or elected) to influential because they have
positions of formal special skills that meet the
authority in organizations. resource needs of others.
Nature of Leadership
 Leadership Myths

Myth: Good Leadership Is All Common Sense

Myth: Leaders Are Born, Not Made

Myth: The Only School You Learn Leadership

from Is the School of Hard Knocks
 Personality & Leadership

Internal Locus
Dominance High Energy Integrity
of Control

Self- Personality
Flexibility
Confidence Traits

Intelligence
Emotional
Stability
Intelligence
 Personality & Leadership

Leaders and
Openness
Extraversion
Big 5 Personality
Conscientiousness
Dimensions & Leadership
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
 Personality & Leadership

Leaders and
Extraversion Introversion

Sensing Intuition

MBTI & Leadership

Thinking Feeling
Judging Perceiving
Personality & Leadership
 Personality & Leadership

The Most Important Leadership Competencies, According to

Leaders Around the World
 Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

Behavioral Approach

Assumes that leadership is central to performance

and other outcomes. Focuses on leader
behaviors rather than traits

Managerial Grid Ohio State & University of

(University of Texas) Michigan studies
 Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

Ohio State Studies

Consideration: the extent to which a leader is sensitive
to subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and
establishes mutual trust

Initiating Structure: the extent to which a leader is task

oriented and directs subordinates work activities
toward goal achievement

University of Michigan Studies

Employee-centered: a leadership behavior that displays

a focus on the human needs of subordinates

Job-centered: leadership behavior in which leaders

direct activities toward efficiency, cost cutting, and
scheduling, with an emphasis on goals and work
facilitation
Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

Ohio State Studies

 Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

High University of
Michigan
Studies
CONSIDERATION

Employee Centered
Leaders vs.
Production
Centered Leader

Low High

Ohio State studies INITIATING

Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

Country Club Team

Managerial
Grid
Middle of the Road

Blake & Mouton

Impoverished Authority-Compliance (University of
Texas)
 Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

Country Club Team

Thoughtful attention to the needs
of the people for satisfying
relationships leads to a
comfortable, friendly organization
atmosphere and work tempo
Work accomplishment is from
committed people; interdependence
through a "common stake" in
organization purpose leads to
relationships of trust and respect

Middle of the Road

Adequate organization performance is possible through
balancing the necessity to get work out while maintaining
morale of people at a satisfactory level

Impoverished
Exertion of minimum effort to get
required work done is appropriate
to sustain organization
management.
Authority-Compliance
Efficiency in operations results from
arranging conditions of work in such a
way that human elements interfere to
a minimum degree
 Major Types of Leadership Behaviors

People-Oriented Task-Oriented

Ohio State University Consideration Initiating Structure

University of Michigan Employee-Centered Job-Centered

University of Texas Concern for People Concern for Production

Studying Leadership
Studying Leadership