UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA

MTODOS NUMRICOS
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS
TALLER 6

Nicols Ayala Collazos - 25441326

David Andrs Ramrez Gonzlez - 25411448
Francy Alejandra Vanegas Izquierdo - 25411437

1. Un paracaidista salta desde un avin. Hasta el momento en que abre el

paracadas, la resistencia del aire es proporcional a v 3/2 (v representa la
velocidad). Supongamos que el intervalo temporal es [0,6] y que la
ecuacin diferencial para la velocidad de descenso es:

v=10-0.01v3/2 con v(0)=0

a. Mtodo de Euler con h=1 para estimar v=6

PVI: v(0)=0

Primera iteracin (i=0)

1. Determinar v para los valores xi y yi

f(xi,yi) = f(x0,v0) = v
f(0,0) = 10-0.01(0)3/2 = 10

2. Calcular hf(xi,yi)

hf(xi,yi) = hf(x0,v0)
hf(0,0) = 1*10 = 10

3. Hallar v1

yi+1 = yi + hf(xi,yi)
v1 = v0 + hf(x0,v0)
v1 = 0 + 10
v1 =10
A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones
hasta encontrar el valor de v(6).

hf(x,v
i x v f(x,v)
)
0 0 0 10 10
 1 1 10 9.68 9.68
2 2 19.68 9.13 9.13
3 3 28.81 8.45 8.45
4 4 37.26 7.73 7.73
5 5 44.99 6.98 6.98
6 6 51.97

b. Mtodo de Heun con h=1 para estimar v=6

PVI: v(0)=0

Primera iteracin (i=0)

1. Determinar vi para los valores xi y vi

yi = f(xi,vi) = vi
f(0,0) = 10-0.01(0)3/2 = 10

2. Calcular hf(xi,yi)

hf(xi,yi) = hf(x0,v0)
hf(0,0) = 1*10 = 10

3. Hallar vi0

yi0+1 = yi + hf(xi,yi)
vi0+1 = vi + hf(xi,vi)
v10 = v0 + hf(x0,v0)
v10 = 0 + 10
v10 =10

4. Calcular vi+1

yi+1 = f(xi+1,v0i+1) = vi+1

f(0,10) = 10-0.01(10)3/2 = 9.68

5. Determinar vv
0
y'i + y'i+1 f ( xi , y i ) +f ( xi +1 , y i+1 )
y ' = =
2 2

0
v' i + v'i+1 f ( x i , v i ) + f (x i+1 , v i+1)
v '= =
2 2
 0
v' 0 + v'1 f ( x 0 , v 0 )+ f (x 1 , v 1 )
v '= =
2 2

10+9.68
v '= =9.84
2

6. Calcular hvv

hyv = hvv
hvv = 1*9.84 = 9.84

7. Hallar vi+1

yi+1 = yi + hyv
vi+1 = vi + hvv
v1 = v0 + hvv
v1 = 0 + 9.84
v1 =9.84
A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones
hasta encontrar el valor de v(6).

i x v f(x,v) h f(x,v) v0 f(x,v0) vv ' hvv '

0 0 0.000 10.000 10.000 0.000
1 1 9.842 9.684 9.684 10.000 9.684 9.842 9.842
2 2 19.247 9.127 9.127 19.684 9.127 9.405 9.405
3 3 28.037 8.454 8.454 28.810 8.454 8.790 8.790
4 4 36.127 7.725 7.725 37.264 7.725 8.089 8.089
5 5 43.480 6.982 6.982 44.989 6.982 7.354 7.354
6 6 50.098 6.253 6.253 51.972 6.253 6.618 6.618

c. Mtodo de Euler modificado con h=1 para estimar v=6

PVI: v(0)=0

Primera iteracin (i=0)

1. Determinar vi para los valores xi y vi

yi = f(xi,vi) = vi
f(0,0) = 10-0.01(0)3/2 = 10

2. Calcular hf(xi,yi)/2

hf(xi,yi)/2 = hf(x0,v0)/2
hf(0,0)/2 = 1*10/2 = 5
 3. Hallar vi+1/2

yi+1/2 = yi + hf(xi,yi)/2
vi+1/2 = vi + hf(xi,vi)/2
v0.5 = v0 + hf(x0,v0)/2
v0.5 = 0 + 5
v0.5 =5

4. Calcular vi+1/2

yi+1/2 = f(xi+1/2,vi+1/2) = vi+1/2

f(0.5,5) = 10-0.01(5)3/2 = 9.89

5. Calcular h vi+1/2

h yi+1/2 = h vi+1/2
h vi+1/2 = 1*9.89= 9.89

6. Hallar vi+1

yi+1 = yi + h yi+1/2
vi+1 = vi + h vi+1/2
v1 = v0 + h v0.5
v1 = 0 + 9.89
v1 =9.89

A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones

hasta encontrar el valor de v(6).

i x v f(x,v) hf(x,v)/2 vi+1/2 f(xi+1/2,vi+1/2) h vi+1/2

0 0 0.000 10.000 5.000 5.000 9.888 9.888
1 1 9.888 9.689 4.845 14.733 9.435 9.435
2 2 19.323 9.151 4.575 23.898 8.832 8.832
3 3 28.154 8.506 4.253 32.407 8.155 8.155
4 4 36.310 7.812 3.906 40.216 7.450 7.450
5 5 43.759 7.105 3.553 47.312 6.746 6.746
6 6 50.505

2. Resuelva la siguiente ecuacin diferencial usando el mtodo de Runge-

Kutta de 4 orden.
1
y ' =e2 t2 y con y ( 0 )=
10

a) Con h=0.2

b) Con h=0.1
Para h=0.2

a. Clculo K1

K1 = f ( ti, yi)
K1 = e2t 2 y i
i

K1 = e2(0)2(0.1)
K1 = 0.8

b. Clculo K2

+h h
K2 = f (ti 2 , yi + K1 2 )

+0.2 0.2
K2 = f (0 2 , 0.1 + (0.8) ( 2 ))

K2 = f (0.1, 0.18)
K2= e2t 2 y i
i

K2= e2(0.1)2( 0.18)

K2= 0.4587

c. Clculo K3

+h h
K3 = f (ti 2 , yi + K2 2 )

+0.2 0.2
K3 = f (0 2 , 0.1 + (0.4587) ( 2 ))

K3 = f (0.1, 0.14587)
K3= e2t 2 y i
i

K3= e2(0.1)2( 0.1487)

K3=0.5269

d. Clculo K4

K4 = f (ti +h , yi + K3 *h)
K4 = f (0 +0.2 , 0.1 + (0.5269) (0.2))
K4 = f (0.2, 0.20538)
K4= e2t 2 y i
i

K4= e2(0.2)2(0.20538)
 K4=0.25995

e. Hallar ti+1 , yi+1

ti+1=ti + h
ti+1=0 +0.2
ti+1=0.2

h
yi+1= yi + 6 (K1 +2K2+2 K3+ K4)
0.2
yi+1= 0.1 + 6 (0.8 +2(0.4587)+2(0.5269)+ 0.25995)
yi+1=0.201

A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones

hasta encontrar el valor de y(0.2), y(0.4)con h=0.2 y y(0.1), y(0.2),
y(0.3), y(0.4) con h=0.1.

3. En una reaccin qumica, una molcula de sustancia A se combina con

una de sustancia B para formar una molcula de sustancia C .Se sabe
que la concentracin y (t ) de la sustancia C en el instante t es la
solucin del problema de valor inicial

y ' =k ( a y ) ( b y ) con y ( 0 )=0

Donde k es una constante positiva y a y b son las concentraciones

iniciales de las sustancias A y B respectivamente.

Supongamos que:
k =0.01 , a=70 milimoles/litro , b=50 milimoles/litro .
Use el mtodo Runge-Kutta de cuarto orden con h=0.5 para hallar la
solucin en el intervalo [0,10]
a) Clculo K1

K1 = f ( ti, yi)
K1 = 0.01( 70 y i ) ( 50 y i)

K1 = 0.01( 700 ) ( 500 )

K1 = 35

b) Clculo K2

+h h
K2 = f (ti 2 , yi + K1 2 )

+0.5 0.5
K2 = f (0 2 , 0 + (35) ( 2 ))

K2 = f (0.25, 8.75)
K2 = 0.01( 70 y i ) ( 50 y i)

K2= 0.01( 708.75 ) ( 508.75 )

K2= 25.2656

c) Clculo K3

+h h
K3 = f (ti 2 , yi + K2 2 )

+0.5 0.5
K3 = f (0 2 , 0 + (25.2656) ( 2 ))

K3 = f (0.25, 6.3164)
K3 = 0.01( 70 y i ) ( 50 y i)

K3 = 0.01( 706.3164 )( 506.3164 )

K3=27.8193

d) Clculo K4

K4 = f (ti +h , yi + K3 *h)
K4 = f (0 +0.5 , 0 + (27.8193) (0.5))
K4 = f (0.5, 13.9096)
K4 = 0.01( 70 y i ) ( 50 y i)

K4 = 0.01( 7013.9096 ) ( 5013.9096 )

K4=20.2432
e) Hallar xi+1 , yi+1

ti+1=ti + h
ti+1=0 +0.5
ti+1=0.5

h
yi+1= yi + 6 (K1 +2K2+2 K3+ K4)
0.5
yi+1= 0 + 6 (35 +2(25.2656)+2(27.8193)+ 20.2432)
yi+1=13.4511

A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones

hasta encontrar el valor de y(0.5), y(1), y(5), y(5.5 y y(10) con h=0.5.

4. Use el mtodo Runge-Kutta para encontrar la solucin numrica del

siguiente sistema:
 dx
=x +2 y
dt
dy
=3 x +2 y
dt

Con x(0)=6 y y(0)=4 en el intervalo [0.0,0.2] tomando h=0.05.

a) Clculo f1 y g1

f1 = f (ti, xi, yi)

f1 = xi+2yi
f1 = 6+24
f1 =14

g1 = g (ti, xi, yi)

g1 = 3xi + 2yi
g1 = 36 + 24
g1 = 26

b) Determinar ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2

ti + h/2 = to + h/2
t0 + h/2 = 0 + 0.05/2
t0 + h/2 = 0.025

Xi + hf1/2 = x0 + hf1/2
X0 + hf1/2 = 6 + 0.0514/2
X0 + hf1/2 = 6.35

yi + hg1/2 = y0 + hg1/2
y0 + hg1/2 = 4 + 0.0526/2
y0 + hg1/2 = 4.65

c) Clculo f2 y g2

f2 = f (ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2)

f2 = xi+hf1/2 +2(yi+hg1/2)
f2 = 6.35+24.65
f2 =15.65

g2 = g (ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2)

g2 = 3(xi+hf1/2) + 2(yi+hg1/2)
g2 = 36.35 + 24.65
g2 = 28.35

d) Determinar ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2

ti + h/2 = to + h/2
 t0 + h/2 = 0 + 0.05/2
t0 + h/2 = 0.025

xi + hf2/2 = x0 + hf2/2
x0 + hf2/2 = 6 + 0.0515.65/2
x0 + hf2/2 = 6.39

yi + hg2/2 = y0 + hg2/2
y0 + hg2/2 = 4 + 0.0528.35/2
y0 + hg2/2 = 4.71

e) Clculo f3 y g3

f3 = f (ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2)

f3 = xi+hf2/2 +2(yi+hg2/2)
f3 = 6.39+24.71
f3 =15.81

g3 = g (ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2)

g3 = 3(xi+hf2/2) + 2(yi+hg2/2)
g3 = 36.39 + 24.71
g3 = 28.59

f) Determinar ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3

ti + h = to + h
t0 + h = 0 + 0.05
t0 + h = 0.025

xi + hf3 = x0 + hf3
x0 + hf3 = 6 + 0.0515.81
x0 + hf3 = 6.79

yi + hg3 = y0 + hg3
y0 + hg3 = 4 + 0.0528.59
y0 + hg3 = 5.43

g) Calcular f4 y g4

f4 = f (ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3)

f4 = xi+hf3/2 +2(yi+hg3/2)
f4 = 6.79+25.43
f4 =17.65

g4 = g (ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3)

g4 = 3(xi+hf3/2) + 2(yi+hg3/2)
g4 = 36.79 + 25.43
g4 = 21.23

h) Hallar ti+1 , xi+1 , yi+1

ti+1 = ti + h
t1 = t0 + h
t1 = 0 + 0.05
t1 = 0.005

Xi+1 = xi + h(f1+2f2+2f3+f4)/6
X1 = xo + h(f1+2f2+2f3+f4)/6
X1 = 6 + 0.05(14+215.65+215.81+17.65)/6
X1 = 6.79

yi+1 = yi + h(g1+2g2+2g3+g4)/6
y1 = yo + h(g1+2g2+2g3+g4)/6
y1 = 4 + 0.05(26+228.35+228.59+31.23)/6
y1 = 5.43
 A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones hasta encontrar el valor de x(0.2) y y(0.2).
t+h x+hf1 y+hg1 t+h x+hf2 y+hg2 t+ x+h y+h
i t x y f1 g1 f2 g2 f3 g3 f4 g4
/2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 h f3 g3
0.0 14.0 26.0 15.6 28.3 15.8 28.5 0.0 17.6 31.2
0 6.00 4.00 0.03 6.35 4.65 0.03 6.39 4.71 6.79 5.43
0 0 0 5 5 1 9 5 5 3
0.0 17.6 31.2 19.6 34.1 19.8 34.3 0.1 22.0 37.6
1 6.79 5.43 0.08 7.23 6.21 0.08 7.28 6.28 7.78 7.15
5 4 2 4 0 4 9 0 7 3
0.1 22.0 37.6 24.4 41.1 24.7 41.5 0.1 27.4 45.4
2 7.78 7.14 0.13 8.33 8.08 0.13 8.39 8.17 9.01 9.22
0 6 1 9 5 3 1 5 5 7
0.1 27.4 45.4 30.3 49.7 30.6 50.2 0.2 10.5 11.7 33.9 55.0
3 9.01 9.21 0.18 9.70 10.35 0.18 9.77 10.46
5 3 5 9 8 8 2 0 4 2 9 8
0.2 10. 11.
4
0 54 72
5. Use el mtodo de Runge Kutta con tamao de paso h=0.05 para
calcular x1

2x(t) 5x(t) 3x(t) = 45e2t

Con x(0)=2 y x(0)=1

Solucin analtica: x(t) = 4e-1/2 + 7e3t 9e2t

a. Sustitucin

dx
= y=f (t , x , y )
dt
2t
dy '' 45 e 3 x ( t )5 y (t )
=g ( t , x , y )=x ( t ) =
dt 2

b. Clculo f1 y g1

f1 = f (ti, xi, yi)

f1 = y i
f1 = y 0
f1 =1

g1 = g (ti, xi, yi)

g1 = (45e2t - 3xi - 5yi) /2
g1 = (45e2*0 - 32 - 51) /2
g1 = 28

c. Determinar ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2

ti + h/2 = to + h/2
t0 + h/2 = 0 + 0.05/2
t0 + h/2 = 0.025

Xi + hf1/2 = x0 + hf1/2
X0 + hf1/2 = 2 + 0.051/2
X0 + hf1/2 = 2.03

yi + hg1/2 = y0 + hg1/2
y0 + hg1/2 = 1 + 0.0528/2
y0 + hg1/2 = 1.70

d. Clculo f2 y g2

f2 = f (ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2)

f2 = yi+hg1/2
f2 = y0+hg1/2
f2 =1.70
 g2 = g (ti+h/2 , xi+hf1/2 , yi+hg1/2)
g2 = (45e2t 3(xi+hf1/2) 5(yi+hg1/2))/2
g2 = (45e2*0-32.03 -51.70)/2
g2 = 30.94

e. Determinar ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2

ti + h/2 = to + h/2
t0 + h/2 = 0 + 0.05/2
t0 + h/2 = 0.025

xi + hf2/2 = x0 + hf2/2
x0 + hf2/2 = 2 + 0.051.70/2
x0 + hf2/2 = 2.04

yi + hg2/2 = y0 + hg2/2
y0 + hg2/2 = 1 + 0.0530.94/2
y0 + hg2/2 = 1.77

f. Clculo f3 y g3

f3 = f (ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2)

f3 = yi+hg2/2
f3 = 1.77

g3 = g (ti+h/2 , xi+hf2/2 , yi+hg2/2)

g3 = (45e2t - 3(xi+hf2/2) 5(yi+hg2/2))/2
g3 = (45e2*0 - 32.04 51.77)/2
g3 = 31.15

g. Determinar ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3

ti + h = to + h
t0 + h = 0 + 0.05
t0 + h = 0.025

xi + hf3 = x0 + hf3
x0 + hf3 = 2 + 0.051.77
x0 + hf3 = 2.09

yi + hg3 = y0 + hg3
y0 + hg3 = 1 + 0.0531.15
y0 + hg3 = 2.56

h. Calcular f4 y g4

f4 = f (ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3)

f4 = yi+hg3/2
f4 =2.56
 g4 = g (ti+h , xi+hf3 , yi+hg3)
g4 = (45e2t - 3(xi+hf3/2) 5(yi+hg3/2))/2
g4 = (45e2*0 - 32.09 52.56)/2
g4 = 34.39

i. Hallar ti+1 , xi+1 , yi+1

ti+1 = ti + h
t1 = t0 + h
t1 = 0 + 0.05
t1 = 0.05

Xi+1 = xi + h(f1+2f2+2f3+f4)/6
X1 = xo + h(f1+2f2+2f3+f4)/6
X1 = 2 + 0.05(1+21.70+21.77+2.56)/6
X1 = 2.09

yi+1 = yi + h(g1+2g2+2g3+g4)/6
y1 = yo + h(g1+2g2+2g3+g4)/6
y1 = 1 + 0.05(28+230.94+231.15+34.39)/6
y1 = 2.59
 x
t+ x+ y+ t+ x+ y+ t y+
+
i t x y f1 g1 h/ hf1 hg f2 g2 h/ hf2 hg f3 g3 + hg f4 g4
hf
2 /2 1/2 2 /2 2/2 h 3
3
0. 0.
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0 0 0
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7 3 8.3 8.3 9.0 4
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8 4 9.8 1.6 2.4 4
49 03 03 43 9 27 27 43 7 57 57 06 15 15 .31
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8. 35. 35. 0. 8.9 39. 39. 0. 9.0 39. 39. 43. 43. 185
9 4 5.2 9.1 0.1 5 .0
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1 43. 43. 0. 11. 48. 48. 0. 11. 48. 48. 53. 53. 220
5 .0 5.2 1.6 2.8 5 .4
0 63 63 53 11 26 26 53 23 67 67 77 77 .70
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1 53. 53. 0. 13. 59. 59. 0. 13. 59. 59. 65. 65. 262
5 .4 0.6 9.9 1.3 6 .4
1 75 75 58 79 27 27 58 93 75 75 82 82 .40
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1 65. 65. 0. 17. 72. 72. 0. 17. 72. 72. 80. 80. 311
6 .4 2.3 5.0 6.7 6 .0
2 80 80 63 07 36 36 63 24 92 92 13 13 .51
0 3 4 4 0 5 8
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1 80. 80. 0. 21. 87. 87. 0. 21. 88. 88. 97. 97. 369
6 .0 1.4 8.1 0.1 7 .5
3 11 11 68 07 90 90 68 26 56 56 11 11 .27
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1 97. 97. 0. 25. 106 0. 26. 107 437
7 .4 9.1 6.3 0.5 7.1 2.8 7 .8 7.2 7.2
4 09 09 73 91 .32 73 14 .10 .17
0 8 8 2 8 0 8 5 4 3 3
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1 0. 31. 128 0. 32. 129 516
7 .8 7.2 7.2 7.0 8.1 3.9 9.0 6.6 8 .2 1.0 1.0
5 78 76 .12 78 03 .05 .94
5 3 0 0 7 2 5 5 7 0 8 3 3
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1 0. 38. 153 0. 39. 154 610
8 .2 0.9 0.9 6.8 3.9 0.1 4.9 3.3 8 .0 9.1 9.1
6 83 79 .91 83 11 .99 .58
0 7 9 9 2 1 2 9 1 5 2 6 6
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1 0. 47. 184 0. 47. 185 720
8 .0 9.1 9.1 0.4 4.3 1.2 5.6 4.9 9 .2 2.3 2.3
7 88 23 .37 88 61 .64 .43
5 0 1 1 3 7 4 4 9 0 8 6 6
0. 52 20 20 72 22 77 22 78 0. 63 24 24
1 0. 57. 220 0. 57. 221 849
9 .2 2.3 2.3 0.2 0.3 9.8 1.8 4.2 9 .3 1.5 1.5
8 93 32 .31 93 77 .80 .25
0 6 0 0 7 1 5 0 5 5 5 2 2
0. 63 24 24 84 26 91 26 92 1. 76 28 28 100
1 0. 69. 262 0. 69. 264
9 .3 1.4 1.4 9.0 2.6 8.8 4.4 4.0 0 .5 7.6 7.6 0.2
9 98 36 .68 98 89 .42
5 3 5 5 5 8 8 2 5 0 5 5 5 1
1 7
28
2 . 6.
7.
0 0 5
58
0 2
 A continuacin se muestra una tabla con las respectivas iteraciones hasta
encontrar el valor de x(1) y x(1) (x=y).

Solucin analtica: x(1)=76.52 y(1)=291.22