REPORT TEXT

DISUSUN OLEH
KELOMPOK:5
JIRAN MUHAMMAD
MEYLAN LAMADJI
RESTU SAFITRI
SRI ALFIA
SUTRI ALVIANA
VIRAHMI
REPORT TEXT ABOUT NATURAL PHENOMENA
Aurora

Aurora is a natural phenomenon in which visible light that danced beautifully in the sky with a variety of colors.
Aurora is a natural phenomenon that usually occurs in the polar regions, both south and north poles. However, the
aurora itself is often seen on the tropical mountain areas, but the aurora of this type are very rare.
Have recently discovered that there is not only turns aurora on Earth, but on other planets also terdeksi have this
natural phenomenon. In fact it is quite natural to happen planet planets are in the Milky Way. One of them is the
auroras detected on Jupiter. Even the planet's aurora 100 times brighter than it appeared on earth.
Moreover, even in another alien planet is estimated there are up to 100 thousand times brighter than the aurora
that are on earth. However tesebut very difficult to detect because very many planets in the galaxy, and a very
great distances of the planets.
Aurora is a light effect that seems to dance on the sky with different colors. Aurora itself occurs in the
ionosphere. Where the light generated is due to the interaction between the magnetic field of a planet with
charged particles emitted by the sun (solar wind).
Aurora is created for their billions energy particles composed of protons and electrons leveled the sun at high
speeds of up to 500 miles per second in a beam of sunlight. The radiation is usually called the solar wind or solar
wind that formed because of a massive explosion on the surface of the sun (Coronal Mass Ejection).
After a trip to Earth that can last up to two to three days, solar particles and Earth's magnetic field which causes
the release of the particles collide with each other which has been stuck near the earth. then, the particles are
trapped triggers a reaction on the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) where the oxygen and nitrogen molecules in
action and releasing photons of light. Photons of light is what we see as the bright light that danced over the sky
called the aurora.
NASA itself as a leading organization that conducts research on space and the earth was still conducting various
studies on this aurora. Among them is through the launch of the rocket, which is part of the mission of the
Ground-to-Rocket-Electron Electrodynamics correlative Experiment (GREECE) in March this year. The mission
aims to better understand how the aurora is formed.
Aurora itself consists of two kinds, namely the aurora that occurs dikutub north and aurora that occurs at the
south pole:
Aurora Borealis
Aurora Borealis is the aurora that occurs in the Arctic. Borealis itself is the Greek of the north wind. Aurora
berealis viewable area which includes the state arctic northern Canada, Alaska, Russia and Scandinavia.
Aurora Australis
As the name suggests, this aurora often occur in the southern hemisphere. So no wonder his name like state near
the south pole that is Australia. In addition, the aurora of this type have occurred in the highest mountain of the
aurora Australis Indonesia.Pada gets its name adapted to the Roman god of dawn, Aurora, who is also the Latin
word for dawn. Then Australis comes from the Latin word for South, while the Aurora Australis literally means
dawn, or light south.
Here are places that can be visited to see the aurora. But unique, this place we can see the aurora throughout the
year, not month-specific month like other places. So, for those of you who want malihat beauty of the aurora,
please go to this place.
5 Places to see aurora quoted :
1. Tromso, Norway
You can take a tour that is chasing the aurora light. Norway tourism institutions, Mona Ravndal recommend a trip
to the Hurtigruten, the Norwegian Coastal Steamer area for meilhat aurora.
A cruise called "Northern Lights Cruise" is usually only done in December, but a 7 day tour to the city of Tromso
and the North Cape, an area that supposedly brightest to see the aurora, available throughout the year.
Another option is to follow the travel services with buses in the city and Ersfjorden departing midnight.
2. Yellowknife, Canada
If you are more interested to see the aurora while staying in tent-style Indians, visit parks Aurora Village in
Yellowknife, Canada.
Only 25 minutes drive from the city center, where it provides a tent camper teepee, complete with heating and
seating to enjoy the view of the phenomenon you beam with the black sky background
3. Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
Different experiences on offer here. One of the most fun ways to enjoy the Aurora in the United States is by while
soaking in hot tubs.
Fairbanks is also the location of the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. They
recommend the resort named Chena and Manley Spring.
Chena provide ease of equipment and connectivity with the Fairbanks airport by shuttle bus. Hotels in this area
also provides an alarm to wake the guests in the evening intending see the aurora.
4. Kangerlussuaq, Greenland
Areas with fairly stable climate and clear skies throughout the year provides an opportunity for many people to
enjoy the beauty of the aurora light.
World of Greenland - Arctic Circle (Wogac) offers tours see the Northern Lights is from October to April. In the
month of February to April, they also offer expeditions to pull the dog to the western city of Sisimiut.
Stay at Hotel Kangerlussuaq airport is quite convenient, but tend to be expensive. The hotel also offers guided
tours to the top of the ice. Do not close the curtains of your room, because sometimes light aurora can be seen
clearly.
5. The southern region
Despite being the best location to see the Aurora Australis, Antarctica is the most difficult to access, except for
certain people who did come to help the research and the researchers themselves. The companies new expedition
will start the tour after February.
In addition, you also get to see a little light aurora in Stewart Island, known as the island Rakiura by the Maori.
With approximately 400 inhabitants, the area offers stunning natural scenery.

REPORT TEXT ABOUT SOCIAL PHENOMENA

Motorcycle gang
Motorcycle gang is a social group that has the same basic purpose or associations that can be called a community
but a negative relationship with the community that is irregular and prone to anarchy. One of the contributors of
the rise of anarchy is their belief / responses / feelings together (collective belief). It might be a shared belief in,
say, who is likely to be perceived as a thief (and therefore is believed to "deserve" to be beaten); or circumstances
that indicate a crime (which it was believed also to be followed up with action, say, against). Their shared belief
(collective belief) about something that very often accompanied by the emergence of gangs, symbols, traditions,
graffiti, typical expression and even myths and fables that can be associated with violence and conflict. Basically,
the emergence of such things as a symbol of the gang, traditions and others that confirm that the local community
supports a particular behavior, even if it is known that it is included as a deviant behavior existence of social
support on a bias, in relative terms, it adds to the complexity of the problem and , as well as the quality of
treatment. In behavior, support could also be interpreted as the emergence of habit (habit) that have been
ingrained (innate) the public grouped. The presence of motorcycle gangs such as "XTC, Brigez, GBR, M2R".
Then their is also the trend of increased anarchy in society, we realized that we are racing against time.
Prevention of anarchy needs to be done before action is growing as new habits in society considering have
sufficient number of people who feel the "fun" of damage, looting, torturing and even killing others without
slandered let alone arrested.
The perpetrators of the motorcycle gang it has become customary to break the law. "If it opens the way and hit
the car's rearview ordinary men and is often done when the convoy. Each gang does not justify it, but there are
unwritten tradition and collectively understood that the move was part of the street life. Moreover, if new
members do still teens. They mewajarkannya as an effort to find identity in violation of the rule of law. These
conditions are very poor and need a wise attitude. In the context of the handling of crimes committed by children
and adolescents is still debated whether the criminal justice system must be put forward or solving problems
amicably (out of court settlement) without contact with the criminal justice system is more dominant, although in
the criminal justice system of our positive, the completion of the criminal case do not know the deliberation. In
an excerpt of an article of people's minds: How vulnerable and weak children or adolescents who commit crimes
can be seen from the wording of Article 45 of the Criminal Code. The Criminal Code does not give us the
slightest room to resolve the crimes committed child than through the criminal justice system are often said to
always give suffering to the parties involved, especially the perpetrators either adult offenders or perpetrators of
children and adolescents. Criminal justice for children offenders have two different sides, on the one hand, as
recognized conventions of children, that children need special protection. On the other hand, the "villain of
children" is dealing with the position of people who feel disturbed by the evil behavior of children and teens.
Then also children and teenagers will deal with law enforcement officers who narrowly only in charge of
implementing the law so that violations and procedures for the protection of child offenders, prone to happen.
Actually our attention to the protection of children and juvenile offenders should be increased. The international
community also since 1924 in the declaration of the rights of children and then updated in 1948 in the declaration
of human rights and culminated in the Declaration of Rights of the Child (Declaration on the Rights of the Child)
1958 confirm for reasons of physical and mental as well as the maturity of the children, then the children children
need special protection and care, including legal protection. When children and adolescents perpetrators of these
crimes contact with the criminal justice system, the people believed that they were studying at the academy
criminals. Results released by the criminal justice system will only generate new criminals. Bitterness and the
problems faced by children in the face of the criminal justice system there must be attention and a good solution,
but we also should not ignore accomplished law and justice, because justice shows us that the settlement through
the courts was done correctly (due process of law ) in the interest of carriers children and adolescents and society
on the other. The important thing in all the activities of juvenile justice is to be done, or based principles for the
welfare of the child and the child's own interests without compromising the interests of the public to remember
every criminal case the court decided that the goal is in the public interest. However, the interests of the child
should not be sacrificed in the interest of society in the academic world handling offense child always focused on
efforts by means of penal law and order nonpenal that emphasizes efforts outside the criminal law (preventive).
The approach is to put forward a specific approach to the first reason that children who commit crimes should not
be viewed as a criminal, but should be seen as a child in need of love. Second, even if the judicial approach
should be made more persuasive approach, educational, and psychological. Law enforcement approach as far as
possible be avoided as it will bring down the child's mental and eager to return to the right path. Third, even if the
procedures of criminal justice will be done should truly reflect the judiciary can give love to children and
adolescents.
Legal protection of children and adolescents who committed the crime were given Law No. 3 of 1997 on Juvenile
Justice in addition to international legal instruments such as conventions issued United Nations General
Assembly as the Beijing Rules. however, the substance is still visible that the Law on Juvenile Justice is still
promoting the use of both criminal penalties and other criminal bodies to what is expected to be persuasive and
educative action is yet to be seen. In juvenile justice should develop concepts such as the family model in the
criminal justice system, offenders Especially children are treated as a family member who lost in living life to its
resolution emphasizes providing opportunities and guide offenders in order to come back to life in line with the
norms of society and the rule of law. Equally important in the treatment of children delinquency when using
penal facilities through the criminal justice system is an opportunity to use legal counsel or access to legal
council. In addition to other rights which must be distinguished from adult offenders. Chance of children
offenders contacting their families should be opened wide by police, prosecutors, and court considering the whole
subsystem of criminal justice is also obliged to think about the fate of children and young perpetrators of this
crime either while serving and after getting out of prison. In fact, court rooms currently available are not
conducive to criminal justice to children's delinquency. Courtroom atmosphere should be created which exactly
reflects the protection of law, protection of mental and kindness towards children and young offenders up to the
incident the defendant's children crying in court does not happen again. The court should be able to create or
decide matters involving children and young people towards a decision that makes it a good young players and
ensure people's rights are not neglected.
REPORT TEXT ABOUT ANIMAL
Ant

Ants are all members of the tribe insect Formicidae, Hymenoptera nation. Ants have more than 12,000 types
(species), mostly living in the tropics. Most ants are known as social insects, colonies and nests are regularly
composed of thousands of ants per colony. Members are divided into a worker ant colony, the ants stud, and the
queen. It is also possible there is a group of ants guard. One colony can dominate large areas to support their life.
Ant colonies are sometimes called "superorganism" because of their colonies that form a unity.
Although a relatively small body size, ants including the strongest animal in the world. Male ants were able to
sustain heavy load with fifty times their own weight, can be compared with the elephants are only able to handle
the weight with twice the weight of their own weight. Ants is rivaled by rhinoceros beetle that can sustain heavy
loads with 850 times their own weight.
Ants have been controlled almost all parts of the land on Earth. Only in some places such as Iceland, Greenland,
and Hawaii, they do not dominate the area proficiency level. At the moment their numbers increase, they can
make up approximately 15-20% of the total biomass of large animals.
Some types of ants are very well known by humans because they live together with humans, such as black ants,
large ants, red ants, fire ants and weaver ants.
Formicidae family is part of the order Hymenoptera, which includes bees and wasps. Ants are descended from
wasps generation vespoidea. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ants evolved from a dragonfly vespoid the
Cretaceous period about 120 million to 170 million years ago. After the emergence of the plants angiosperms
about 100 million years ago, they diversify the influence ekolofi about 60 million years ago. Some of the
Cretaceous period are intermediates of ants and wasps, and this adds to the evidence for ancestors wasp. As
animal berordo other Hymenoptera, the genetic system of ants found in haplodiploidy.
In 1966, E. O. Wilson, et al. find fossil ant in tree sap (Sphecomyrma freyi) from the Cretaceous period. This
fossil was stuck in a tree sap in New Jersey and has over 80 million years. This fossil provides the clearest
evidence of the relationship of modern ants and non-social wasps. Cretaceous ants shared characteristics of
modern ants and wasps.
During the Cretaceous period, only a small proportion of species that overran large continental areas Laurasia
(north). They were very rare with a ratio of approximately 1% of the number of other insect species. Ants became
dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of Tertiary Period. The amount of the remaining species in the
Cretaceous and Ecocene period, only 1 of 10 genera of extinct until recently. 56% of genera of ants found in the
sap of fossil wood in the Baltic area (since the early Oligocene), and approximately 96% of genera of ants found
in fossil wood sap in Dominica (since early Miocene) still survive today.
Ant body consists of three parts, namely the head, mesosoma (chest), and metasoma (abdomen). The morphology
of ants is quite obvious in comparison to other insects that also has an antenna, glands Metapleural, and stomach
both related to stem the ants form a narrow waist (pedunkel) between mesosoma (part of the chest cavity and
abdomen) and metasoma (abdomen less the abdominal segments the petiole). Petiole can be formed by one or
two nodes (only the second, or the second and third abdominal segment of this can happen).
Ant's body, like other insects, have exoskeletons, or outer shell provides protection as well as the attachment of
muscles, unlike the human skeleton and vertebrates. Insects do not have lungs, but they have breathing holes in
the chest called spiracles for air circulation in their respiratory system. Insects also have a closed circulatory
system. Instead, they have a long and thin shaped channel along the upper part of his body which is called "aortic
backs" whose function is similar to the heart. ant nervous system consists of a ventral nerve muscle sort that are
along the body, with some fruit ganglion and branches associated with each part of his body.
At the head of ants there are many sensory organs. Ants, like other insects, have compound eyes consisting of a
collection of smaller eyepiece and belonging to detect movement very well. They also had three oselus at the top
of her head to detect changes in light and polarization. Most ants generally have poor eyesight, and even some
types of them blind. However, some species of ants, such as the Australian bulldog ants, have good eyesight. On
his head there is also a pair of antennas that help ants detect chemical stimuli. Ant antenna is also used to
communicate with each other and detect pheromones released by other ants. In addition, the ant antenna is also
useful as a tool of touch to detect everything that was in front of him. At the front of the ant's head also has a pair
of jaw or mandible that is used to carry food, manipulate objects, construct nests, and for defense. In some
species, on the inside of his mouth there is such a small pouch to store food for a while before being transferred
to other ants or their larvae.
Ants in the chest there are three pairs of legs and at the end of each leg there is such a tiny claws that help him to
climb and stand on the surface. The majority of male and female candidates ant queens have wings. However,
after mating the female will shed their wings and become winged queen ants that. Worker and soldier ants do not
have wings.
At the metasoma (stomach) ant there are many important internal organs, including reproductive organs. Some
species of ants also have a stinger connected with some sort of poisonous glands to immobilize prey and protect
the nest. Yessensis Formica ant species such as formic acid-producing glands that can be sprayed into the enemy's
defenses.
The life of an ant starts from an egg. If the egg has been fertilized, hatched ants female (diploid); otherwise male
(haploid). Ants are holometabolism, which grew through a complete metamorphosis, passing through larval and
pupal stages (with pupae exarate) before they become adults. Larval stage is the stage of a very vulnerable - more
details ant larvae have no legs at all - and can not take care of myself.
The difference between queens and workers (which are both female), and between worker caste if any, is
determined at the time of feeding while still a larva. The food is given to the larvae by a process called
trophallaxis where an ant regurgitates food previously stored in a crop for communal storage. It also means
employed adult ants on an ant food memdistribusikan other adults. The larvae and pupae should be kept at a
constant temperature sufficient to make sure they are growing well, so often moved to various brood chambers
within the colony.
A new worker ants into adulthood spent their first few days to take care of the queen and young. After that
increased to digging and other nest work, and then find food and defend the nest. This task changes can occur
suddenly and called a temporary caste. A teory why such as foraging has a high risk of death, so ants only
participate if they are old enough and somehow closer to death.
In some ant species are physical castes - workers may have the body size of different, workers called minor,
median, and major,. Usually the larger ants have a disproportionate amount of heads, and correspondingly
stronger jaw. Ants like this is often called ant "soldiers" because of their strong mandibles make them more
effective when it is used to fight with other creatures, but they still remain an ant worker and their task is not
much different with minor or median workers. In some species of ants do not have a median workers, create a
strict separation and obvious physical differences between minor and major workers.

REPORT TEXT ABOUT PLANT

Moringa
Moringa or merunggai moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a kind of plant from the tribe of Moringaceae. This plant
has a stem height of 7-11 meters. Moringa leaves are oval with a small size composite compound in one stalk,
can be made vegetable or drugs. The flowers are white and yellowish green flowers frond hood; These flowers
come out all year with a fragrant scent. Moringa fruit elongated triangular shaped called tang, also can disayur.
Indonesia Common name: Moringa, Limaran (Java) English: Moringa, Ben-oil tree, clarifier tree, drumstick tree
Malay: heat, merunggai, Sajina Vietnam: Chum Ngay Thailand: ma-rum Philippines: malunggay
Woody stems (lignosus), straight, dirty white, thin skin, rough surface; simpodial branching, upright branch or
oblique direction, tends to grow straight and elongated. Leaves compound, long-stemmed, composed of alternate,
odd leaf litter (imparipinnatus), when the young leaves light green. Triangular shaped fruit length, length of 20-60
cm; The young fruit is green - after dark brown, round seeds shape - blackish brown, bear fruit after the age of
12-18 months. Taproot, white, grow like radishes.
Propagation can be generative (seeds) and vegetative (cuttings). Grows in lowland and highland up at an altitude
of 1000 m above sea level, widely planted as a boundary or fence in your backyard or a field.
Research on the benefits of plant ranging from leaves, bark, fruits until the seeds, since the early 1980s has
begun. There was a report on the results of research, studies and development related to the use of moringa plants
for planting as well as retaining desertification in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya by the German team, in periodic
Institute for Scientific Cooperation, Tubingen, 1993. The report is devoted to the region including Ethiopia ,
Somalia, and Sudan, as has long been a tradition to plant a tree Moringa population, given the tree can be a part
in everyday life as a vegetable, raw material medicine, also for trade. In the area of Arba Minch and Konso,
moringa tree would be used as a plant for anchoring landslides, soil conservation, and terracing. So that in the
rainy season, although in the most minimal amount, falling rain water will be retained by Moringa root system,
and in the dry season "savings" of water around the roots of Moringa will be a source of water for other crops.
Also because of Moringa root system sufficiently tight, landslides are rare.
Researchers from Anna Technology University, Tamilnadu, India, C Senthil Kumar, proving that Moringa leaf is
efficacious as a hepatoprotective liver protective alias. According to physician and herbalist in Yogyakarta, Dr.
Sidi Aritjahja, Moringa contains antioxidants that are very high and very good for diseases associated with
gastrointestinal problems, such as intestinal wounds and ulcers. "Part of used safely home noticed how," said the
alumnus of the University of Gadjah Mada. Drink decoction of the leaves of Moringa while warm water.
Therefore, the antioxidant effect is still strong in the warm.
According to Dr. Paul Wahyudi Halim in South Tangerang City, Banten Province, Moringa has a cool energy.
Herbs like it fit to cope with the disease excess heat energy or energy such as inflammation or cancer.
How to use it with boiling water 3 sprigs in a glass of warm water after drinking warm
Infants and children during the growth of the World Health Organization recommended consuming Moringa
leaves. Comparison gram, Moringa leaves contain:
7 x vitamin C in oranges 4 x 4 x calcium in milk vitamin A in carrots 2 times the protein in milk 3 x potassium in
bananas
The organization also named Moringa as the miracle tree after conducting a study and found that this plant is
credited as an addition to valuable health cost for 40 years in the poorest countries in the world. Moringa tree is
widespread in the plains of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. National Institutes of Health (NIH) on March 21,
2008 said that the moringa tree "has been used as medicine by the various ethnic groups indigenous to prevent or
treat more than 300 diseases. Ancient Indian ayurvedic medical tradition show that 300 kinds of diseases can be
treated with moringa oleifera leaves.
From this analysis it is known that the nutritional content of Moringa leaves have excellent potential to
supplement the nutritional needs of the body. By eating the leaves of Moringa then the balance of nutrients in the
body will be fulfilled so that people who consume Moringa leaves it helps to increase energy and endurance of
his body. In addition, Moringa leaves are also efficacious to overcome various complaints are caused by
deficiencies of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A deficiency (impaired vision), shortage of choline (a
buildup of fat in the liver), vitamin B1 deficiency (beriberi), a deficiency of vitamin B2 (skin dry and cracked), a
deficiency of vitamin B3 (dermatitis), scurvy (bleeding gums), lack of calcium (osteoporosis), iron deficiency
(anemia), lack of protein (cracked and hair growth disorders in children)