1361 - 04 - Div 03 - Concrete

SECTION 030130 CONCRETE REPAIR
PART 1 -- GENERA
1.01 REFERENCES
A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this Section:
1. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
a. 503R, Use of Epoxy Compounds with Concrete.
b. 506R, Guide to Shotcrete.
c. 506.2, Specification for Shotcrete.
2. ASTM International (ASTM):
a. A82/A82M, Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete

Reinforcement.
b. A185/A185M, Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire

Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete.
c. C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using

Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading).
d. C109/C109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of

Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50mm] Cube Specimen).
e. C157/C157M, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened

Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete.
f. C348, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic Cement

Mortars.
g. C496/C496M, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of

Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
h. C531, Standard Test Method for Linear Shrinkage and Coefficient of

Thermal Expansion of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic
Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes.
i. C596, Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing

Hydraulic Cement.
j. C666/C666M, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid

Freezing and Thawing.
k. C779, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal

Concrete Surfaces.
Concrete Repair
Section No. 030130-1
TVWD Ridgewood View Park Reservoir and Pump Station
l. C882, Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Systems
Used with Concrete by Slant Shear.
m. C928, Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening

Cementitious Materials for concrete Repairs.
n. C1012, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement

Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution.
o. C1140, Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from

Shotcrete Test Panels.
p. C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes

Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration.
q. C1583/C1583M, Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete

Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and
Overlay Materials in Direct Tension (Pull-off Method).
r. D4258, Standard Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating.
s. D4259, Standard Practice for Abrading Concrete.
3. NSF International (NSF): 61, Standard for Drinking Water System Components
Health Effects.
4. International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI):
a. 210.3, Guide for Using In-Situ Tensile Pull-Off Tests to Evaluate Bond of
Concrete Surface Materials (formerly No. 03739).
b. 310.1R, Guide for Surface Preparation for the Repair of Deteriorated

Concrete Resulting from Reinforcing Steel Corrosion (formerly No. 03730).
c. 310.2, Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers,

Coatings, and Polymer Overlays (formerly No. 03732).
1.02 DEFINITIONS
A. Low-Pressure Spray Mortar: Mortar applied by low-pressure spraying, or in small areas

by hand troweling.
B. Defective Concrete: As defined in Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
C. Structural Defects: Concrete condition or characteristic that detracts from strength, life
expectancy, or durability of concrete, or determined by the Engineer.
1. Structural defects may occur in the following areas:
a. Areas subject to structural loading.
Concrete Repair
b. Areas subject to heavy wear.
c. Interior of hydraulic structure.
d. Below grade structure.
e. Display defects or parts of defect that extend 1 inch or deeper into concrete
and deemed by Engineer as structural defect.
D. Nonstructural Defects:
1. Areas with defects that meet the following:
a. Deemed by Engineer to be superficial.
b. Less than 1 inch in depth.
c. Not subjected to structural loads or heavy wear.
d. Detracts from appearance without impacting structural properties.
E. Rebound: Shotcrete material, mostly aggregates, that bounce off a surface against
which it is projected.
F. Shotcrete: Mortar pumped through a hose and projected at high velocity.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
A. Action Submittals:
1. Product data sheets for each material supplied for horizontal, vertical, and
overhead concrete repairs.
2. Samples: Mesh reinforcement and mesh anchor.
3. Drawings or photographs indicating location, size, estimated quantity, and

proposed repair mortar for each repair location in new concrete.
B. Informational Submittals:
1. Mortar System:
a. Manufacturers preparation and installation instructions.
b. Manufacturers recommended fabric size for mesh reinforcement.
c. Written test report for each production or core sample.
2. Mesh manufacturers installation instructions and allowable load criteria.
3. Written description of equipment proposed for hydrodemolition for surface

preparation.
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4. Certifications:
a. Manufacturers Certificate of Compliance that proposed repair product

system meets or exceeds specified performance criteria when tested in
accordance with Article Field Quality Control.
b. Certificate of Compliance that repair products are one component with

added water only, shrinkage compensated, specifically designed for use on
surfaces that are weather exposed, and traffic rated for horizontal surfaces.
c. Confirmation material meets the requirements of ASTM C928.
d. Confirmation that all materials that will be in contact with potable water
meet requirements of NSF 61.
e. Mortar System Manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation.
f. Shotcrete Nozzleman: Current ACI Certification for each proposed

nozzleman.
g. Product manufacturers letter for all materials which may come in contact
with potable water (submerged or periodically wetted) which certifies that
the material holds a current National Sanitation Foundation Standard 61
certification. The manufacturers letter shall include a copy of the NSF 61
certification letter.
5. Statements of Qualification:
a. Shotcrete nozzleman.
b. Mortar system manufacturers representative.
6. Mortar system manufacturers proposed modified test procedures for ASTM

C109/C109M and ASTM C882 test methods.
1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Prior to purchasing repair materials or installing concrete repairs, the Contractor shall
submit details for each proposed repair to the Engineer for review. The items to be
included in the submittal shall include as a minimum the following items:
1. Repair location.
2. Methods to be used for removal of defective or unsound concrete.
3. Cleaning and surface condition just prior to repair material application.
4. Repair materials, installation and curing.
5. Qualifications as listed below.
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6. Mockups as listed below.
B. Qualifications:
1. Mortar System Applicator:
a. Experienced applicator endorsed by mortar system manufacturer.
b. For low-pressure spray mortar system in lieu of endorsement, complete

mortar system manufacturers demonstration in accordance with Article
Manufacturers Services.
2. Mortar System Manufacturers Representative: As specified in Section 014333,

Manufacturers Field Services.
3. Shotcrete Nozzleman: ACI Certification in accordance with ACI 506R.
C. Mockups:
1. Mortar System Manufacturers Demonstration:
a. Notify Owners testing agency a minimum of 24 hours prior to

demonstrating repair and prior to performing tests of repair materials. Refer
to requirements of Section 014533, Structural Tests and Inspections.
b. Schedule time for manufacturers demonstration of repair system proposed

for Project. Prepare mortar to specified consistency, for testing and
placement. Initiate curing on portions of each type of surface to be repaired
to include overhead and vertical applications.
c. Prepare surface area in advance of demonstration and obtain manufacturers

acceptance of preparation for each type of application.
d. Demonstrate:
1) Mixing and application equipment capabilities and procedures,

including the flow of material from nozzle or sprayer.
2) Nozzle operator and person in charge of low-pressure sprayer,

capabilities and ability to follow prescribed application procedures
and properly operate equipment and apply surface repair materials.
e. Compression Strength Test: Take core compression test samples from

demonstration panel and deliver to an independent testing laboratory for
testing at 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days.
f. Tensile Bond Test: Test in-situ for tensile bond at 1 day and 7 days as
specified herein for Direct Tension Bond Test.
2. For each type of mortar system application demonstration, prepare area of at least
10 feet by 10 feet by the average thickness required for Project.
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3. Demonstration Mockup for Hand Applied Repair Mortar at Small Areas:
a. Mortar System Manufacturers Demonstration:
1) Schedule time for manufacturers demonstration of repair system

proposed for Project.
2) Prepare mortar to specified consistency, for testing and placement.
3) Cure portions of each type of surface to be repaired using proposed

curing procedure and materials, including horizontal, overhead, and
vertical applications.
4) Prepare surface area in advance of demonstration and obtain

manufacturers acceptance of preparation for each type of application.
a) Demonstrate mixing and application procedures.
5) Compression Strength Test: Take core samples from demonstration

placement and deliver to independent testing laboratory for testing at
7 days and 28 days.
6) Tensile Bond Test: Take a core of the demonstration placement and

test for tensile bond at 7 days as specified herein below for Direct
Tension Bond Test.
1.05 PREREPAIR CONFERENCE
A. Required Meeting Attendees:
1. Contractor, including Contractors Quality Control Representative.
2. Repair Subcontractor.
3. Technical representative for repair material manufacturer.
4. Engineer.
5. Special Inspectors.
B. Schedule and conduct prior to incorporation of respective products into Project. Notify
Engineer of location and time.
C. Agenda shall include:
1. Review of field conditions. Conduct field observations of Work to be performed.
2. Based on above observations, repair material manufacturers technical

representative shall make material selection and repair method recommendations
for horizontal, vertical, and overhead applications.
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3. Technical representative for repair material manufacturer shall review proposed
surface preparation, material application, consolidation, finishing, curing, and
protection of repair material from weather conditions.
4. Other specified requirements requiring coordination.
1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Package mortar system products in moisture-resistant bags, pails, or moisture-resistant

bulk bags.
B. Deliver, store, and handle repair materials in accordance with manufacturers printed
instructions.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
2.01 NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION CERTIFICATION
A. In accordance with the State of Oregons, Oregon Health Authority Department of

Water Services regulation OAR 333-061-0087, all materials in contact with potable
water shall have a current National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 61
certification.
B. Refer to Part 1 for requirements in submitting documentation that the materials

provided under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 SHOTCRETE MORTAR SYSTEM
A. Mortar Materials:
1. Blend of selected Portland cements, microsilica, and specially graded aggregates

and nonmetallic fibers applicable for vertical and overhead surfaces.
2. Materials shall not contain asbestos, chlorides, nitrates, added gypsum, added
lime, or high aluminum cements.
3. Noncombustible before and after cure.
4. Furnish in a factory proportioned unit.
5. Workability from 1/4 inch in depth and greater.
B. Mixed Mortar Properties:
1. Working Time: 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
2. Finishing Time: 10 minutes to 20 minutes.
3. Color: Dark gray.
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C. Cured Mortar Properties:
1. Compressive strength for 2-inch cubes and in accordance with ASTM

C109/C109M, or 3-inch cubes in accordance with manufacturers modification to
ASTM C109/C109M:
a. Test as specified herein below:
1) 1 day: Document strength.
2) 7 days: 6,000 psi minimum.
3) 28 days: 7,000 psi minimum.
2. Direct Tension Bond Strength:
a. Test as specified herein below:
1) 1 day.
2) 7 days.
3. Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture) ASTM C78 at 28 days or ASTM C348

(Modified) at 28 days: 1,100 psi minimum.
4. Splitting Tensile Strength, ASTM C496/C496M at 28 days: 400 psi minimum.
5. Chloride Ion Penetrability Based on Charge Passed, ASTM C1202:

800 coulombs maximum.
6. Mortar shall not produce a vapor barrier.
7. Certified to meet requirements of NSF 61 for contact with potable water.
D. Manufacturers and Products:
1. For Surface Repairs in Contract with Potable Water or Not in Contact Potable
Water:
a. BASF Construction Chemicals, LLC Building, Systems, MN; Shotpatch

21F.
2. For Surface Repairs Not In Contact with Potable Water:
a. Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; SIKACEM 103F.
b. Euclid Chemical Co., Cleveland, OH; Eucoshot F.
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2.03 LOW-PRESSURE SPRAY MORTAR SYSTEM
A. Mortar:
1. One component, cement based, nonmetallic fiber reinforced, shrinkage

compensated, gray in color, with a minimum 30-minute working time.
2. Cured materials mixed to a flow of 70 percent at five drops shall conform to the
following criteria:
a. Minimum Slant Shear Bond Strength: 3,000 psi at 28 days in accordance

with ASTM C882 test method.
b. Minimum Compressive Strength: 6,000 psi at 28 days in accordance with

ASTM C109/C109M.
c. Minimum Tensile Bond Strength ACI 503R, Appendix A or ASTM

C496/C496M: 300 psi at 28 days.
d. Minimum Flexural Strength: 1,100 psi at 28 days in accordance with

ASTM C348.
e. Chloride Ion Penetrability Based on Charge Passed, ASTM C1202:
1) 800 coulombs maximum.
f. Drying Shrinkage at 28 days: 0.1 percent maximum in accordance with

ASTM C157 Modified or ASTM C531.
g. System shall not produce a vapor barrier.
h. Certified to meet requirements of NSF 61 for contact with potable water.
B. Sprayable, extremely low permeability, sulfate resistant, easy to use, and requiring only
the addition of water.
C. Free of chlorides and other chemicals causing corrosion.
D. Manufacturers and Products:
1. For all locations:
a. BASF Building Systems, Shakopee, MN; MBT P& R Emaco S88CI.
b. Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; SikaRepair 224.
2. For Surface Repairs Not In Contact with Potable Water: Euclid Chemical Co.,
Cleveland, OH; Tamms Structural Mortar.
Concrete Repair
2.04 POLYMER-MODIFIED REPAIR MORTAR (VERTICAL AND OVERHEAD
REPAIRS)
A. Polymer-modified, cementitious based, chloride resistant, flowable, gray in color,

working time of 20 minutes minimum, surface renovation mortar conforming to the
following properties:
1. Minimum Slant Shear Bond Strength: 2,000 psi at 28 days in accordance in with
ASTM C882 test method modified with no bonding agent.
2. Compressive Strength, ASTM C109/C109M at 28 days: minimum 7,000 psi.
3. Flexural Strength, ASTM C348 at 28 days: minimum 1,200 psi.
4. Chloride Ion Penetrability Based on Charge Passed, ASTM C1202:

6. Drying Shrinkage, ASTM C596 at 28 days: maximum 0.12 percent.
7. Freeze Thaw Resistance, ASTM C666/C666M, at 300 cycles: 90 percent RDF.
B. Manufacturers and Products:
1. For all locations: Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; SikaTop 123.
2. For Surface Repairs not in contact with Potable water: Euclid Chemical Co.,
Cleveland, OH; DuralTop Gel.
2.05 POLYMER-MODIFIED REPAIR MORTAR (HORIZONTAL REPAIRS)
A. One-component, fast-setting conforming to the following properties:
1. Minimum Slant Shear Bond Strength: 2,000 psi at 28 days in accordance in with
ASTM C882 test method modified with no bonding agent.
2. Compressive Strength, ASTM C109/C109M, 1 day, 2,500 psi; 7 days, 5,000 psi;
28 days, 7,000 psi minimums.
3. Flexural Strength, ASTM C348 at 28 days: minimum 1,500 psi.
4. Abrasion Resistance Depth of Wear, ASTM C779, Procedure A: 60 minutes,

0.033 inch.
5. Rapid Chloride Ion Penetrability Based on Charge Passed, ASTM C1202:

28 days, 850 coulombs maximum.
Concrete Repair
7. Drying Shrinkage, ASTM C157 Modified, at 28 days: maximum 0.09 percent.
1. For all locations: Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; SikaTop 122.
2. For Surface Repairs Not In Contact with Potable Water: Building Systems,
Shakopee, MN; Emaco R310 CI.
2.06 CEMENT BASED REPAIR MORTAR (HORIZONTAL REPAIRS)
A. Not for use on surfaces in contact with Potable Water.
B. One-component cement based, flowable shrinkage compensated repair mortar

conforming to the following properties:
1. Minimum Slant Shear Bond Strength: 1,150 psi at 7 days; 3,000 psi at 28 days in
accordance in with ASTM C882 test method modified with no bonding agent.
2. Compressive Strength, ASTM C109/C109M, 1 day, 2,500 psi; 7 days, 6,000 psi;
28 days, 8,000 psi minimums.
3. Flexural Strength, ASTM C348 at 28 days: minimum 770 psi.
4. Resistant to Freeze-Thaw cycles: 300 cycles: 97.0 percent RDM per

ASTM C666, Procedure A.
5. Abrasion Resistance Depth of Wear, ASTM C779, Procedure A: 60 minutes,

0.033 inch.
6. Chloride Ion Penetrability Based on Charge Passed, ASTM C1202: 28 days,

7. Sulfate Resistance: ASTM C1012, maximum 0.01 percent length change.
8. Modulus of Elasticity: ASTM C469: 5.9 by 106 minimum at 28 days.
C. Manufacturers and Products:
1. For all locations: BASF Building Systems, Shakopee, MN; Emaco S66-CI.
2. For Surface Repairs Not In Contact with Potable Water: Euclid Chemical Co.,
Cleveland, OH; Eucocrete Supreme.
2.07 CEMENTITIOUS BONDING AGENT AND REINFORCEMENT COATING
A. Epoxy resin concrete cement adhesive, specifically formulated for bonding plastic
portland cement concrete or mortar to hardened portland cement concrete.
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1. Mixed Bonding Agent Properties:
a. Pot Life: 75 minutes to 105 minutes.
b. Contact Time: 24 hours.
c. Concrete Color: Gray.
2. Cured Epoxy Resin Portland Cement Adhesive Properties:
a. Splitting Tensile Strength, ASTM C496/C496M at 28 days: 600 psi

minimum.
b. Flexural Strength, ASTM C348: 1,000 psi minimum.
c. Slant Shear Bond Strength, ASTM C882/C882M:
1) 2-hour Open Time: 2,500 psi minimum.
2) 24-hour Open Time: 2,000 psi minimum.
d. Bonding agent shall not produce a vapor barrier.
e. Compatible with mortar system.
1. BASF Building Systems, Shakopee, MN; MBT P&R Emaco.
2. Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; Sika Armatec 110 EpoCem.
3. Euclid Chemical Co., Cleveland, OH: Dural Prep AC.
2.08 WATER ACCESSORIES
A. Clean and free from oil, acid, alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious substances,
meeting federal drinking water standards.
1. Evaporation Retardant: as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing.
2. Curing Compound: as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing.
3. Materials with surface in contact with potable water shall be NSF 61 certified or
alternate methods shall be used.
B. Mesh Reinforcement: Welded wire fabric with spacing of wires, and wire size in
accordance with ASTM A185/A185M, ASTM A82/A82M, and mortar system
manufacturers recommendations.
C. Tie Wire: 16-gauge, galvanized.
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D. Mesh Anchors:
1. Manufacturers and Products:
a. Powers Fastening, Inc.; Tie Wire Version of Power-Stud.
b. Hilti Fastener Systems; Kwik Bolt II HHDCA, 1/4-inch ceiling hanger.
E. Evaporation Retardant: as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing.
F. Curing Compound: as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing.
G. Materials with surface in contact with potable water shall be NSF 61 certified or
alternate methods shall be used.
2.09 ANTI-CORROSION COATING
A. Three component, solvent free, moisture tolerant, epoxy modified, cementitious

material.
B. Products:
1. Sika Corp.; Sika Armatec 110 EpoCem.
2. Or acceptable equivalent product.
2.10 EPOXY BONDING AGENT
A. Epoxy bonding/grouting adhesive shall conform to ASTM C881 Type I, II, IV or V;

Grade 2, Class C for epoxy resin adhesives, depending on the application. The class of
epoxy bonding agent shall be suitable for all ambient and substrate temperatures.
B. Products:
1. Sika Corp.; Sikadur 32, Hi-Mod.
2. Sika Corp.; Sikadur 32, Hi-Mod LPL.
2.11 CEMENTITIOUS WATERPROOFING SLURRY
A. Waterproofing shall be a cementitious crystalline concrete waterproofing.
B. Products:
1. Xypex; XYPEX CONCENTRATE.
2. Pro Seal; Pro-Seal DP-36.
Concrete Repair
2.12 FLEXIBLE CRACK REPAIR
A. Flexible crack repair shall be hydrophobic polyurethane suitable for crack grouting by
injection.
B. Each location where flexible crack repair products are used must be approved in writing
by the Engineer, prior to installation. Unless explicitly approved in writing by the
Engineer, concrete crack repairs shall be per Specification 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy
Injection Grouting.
C. Products:
1. Sika Corp.; SikaFix HH LV.
2. DeNeef Construction Chemicals, Inc.; Hydro Active Grouts.
2.13 CONCRETE SEALER
A. Concrete sealer shall be a solvent-free, colorless, non-vapor-barrier sealer for absorbent

cementitious surfaces that will not degrade under UV exposure.
B. Products:
1. Sika Corp.; Sikagard 701W.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. New Concrete Work: Repair deficiencies in new concrete structures with applicable
repair system at no cost to Owner.
B. Vertical concrete surface repair system may either be shotcrete mortar or low-pressure
spray mortar for structural repairs, and hand or low-pressure spray applied polymer-
modified mortar for nonstructural surface applications.
3.02 PREPARATION
A. Identify unsound and deteriorated concrete by sounding techniques and review

proposed extent of repair with Engineer.
B. For patch areas 1/4 inch or deeper, follow ICRI 310.1R of ICRI 310.2.
C. Remove unsound, honeycombed, deteriorated, or otherwise defective concrete from

work areas by using 16,000 psi to 20,000 psi high-pressure water blasting machine
capable of removing concrete surfaces to a minimum amplitude roughness of 3/16-inch
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roughness when measured with a straightedge, CSP 6-9 in accordance with ICRI 310.2,
in accordance with ASTM D4259.
D. Where final surface is required to be flush with existing surface, remove existing
concrete depth as required for application of minimum thickness of repair mortar.
E. Do not use power-driven jackhammers and chipping hammers, unless water blasting is
not practical or may cause other damage.
1. In such cases where chipping hammers are required, limit size of chipping
hammer to reduce formation of microfracture of substrate concrete surface.
2. Following removal of unsound or deteriorated concrete, check substrate concrete

surface by sounding techniques to identify unsound concrete remaining or
resulting from use of chipping hammer.
3. Remove unsound concrete to satisfaction of Engineer.
F. To avoid tapered shoulders or featheredges, square edges of patch areas by sawing or

chipping. Avoid cutting embedded reinforcing steel. Roughen polished saw-cut edge
by high pressure water blasting or abrasive blasting.
G. Collect and dispose water from removal operations in manner and location acceptable to
Owner. Do not dispose via drainage or stormwater systems.
H. Remove concrete minimum of 1-inch clear around reinforcing bar for application and
bonding of new mortar to entire surface of exposed reinforcing steel if the following
surface conditions exist:
1. 50 percent or more of reinforcing bar surface is exposed during removal of

concrete.
2. 25 percent or more of reinforcing steel surface is exposed during removal of

concrete and extent of reinforcing bar corrosion is such that more than 25 percent
of material is lost.
3. Bond between existing concrete and reinforcement has deteriorated, as

determined by Engineer.
I. Clean exposed reinforcing steel of rust and concrete per recommendations of repair
material manufacturer and in accordance with ASTM D4258 and recommendations of
ICRI 310.1R. Coat exposed reinforcing steel with flexible cementitious reinforcing
coating.
J. Replace deteriorated reinforcing with new reinforcing equivalent in cross-sectional area

to original reinforcing. Weld new bars to existing reinforcement when and as directed
by Engineer.
K. Keep areas from which concrete has been removed free of dirt, dust, and water blasting
slurry. Remove laitance and other bond inhibiting contaminates from prepared areas.
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Dampen area to be patched and an area at least 6 inches beyond for at least 24 hours to
prevent absorption of water from patching mortar. Provide saturated surface dry (SSD)
condition without standing water at time of application of mortar, as required by and in
accordance with material manufacturers printed instructions.
L. Spalled Joints:
1. Saw edge 1 inch deep and 6 inches back from the old joint.
2. Remove unsound concrete between saw cut and the joint.
3. Place wood or fiber spacer to thickness of joint at joint line.
M. Overlays:
1. Square cut edges to a minimum of 1/4 inch deep.
2. Do not feather edge area.
3. Perform special preparation recommended by mortar manufacturer.
3.03 MESH REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION
A. Provide reinforcement when existing reinforcement is not exposed, and when mortar
application is more than 3 inches deep, unless otherwise shown in Drawings.
B. Install mesh anchors in accordance with mesh manufacturers instructions.
C. Fasten reinforcement to mesh anchors with tie wire.
D. Lap reinforcement a minimum of one mesh spacing and secure with tie wire at intervals
no less than 12 inches.
E. Coat exposed reinforcing bar with cementitious reinforcement coating as per

manufacturers instructions.
3.04 PROTECTION
A. Protect adjacent surfaces from over application of bonding agent. Promptly remove
bonding agent applied beyond repair area.
B. Protect adjacent surfaces, and equipment, from being damaged by overshooting,

rebound, and dust, as applicable for repair mortar system used, from shotcrete mortar or
low- pressure spray mortar.
3.05 SHOTCRETE MORTAR APPLICATION
A. Apply shotcrete mortar in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
B. Do not reuse rebound materials.
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C. Apply mortar utilizing dry mix process, in accordance with ACI 506.2.
D. Mortar shall emerge from nozzle in a steady, uninterrupted flow. If flow becomes
intermittent, direct flow away from Work until flow of mortar becomes constant.
E. Minimum thickness of applied mortar 1-1/2 inches or 2 inches of cover over existing
reinforcement, whichever results in a thicker coat.
F. Slice off excess material with a wire screed approximately 5 minutes to 10 minutes after
initial set.
G. Rebound Removal: Continuously throughout mortar application, remove rebound,

sand, and miscellaneous debris.
H. Nozzle Position: Hold nozzle approximately at right angles to and at a distance from
surface in accordance with mortar system manufacturers instructions for type of
application, nozzle, and air pressure used.
I. Reinforcing Steel Encasement: Modify procedure of shooting mortar to better direct

material around reinforcement bars. Prevent mortar from building up on reinforcement
steel when shooting on, around, through, and behind steel, to eliminate voids. Provide
dense, void-free encasement of reinforcement steel.
J. Shotcreting More than One Layer: In accordance with mortar system manufacturers
instructions.
K. Apply finish to exposed mortar surfaces to match existing surfaces and in accordance
with manufacturers instructions. Steel trowel finish when finish coat is not applied.
Apply full strength finishing aid.
3.06 LOW-PRESSURE SPRAY MORTAR APPLICATION
A. Mix mortar in mortar-concrete mixer attached to pump-spray equipment for spray

application. Mix with a slow speed drill and jiffler type paddle or small mortar type
mixer for hand trowel application.
B. After priming substrate per manufacturers recommendations, apply mortar by low

pressure spraying equipment unless noted otherwise.
C. Bonding Agent:
1. Use bonding agent for hand applied areas.
2. Application of repair mortar over the bonding agent shall be completed within
time frame recommended by bonding agent manufacturer.
3. Consult with manufacturer for optimum and minimum acceptable degrees of

surface tackiness of coat.
D. Work mortar firmly and quickly into repair area.
Concrete Repair
E. Finish mortar with hand float application to smooth even surface matching adjacent
concrete or steel trowel finish to match adjacent surfaces. Provide finishing aid at full
strength.
3.07 APPLICATION
A. For areas to be repaired with cementitious products, the following application

requirements shall be met.
1. Mix mortar in mortar-concrete mixer attached to pump-spray equipment for spray

application. Mix with a slow speed drill and jiffler type paddle or small mortar
type mixer for hand trowel application.
2. Hand Troweling: Apply bond coat of the repair mortar to the SSD prepared
substrate before application of mortar. Do not apply more of the bond coat than
can be covered with mortar before the bond coat dries. Do not retemper this bond
coat.
3. Place mortar by hand or low-pressure spray and trowel to specified surface finish.
4. Finish repair mortar with steel trowel finish to smooth even surface matching
adjacent concrete surface.
3.08 CURING
A. Prior to curing, apply water fog to mortar system in accordance with mortar system
B. Commence water curing after mortar system application and when curing will not cause
erosion of mortar.
C. Continuously water cure mortar system for a period of 7 days.
D. Do not membrane cure.
E. Cure intermediate layers of mortar in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
3.09 TESTS AND INSPECTIONS:
A. Special Inspection, Testing, and Professional Observation shall be provided by the

Owner, as indicated in the Statement of Special Inspection Plan on the Drawings and in
Section 014533, Structural Tests and Inspections.
3.10 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Sounding for Hollow Areas:
1. Light hammer tap repaired areas listening for hollow sound to determine areas
that have not properly bonded to substrate concrete.
2. Mark hollow areas for removal and replacement.
Concrete Repair
3. Saw cut hollow sounding areas to a new square edge, and reapply mortar as
specified.
B. Compression Strength Test:
1. Test in accordance with ASTM C109/C109M, except modified by making

samples using repair mortar.
2. Obtain production samples of mixed materials from nozzle, or mixer, construction

for compliance with Specifications.
3. Provide a minimum of three samples for each 500 square feet of mortar and a
minimum of three samples in total, whichever is greater, for testing.
C. Direct Tension Bond Test:
1. In Situ Bond Testing: Perform tension bond test in accordance with ASTM
C1583/C1583M, following recommendations in ICRI 210.3.
D. Testing laboratory retained by Owner will test the following:
1. Compression Strength Test:
a. Testing will follow a modified ASTM C109/C109M.
b. A minimum of three production samples of mixed material will be obtained

from each 500 square feet of mortar repair, and a minimum of three samples
in total, whichever is greater, for testing.
2. Direct Tension Bond Test:
a. In-situ Bond Testing: Tension bond test in accordance with ASTM

C1583/C1583M following recommendations in ICRI 210.3.
b. Where deemed necessary by Engineer:
1) Two core samples will be obtained and tested for each 2,000 square
feet of repair work.
2) Cores will be 2-1/2-inch or 3-inch diameter to a total depth equal to at

least 2.5 times repair mortar thickness.
3) Bond Strength of Repair Mortar to Substrate Concrete: 300 psi

minimum in direct tension without failure or movement.
E. Retest mortar repairs that do not meet test requirements.
F. Repair and fill holes using same repair mortar where core samples have been removed.
G. Remove and replace unacceptable Work.
Concrete Repair
3.11 TESTS AND INSPECTIONS
A. Special inspection, testing and professional observation shall be provided by the Owner
as indicated in the Statement of Special Inspection Plan in the Drawings and in
3.12 MANUFACTURERS SERVICES
A. Provide mortar system manufacturers representative at site in accordance with Section

014333, Manufacturers Field Services, for installation assistance, inspection and
Certification of Proper Installation, and training of mortar system applicators.
3.13 PROTECTION
A. Protect adjacent surfaces, and equipment, from being damaged by overshooting

shotcrete mortar or low-pressure spray mortar.
3.14 CLEANING
A. Remove overshot mortar and rebound materials as Work proceeds. Remove from Work
waste materials, unsound material from concrete surfaces, material chipped from walls,
and water used in preparation of application and finishing.
END OF SECTION
Concrete Repair
SECTION 030510 WATER TIGHTNESS TESTING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. This Section describes the method of testing concrete hydraulic structures for leakage.
All hydraulic structures shall be leak tested unless specifically exempted by the
Engineer.
1.02 REFERENCES
A. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
1. 350.1: Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and

Commentary, 2010 Edition.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
A. Provide piping and equipment to test concrete structures for leakage as described
herein.
B. Water to be used for the first water tightness testing of hydraulic structures will be
provided by the Owner at no cost to the Contractor. The cost of water for all subsequent
tests, will be billed to the Contractor by the Owner. The cost of water will be
determined at the time of testing.
C. The cost of all other labor, materials and equipment used for each water tightness test
shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. Hydrostatically test reinforced concrete structures which will contain fluids to

determine that they conform to leakage criteria specified herein and are free of
detectable leaks. Do not hydrostatically test walls that are to be restrained or laterally
supported by slabs until slab concrete has obtained the specified compressive strength,
as verified by test cylinder compression test results.
B. Prior to testing, clean exposed surfaces by thoroughly hosing and removing surface
laitance and loose matter from walls and slabs. Remove wash water and debris from the
structures by means other than washing through plant piping.
C. All defective concrete and potential leakage points shall be identified and repaired prior
to filling the tank with water for the tightness test. Methods for repairing concrete shall
Water Tightness Testing of Hydraulic Structures

be as specified in Section 030130, Concrete Repair, and Section 036423, Crack Repair
Epoxy Injection Grouting. Repairs shall be fully cured prior to proceeding with water
tightness testing.
D. Unless approved by the Engineer no backfilling, waterproofing, floor finish, concrete or

mortar fill, wall insulation, gas-proofing, protective coatings, or permanent pipe
connections shall be applied to or installed in any new hydraulic structures until they
have been subjected to loading for settlement and tested for leakage. Testing shall not
be performed until the concrete has reached its specified design strength.
E. Install and cure all joint sealant material inside the hydraulic structure.
F. Disinfect the interior surfaces of the hydraulic structure, in accordance with AWWA
C653. The water storage tanks shall be chlorinated using AWWA C652 Method 2 (200
mg/L spray). The procedures shall be approved by the Engineer in advance.
G. Other items as determined by the Engineer.
3.02 WATER TIGHTNESS TEST PROCEDURE
A. Water tightness testing procedures and acceptance criteria shall meet the provisions of
the hydrostatic tightness test for open or covered containment structures, as specified by
ACI 350.1 Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures.
B. Each water tightness test shall consist of filling and two simultaneous test parts. The
acceptance criteria of both parts shall be met in order for a hydraulic structure to be
considered as having passed its respective water tightness test.
1. Part 1: Qualitative criteria, visual assessment of water leakage through to exposed

concrete surfaces and from perimeter and/or underdrain piping.
2. Part 2: Hydrostatic test that measures water level change within the structure.
C. Filling:
1. Filling rate shall not exceed 4 feet per 24 hours of water depth with continuous
monitoring. Filling shall be at a uniform rate.
2. Water levels used for water tightness testing shall correspond to 1-inch below the
maximum overflow elevation.
3. Maintain this water elevation for an initial 72-hour period prior to beginning Part
1 or Part 2 of the water tightness test.
4. If the characteristics of settlement of the structure so require, the loading shall

continue for a longer period to permit the necessary consolidation of the
foundation material, in which case the Contractor shall be entitled to no extra
compensation, but a commensurate extension of time for completion of the whole
work under this contract shall be allowed.

D. Part 1: Qualitative Criteria:
1. The exterior surfaces of the hydraulic structure shall be observed in both the early
mornings and late afternoons during the test 3-day period before Part 2 of the test.
If any water is observed on the hydraulic structure exterior surfaces, including
joints, repaired honeycombed areas and cracks, where moisture can be picked up
on a dry hand, the hydraulic structure shall be considered to have failed Part 1 of
the hydrostatic test.
2. Wet areas on top of the wall footing shall not be cause to fail Part 1 of the
hydrostatic tightness test, unless the water can be observed to be flowing from the
hydraulic structure.
3. Although Part 2 of the test may begin prior to completion of repairs for Part 1, all
defects causing the failure of Part 1 of the hydrostatic tightness test shall be
repaired before acceptance of the hydraulic structure.
E. Part 2: Hydrostatic Test:
1. Testing procedures, measuring, recording and retesting shall be in accordance

with ACI 350.1.
2. Acceptance criteria for the hydrostatic test shall be such that the volume loss in
the hydraulic structure during the test period does not exceed 0.05 percent of the
test volume in a 24 hour period.
F. On conclusion of the test, the Contractor shall pump or drain the water from the
structure and dispose it without damage to structures or surrounding facilities, unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3.03 REPAIR METHODS
A. The Contractor shall furnish all labor, materials and do all work necessary to locate
leaks and repair the hydraulic structure such that it is able to pass the specified water
tightness test, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. No additional compensation will be
allowed for such work.
B. Methods for repairing concrete cracks shall be in accordance with Section 036423,
Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting.
C. Methods for repairing other types of concrete defects shall be in accordance with
Section 030130, Concrete Repair.
3.04 CLOSEOUT ACTIVITIES
A. Provide in accordance with Section 017700, Contract Closeout.
END OF SECTION


SECTION 031000 CONCRETE FORMWORK
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. Provide design and furnish materials for fabricating, erecting and removing formwork,
false work and shoring for cast-in-place concrete and concrete repair as shown in the
Drawings and specified herein for a complete installation.
B. Use formwork to cast all cast-in-place concrete.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Manufacturers Field Services: 014333
B. Concrete Repair: 030130
C. Concrete Joints and Accessories: 031500
D. Concrete Reinforcement: 032100
E. Concrete Finishes: 033500
F. Concrete Curing and Protection: 033900
G. Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting: 036423
1.03 REFERENCES
1. 117/117R: Standard Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials.
2. 309.2R: Identification and Control of Visible Effects of Consolidation on Formed

Concrete Surfaces.
3. 318/318R: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and

Commentary.
4. 347: Guide to Formwork for Concrete.
B. Engineered Wood Association (APA).
C. National Institute of. Product Standards and Technology:
1. Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 Structural Plywood.
1.04 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
A. Design formwork in conformance with methodology of ACI 347R for anticipated loads,
lateral pressures, depth of concrete placement and rate of concrete placement. Design
Concrete Formwork
shall consider any special requirements due to the use of self-consolidating, plasticized
and/or retarded set concrete. All forms and shoring shall be designed at the contractors
expense.
1.05 QUALIFICATIONS
A. Formwork Designer: Formwork, false work, and shoring design shall be created by an
engineer licensed in the state of the Project.
1.06 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit product data for form ties, spreaders, chamfer strips, and bond breakers.
Provide samples of form ties.
B. Submit product data and certification for form release agents for formed concrete
surfaces and stamped concrete surfaces.
C. Submit statement of qualification for formwork designer.
D. Submit manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation in accordance with

Section 014333, Manufacturers Field Services.
E. Product Manufacturers letter for all materials which may come in contact with potable
water (submerged or periodically wetted) which certifies that the material holds a
current national Sanitation Foundation Standard 61 certification. The manufacturers
letter shall include a copy of the NSF 61 certification letter.
A. Design of Formwork:
1. The Contractor shall assume responsibility for the design, engineering and
construction of formwork. Forms shall be designed to produce concrete members
identical in shape, lines, and dimensions to members shown in the Contract
Documents.
2. When high range water reducer (superplasticizer) is used in concrete mix or when
self-consolidated concrete is specified, forms shall be designed for full hydrostatic
pressure per ACI 347.
3. The formwork shall be designed for the loads and lateral pressures in accordance
with ACI 347 and ACI 318/318R.
4. Construction and contraction joints, openings, offsets, keyways, recesses,

moldings, chamfers, blocking, screeds, bulkheads, waterstops, anchorages,
inserts, and other features shall be provided.
5. Formwork shall be designed to be readily removable without impact, shock, or

damage to green concrete surfaces and adjacent materials.
6. Joints shall be made in the forms watertight.
Concrete Formwork
7. The maximum panel deflection shall be 1/360 of the span between structural
members.
B. Unless otherwise specified herein, formwork shall be constructed so that the concrete
surfaces will conform to the tolerance limits as given in ACI 117.
C. Materials, fabrications and workmanship found defective shall be promptly removed

and replaced and new acceptable work shall be provided in accordance with Contract
requirements at no additional cost to the Owner.
1.08 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Materials shall be delivered to the Project site in an undamaged condition and at such
intervals as will avoid delay in the work.
B. Material shall be stored and protected in a clean, properly drained location. Material
shall be kept off the ground under a weather-tight covering permitting good air
circulation. Formwork materials shall be stored on dry wood sleepers, pallets,
platforms or other appropriate supports which have slope for positive drainage.
Materials shall be protected from distortion, excessive stresses, corrosion and other
damage. Materials shall not be stored on the structure in a manner that might cause
distortion or damage to the supporting structure.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

certification.

provided under part 2 materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 LUMBER
A. Lumber used in form construction shall be Douglas fir, No. 2 grade, S4S, Standard
Grading and Dressing Rules No. 16, West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau; or
Southern Yellow Pine, No. 2, S4S, Standard Grade Rules Southern Pine Inspection
Bureau. Boards shall be 6 inches or more in width.
2.03 PLYWOOD
A. Only grade-marked plywood conforming to APA shall be provided.
B. Plywood used in form construction shall be Grade B-B, Class 1 plyform, mill-oiled, and
sanded on both sides in conformance with U.S. Product Standard PS 1 Structural
Plywood.
Concrete Formwork
C. Thickness shall be sized to maintain alignment and surface smoothness, but not less
than 5/8 inch thick.
2.04 STEEL FORMS
A. Commercial grade sheets not less than 16 gage shall be provided.
B. Stock material that is free from warps, bends, kinks, cracks, and rust or other matter that
could stain the concrete shall be provided.
2.05 FORM MATERIAL LOCATIONS
A. Wall Forms and Underside of Slabs and Beams:
1. Materials: Plywood, hard plastic finished plywood, overlaid waterproof

particleboard, or steel in new and undamaged condition, of sufficient strength
and surface smoothness to produce specified finish.
B. Column Forms:
1. Fabricated steel or fiber reinforced plastic with bolted together sections.
C. All Other Forms: Materials as specified for wall forms.
2.06 FORM TIES
A. Material: Steel.
B. Locate form ties on exposed surfaces in a uniform pattern. Place form ties so they
remain embedded in the concrete except for a removable portion at each end. Form ties
shall have conical or spherical type inserts with a maximum diameter of 1 inch.
Construct form ties so that no metal is within 1-1/2 inch of the concrete surface when
the forms, inserts, and tie ends are removed. Do not use wire ties. Ties shall withstand
all pressures and maintain forms within acceptable deflection limits.
C. Flat bar ties for panel forms (not permitted for hydraulic structures) shall have plastic or
rubber inserts having a minimum depth of 1-1/2 inch and sufficient dimensions to
permit patching of the tie hole.
D. Tapered form ties shall be tapered through-bolts or through-bolts that utilize a

removable tapered sleeve.
E. Wire ties are not permitted.
F. Water Stop for Ties: For water-holding structures, basements, pipe galleries, and
accessible spaces below finish grade, provide waterstop for ties that meet the following
requirements.
Concrete Formwork
1. Type:
a. Integral steel water stop 0.103 inch thick and 0.625 inch in diameter tightly
and continuously welded to tie.
b. Neoprene water stop 3/16-inch thick and 15/16 inch diameter whose center
hole is one-half diameter of tie, or molded plastic water stop of comparable
size.
2. Orient water stop perpendicular to tie and symmetrical about center of tie.
3. Design ties to prevent rotation or disturbance of center portion of tie during

removal of ends and to prevent water leaking along tie.
G. Elastic Vinyl Plug:
1. Design and size of plug shall allow insertion with tool to enable plug to elongate
and return to original length and diameter upon removal forming watertight seal.
2. Manufacturer:
a. Dayton Superior, Miamisburg, OH; A58 Sure Plug.
H. Or acceptable equivalent product. Mechanical EPDM Rubber Plug:
1. Mechanical plug for taper tie.
2. Manufacturers:
a. Greenstreak Group Inc.
b. Or acceptable equivalent product.
3. Friction fit plugs will not be allowed.
2.07 BOND BREAKER
A. Bond breaker shall be a V.O.C.-compliant, nonstaining type that will provide a positive
bond prevention.
B. Manufacturers:
1. Edoco Burke; Clean Lift 90 W.B.
2. Nox-Crete, Inc.; Silcoseal 97EC.
Concrete Formwork
2.08 FORM CAULKING
A. Form caulking shall be a one-component, gun-grade silicone sealant that is capable of

producing flush, watertight and non-absorbent surfaces and joints. Sealant shall be
compatible with the type of forming material and concrete ingredients used.
B. Products:
1. Series 1200 Construction Caulking; GE Silicones, Waterford, NY.
2. Dow Corning 999-A; Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI.
2.09 CHAMFER STRIPS
A. Provide chamfer strips, of the size required to form the chamfered edge detail(s) shown
in the Drawings. Chamfer strips shall be milled from clear, straight-grain pine, surfaced
each side, or having extruded vinyl type with or without nailing flange unless otherwise
shown in the Contract Documents.
2.10 INSERTS
A. Provide galvanized cast steel or galvanized welded steel inserts, complete with anchors
to concrete and fittings such as bolts, wedges and straps.
2.11 FORM RELEASE AGENT
A. Form release agent will not bond with, stain, or adversely affect concrete surfaces and
will not impair subsequent treatments of concrete surfaces when applied to forms.
Form release agent will be a ready-to-use, water-based material, formulated to reduce or
eliminate surface imperfections and containing no mineral oil or organic solvents.
Form release agent will be environmentally safe, meeting local, state, and federal
regulations and can be used in potable water facilities. Form release agent will be
V.O.C. compliant, leave concrete with a coatable surface, and will be nontoxic after
30 days.
1. BASF, Shakopee, MN; MBT, Rheofinish 211.
2. Cresset Chemical Company, Weston, OH; Crete-Lease 20-VOC.
3. Unitex Chemicals, Greensboro, NC; Farm Fresh.
4. Symons Corporation, Des Plaines, IL; Magic Kote.
Concrete Formwork
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 FORM TOLERANCES
A. Comply with the requirements of ACI 117 for tolerances for formed surfaces except as
specified in Table 031000-1.
Table 031000-1
Vertical alignment (plumbness) 1/4 inch in any 10 feet and 1 inch
maximum for entire length
Variation in the lines and surfaces of 1/4 inch in any 10 feet and 1 inch
foundation mats, base slabs and walls maximum for entire length
Variation from the level or from the 1/4 inch in any 10 feet
grades indicated on the drawings
Variation in the sizes and locations of Minus 1/4 inch
sleeves, floor openings, and wall openings Plus 1/2 inch
Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of Minus 1/4 inch.
columns and beams and in the thickness Plus 1/2 inch.
of slabs and walls
Offset between adjacent panels of 1/2 inch (ACI 117 Class C finish)
formwork facing material
Offset between adjacent panels of 1/8 inch (ACI 117 Class A finish)
formwork facing material for exposed
surfaces where appearance is of
importance
B. Tolerances are not cumulative.
C. Where equipment is to be installed, comply with manufacturer's tolerances if more

restrictive than above.
D. Failure of the forms to produce the specified concrete surface and surface tolerance
shall be grounds for rejection of the concrete work. Rejected work shall be repaired or
replaced at no additional cost to the Owner.
3.02 PREPARATION
A. Clean form surfaces to be in contact with concrete or foreign material prior to

installation. Tape, gasket, plug, and/or caulk joints, gaps, and apertures in forms so that
the joint will remain watertight and withstand placing pressures without bulging
outward or creating surface irregularities.
B. Coat form surfaces in contact with concrete with a form release agent prior to form
installation.
C. Keep form coatings off steel reinforcement, items to be embedded, and previously
placed concrete.
Concrete Formwork
D. Steel Forms: Apply form release agent to steel forms as soon as they are cleaned to
prevent discoloration of concrete from rust.
3.03 ERECTION AND INSTALLATION
A. Forms shall be constructed in accordance with ACI 347 to required dimensions, plumb,
straight and mortar tight, and all joints and seams shall be made mortar-tight. Forms
shall be substantial, properly braced, and tied together to maintain position and shape
and to resist all pressures to which they may be subject. Unless otherwise indicated in
the Contract Documents, formwork shall be constructed so that the concrete surfaces
will conform to the tolerance limits in ACI 117 and herein specified.
B. Provide means for holding adjacent edges and ends of form panels tight and in accurate
alignment to prevent the formation of ridges, fins, offsets, or similar surface defects in
the finished concrete. Forms shall be tight and shall prevent the loss of mortar and fines
during placing and vibration of concrete.
C. Wall forms exceeding 18 feet in height shall include 24 inch square inspection ports,
spaced at 8 foot centers horizontally and vertically.
D. The first horizontal row of inspection ports provided in walls forms shall be placed at
the bottom of the wall.
E. Provide exterior corners in concrete members with chamfers as specified.
F. Provide means for removing forms without injury to the surface of finished concrete.
G. Do not embed any form-tying device or part thereof other than metal in the concrete.
H. Locate large end of taper tie on the "wet" side of the wall.
I. Use only form or form-tying methods that do not cause spalling of the concrete upon
form stripping or tie removal.
J. Form surfaces of concrete members except where placement of the concrete against the
ground is shown in the Drawings. The dimensions of concrete members shown in the
Drawings apply to formed surfaces, except where otherwise indicated. Placement of
concrete against the ground shall be limited to slab or mat foundations on grade and
footings.
K. Openings shall be of sufficient size to permit final alignment of pipes or other items
without deflection or offsets of any kind. Where called for allow space for packing
where items pass through the wall to ensure water tightness. Provide openings with
continuous keyways and water stops. Provide a slight flare to facilitate grouting and the
escape of entrained air during grouting. Provide formed openings with additional
reinforcement as shown in the typical structural details. Reinforcing shall be at least 2
inches clear from the opening surfaces and encased items.
Concrete Formwork
L. Pipes and Wall Spools Cast in Concrete:
1. Install wall spools, wall flanges, and wall anchors before placing concrete. Do not
weld, tie, or otherwise connect the wall spools or anchors to the reinforcing steel.
2. Support pipe and fabricated fittings to be encased in concrete on concrete piers or

pedestals. Carry concrete supports to firm foundations so that no settlement will
occur during construction.
3. Pipes or spools located below operating water level shall have waterstop ring
collars/seep rings and shall be cast in place, as indicated in the Drawings. Pipes
fitted with thrust rings/seep rings shall be cast in place.
M. Set embedded plates, anchor bolts and other embedded items accurately before placing
concrete and hold securely in position until the concrete is placed and set. Check
special castings, channels, or other metal parts that are to be embedded in the concrete
prior to and again after placing concrete. Check nailing blocks, plugs, and strips
necessary for the attachment of trim, finish, and similar work prior to placing concrete.
3.04 PROTECTION
A. During installation, the forms shall not be used as a storage platform nor as a working
platform until the forms have been permanently fastened in position.
3.05 REMOVAL OF FORMS
A. Forms shall be removed in accordance with Section 033900, Concrete Curing and
Protection and ACI 347, whichever is more restrictive, without damage to concrete and
in a manner that ensures complete safety to the structure.
B. Forms, form ties, and bracing shall not be removed without specific permission of the
Contractor's Registered Professional Engineer.
C. Remove forms in accordance with ACI 347 and the following:
1. Nonsupporting forms (edges of slabs on grade, construction joints, walls without

backfill, columns, and similar parts of Work) may be removed after cumulatively
curing at not less than 50 degrees F for 24 hours from time of concrete placement
if:
a. Concrete is sufficiently hard so as not to sustain damage by form removal

operations.
b. Curing and protection operations are maintained.
2. Elevated Structural Slab or Beam forms may be removed if:
a. In accordance with ACI 318/318R, Chapter 6, and concrete has reached

compressive strength equal to 90 percent of specified 28-day compressive
strength as determined by test cylinders.
Concrete Formwork
b. Curing and protection activities have been completed.
3. Walls with backfill forms may be removed as specified in Section 033900,

Concrete Curing and Protection.
D. Removal times will be increased if the concrete temperature following placement is

permitted to drop below 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
E. Do not remove supports and reshore.
3.06 PATCHING OF TIE HOLES
A. Patching of tie holes shall be as required in the Drawings.
A. The Engineer will be performing Special Inspection of the Work associated with this
Section. Refer to Section 014533, Structural Tests and Inspections for a description of
the general responsibilities and items to be inspected prior to incorporation into the
Work.
B. Contractor shall notify the Engineer of readiness for items under this Section to be
inspected a minimum of 48 hours prior to the items being covered by further work.
Failure to provide this notification will be cause for delay in placing until observations
can be completed.
END OF SECTION
Concrete Formwork
SECTION 031500 CONCRETE JOINTS AND ACCESSORIES
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. This Section describes materials, testing, and installation of concrete joints and
accessories as specified and as shown in the Drawings.
1.02 REFERENCES
A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
1. C920: Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants.
2. C1193: Guide for Use of Joint Sealants.
3. D412: Standard Test Methods or Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic

Elastomers Tension.
4. D570: Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics.
5. D624: Standard Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized

Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers.
6. D638: Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
7. D746: Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and

Elastomers by Impact.
8. D747: Standard Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by

Means of a Cantilever Beam.
9. D792: Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity of Plastics by
Displacement.
10. D994: Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete
(Bituminous Type).
11. D1171: Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Surface Ozone
Cracking Outdoors or Chamber (Triangular Specimens).
12. D2240: Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Durometer Hardness.
B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
1. 40 CFR 59: National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for

Consumer and Commercial Products.
C. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers:
1. CRD-C 572: Specifications for Polyvinylchloride Waterstop.
Concrete Joints and Accessories

D. Federal Specifications:
1. TT-S-00230C: Sealing Compound: Elastomeric Type, Single Component.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit the following shop drawings in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals:
1. Manufacturer's printed data and application instructions for specified materials

and locations where materials are to be used.
2. Samples of PVC waterstop splice, joint, and fabricated cross of each size, shape,
and fitting of waterstop.
3. Construction and control joints: layouts and location for each.
4. Waterstop: Details of splices, method of securing and supporting waterstop in

forms to maintain proper orientation and location during concrete placement.
5. Certification that materials used within the joint system are compatible with each
other.
6. Product Manufacturers certification letter for all materials which may come in
contact with potable water (submerged or periodically wetted) which certifies that
the material holds a current National Sanitation Foundation Standard 61
certification. The manufacturers letter shall include a copy of the NSF 61
certification letter.
A. Special inspection is required for Work associated with this Section. Refer to
Section 014533, Structural Tests and Inspections, for additional requirements.
B. Do not add, relocate, or omit joints without written permission from the Engineer.
C. Reject material exceeding expiration date for use.
D. Clean concrete surfaces to receive expansion joint compound in accordance with the
printed instructions of the joint compound manufacturer.
A. Transport, handle, and deliver materials to the Project site in the manufacturer's sealed
bags, unopened containers, or banded pallets.
B. Store materials off the ground on a platform or skids and protect with covers from
snow, rain, and ground splatter.
C. Store expansion joint compounds in a dry location where they cannot freeze.
D. Store plastic products under cover in a dry location, out of direct sunlight.

1.06 MANUFACTURER'S SERVICES
A. Prior to joint preparation for joints receiving sealant materials, require joint
manufacturer's technical representative to demonstrate on-site: joint preparation,
priming, and sealant materials application for the Contractor's personnel performing
joint work.
1.07 WARRANTY
A. Warrant the work against defects for 1 year from the date of substantial completion. All
joint sealant materials supplied and installed at the water storage reservoir, shall be
warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of 5 years.
B. The warranty period shall commence on the date of final acceptance by the Owner.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
A. In accordance with the State of Oregons, Oregon Health Authority, Department of

water shall have a current national Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 61
certification.

provided under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 PVC WATERSTOP
A. Waterstops shall be extruded from a PVC compound and shall be flat ribbed or ribbed
with center-bulb. Water stop shall comply with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Specification CRD-C-572.
B. PVC waterstops for construction joints:
1. PVC waterstops shall be provided with factor installed brass grommets along each
edge, spaced at a maximum of 12-inches on center.
2. Flat ribbed type, with geometry as shown in the Drawings. Products:
a. Greenstreak; Model 679.
b. BoMetals, Inc.; Model FR-638.
c. Vinylex; Model R638.
d. Or accepted equivalent product.
3. Ribbed with a center bulb, 6 inches wide with a minimum thickness of 3/8 inch.
The center bulb shall have an O.D. not less than 7/8 inch. Products:
a. Greenstreak; Model 732.

b. BoMetals, Inc.; Model RCB-638LB.
c. Vinylex; Model RB638H.
d. Or accepted equivalent product.
C. Provide waterstops resistant to chemical action with portland cement, alkalis, acids that
are not affected by mildew or fungi. They shall show no effect when immersed for
10 days in a 10 percent solution of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, saturated lime solution
or salt water. Water stops shall be such that any cross section will be dense,
homogeneous, and free from porosity and other imperfections. They shall be
symmetrical in shape. When tested in accordance with Federal Standard No. 601, the
material shall meet the requirements shown in Table 031500-1.
TABLE 031500-1
Requirements ASTM Spec.
Tensile strength, 2,000 psi D638
Hardness, Shore durometer, 60-70 D2240
Elongation, ultimate, 280 D638
Water absorption, dry weight, maximum (48 hours)
0.32 percent D570
Specific gravity, 1.3 D792
Stiffness in flexure, 920 psi D747
Cold brittleness, -35 degrees F D746
Tear resistance, 290 lbs/inch D624
2.03 HYDROPHILIC RUBBER WATERSTOP
A. Provide a bentonite free rubber waterstop. Waterstop shall expand by a minimum of

80 percent of dry volume in the presence of water to form a watertight joint seal without
damaging the concrete in which it is cast. Provide minimum concrete cover as
recommended by the waterstop manufacturer.
1. Products:
a. Adeka; Ultraseal MC-2010MN.
b. Greenstreak; Hydrotite.
c. Or accepted equivalent product.
2.04 INJECTION TUBE WATERSTOPS
A. Permeable grout tubes, herein referred to as injection tubes, shall be composed of a

tube reinforced to maintain its circular shape and covered with inner and outer
protective membranes. The tube shall be permeable for the resin injected material and
impermeable to cement particles.
B. Resin material shall be a polyurethane grout with accelerator system. The accelerator
shall be capable of controlling the reaction time up to 1 hour. After reaction, the

polyurethane grout shall form a flexible closed cell polyurethane foam with the
following properties:
1. Tensile strength: 30 psi minimum, as per ASTM D 3574.
2. Elongation: 200 percent minimum, as per ASTM D 3574.
3. Non-toxic, approved for potable water use.
C. Products:
1. Tubes shall be INJECTO as distributed by DeNeef Chemicals Inc., or acceptable

equivalent product.
2. Resin material shall be Flex LV as supplied by DeNeef Chemicals Inc., or

acceptable equivalent product. Resin shall be mixed and handled in accordance
with manufacturers recommendations.
2.05 ELASTOMERIC JOINT SEALANT
A. Federal Specification TT-S-00230C Type 1, Class A, single component, cold applied,

pourable, polyurethane.
1. Products:
a. Euclid Chemical Corp; Eucolastic 1.
b. Mameco ; Vulkem 45.
2.06 JOINT SEALANT FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES
A. Joint sealant shall be a multipart, gray, nonstaining, nonsagging, gun grade

polyurethane sealant, which cures at ambient temperature to a firm, flexible, resilient,
tear-resistant rubber. Sealant shall comply with ASTM C920, Type M, Grade P, Class
25 for horizontal joints and Grade NS, Class 25 for vertical joints and be recommended
by the manufacturer for continuous immersion in water. Troweling of sealants into
joints will not be permitted. Sealant shall meet requirements shown in Table 031500-2.
TABLE 031500-2
Characteristic or Parameter Technical Requirements
Pot life 1 to 3 hours
Hardness 35 Shore A, +/- 5
Elongation 650 percent, ASTM D412
Tensile strength 200 psi, ASTM D412
Peel strength on concrete No adhesion loss at 25 pounds
Temperature service range 40 to 167 degrees Fahrenheit
Immersion in water Continuous

B. Products:
1. Tremco; Vulkem 227 or Vulkem 245 (for Type M, Grade P, Class 25).
2. Sika Corporation; Sikaflex-2CNS (for Grade NS, Class 25), Sikaflex-2CSL.
3. Or accepted equivalent product.
2.07 EPOXY JOINT SEALANT
A. 100 percent solids per ASTM D1259, two-part epoxy with an instantaneous Shore D
hardness of 50 to 65 per ASTM D2240.
B. Products:
1. Metzger-McGuire Co.; MM80 or Edge Pro50.
2. Euclid Chemical Corp. ; Euco700.
2.08 BOND BREAKER TAPE
A. Provide an adhesive-backed glazed butyl or polyethylene tape that will adhere to the
premolded joint material or concrete surface. The tape shall be the same width as the
joint. The tape shall be compatible with the sealant.
2.09 PREFORMED CONTROL JOINT
A. One-piece, flexible, PVC joint former:
1. Vinylex Corp.; Kold-Seal Zip-Per Strip KSF-150-50-50.
B. One-piece steel strip with preformed groove:
1. Burke Concrete Accessories, Inc.; Keyed Kold Retained Kap.
C. Provide the preformed control joint material in full length, unspliced pieces.
2.10 PREMOLDED JOINT FILLER FOR PAVEMENTS AND SLABS
A. Joint filler shall be preformed, nonextruded type constructed of closed-cell neoprene

conforming to ASTM D1752, Type I.
B. Bituminous-type preformed expansion joint filler conforming to ASTM D994.

2.11 VOC LIMITS FOR SEALANTS, AND SEALANT PRIMERS
A. VOC limits for sealants, and sealant primers to comply with content limits when
calculated according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24), or applicable state and
local codes containing more stringent requirements.
2.12 BOND BREAKER FOR JOINT COMPOUNDS
A. Provide polyethylene tape.
2.13 FORM LINER FOR CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
A. Form liner shall have a 3/8 inch profile and a pattern that resembles rounded stones or
crushed aggregate. Form liners with patterns which utilize parallel lines of relief shall
not be used, unless approved in writing by the Engineer.
1. Greenstreak, Riverbed Aggregate Number 360.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 PVC WATERSTOPS
A. Install waterstops so that they provide a continuous, uninterrupted watertight diaphragm

throughout the entire joint system below the high water level and below grade, unless
noted otherwise in the Drawings.
B. Construct forms for construction joints to prevent injury to water stops. Hold water
stops securely in position in the construction joints by tying each side of the waterstop
off to main wall or slab reinforcing bars with rebar tie wire looped through factory
installed grommets or prepunched holes and rings. Refer to the Drawings for additional
requirements.
C. Each edge of PVC waterstops shall be tied off at a maximum of 12-inches on center.
D. Use only factory fabricated crosses, tees and ells.
E. Only butt welds are permitted to be performed in the field and shall use a
thermostatically controlled heating iron in conformance with the manufacturer's current
recommendations. Allow at least 10 minutes before pulling or straining the new splice
in any way. The finished splices shall provide a cross section that is dense and free of
porosity with tensile strength of not less than 80 percent of the unspliced materials.
F. Provide waterstops with an integral fastening system consisting of grommets or pre-

punched holes.
3.02 JOINTS
A. Make joints only at locations shown in the Drawings or as permitted by the Engineer.
Any addition or relocation of construction joints that is proposed by the Contractor must

be submitted to the Engineer for written approval prior to the addition or relocation
being made.
B. Cast slabs and beams monolithically without horizontal joints unless specifically
indicated on the drawings.
C. Do not use horizontal joints within foundation mats, base slabs, footings, pile caps,
slabs on grade, or elevated beams and slabs.
D. Provide joints in concrete fills and toppings at the same location as the joints in the
supporting concrete.
E. Provide continuous waterstops in all wall and slab joints in hydraulic structures and at
locations shown in the Drawings.
F. Metal waterstops are not permitted, except where explicitly called for on the drawings,
or where permitted by Engineer.
G. Construction Joints:
1. Hardened concrete surfaces to have fresh concrete placed against them shall be
prepared as specified below and approved by the Engineer, prior to placement of
fresh concrete.
a. Roughen the hardened concrete surface by one of the four Methods listed
below, unless noted otherwise in these documents, or required by the
Engineer. The minimum surface profile shall be measured after the entire
joint surface has been cleaned.
1) Method 1: Mechanical roughening, 1/4 inch minimum surface profile.

Cement paste layer shall be removed to expose the clean surface of
course aggregate.
2) Method 2: Form liner, 3/8 inch minimum surface profile.
3) Method 3: High pressure water blasting (10,000 psi minimum), 1/4

inch minimum surface profile. Cement paste layer shall be removed to
expose the clean surface of course aggregate. Extreme care shall be
taken and protection installed to protect any exposed joint material,
such as PVC waterstops. The protection shall be installed prior to high
pressure water blasting operations and approved by the Engineer.
4) Method 4: Abrasive sand blasting, 1/4 inch minimum surface profile.

Cement paste layer shall be removed to expose the clean surface of
course aggregate. Extreme care shall be taken and protection installed
to protect any exposed joint material, such as PVC waterstops. The
protection shall be installed prior to abrasive blasting operations and
approved by the Engineer.
2. Thoroughly clean the entire surface of the joint of surface laitance, loose concrete
and foreign material.

3. For a period of 24 hours prior to placing fresh concrete, the hardened concrete
surfaces to have new concrete placed against them shall be saturated by
sprinklers, soaker hoses or other means approved by the Engineer.
4. Immediately prior to placing fresh concrete the hardened concrete surface to have
new concrete placed against it shall be saturated with standing water removed.
5. Refer to the Drawings for additional construction joint requirements.
6. In case of emergency, place additional construction joints. An interval of

45 minutes between two consecutive batches of concrete shall constitute cause for
an emergency construction joint.
H. Control Joints:
1. Do not use control joints in hydraulic structures.
2. Locate control joints as shown in the Drawings.
3. Form control joints with control joint inserts or sawcuts.
4. For sawcutting:
a. Using early entry saws, saw joints in slabs before the formation of
uncontrolled cracking (i.e., cracking that occurs at locations other than
construction, control, or contraction joints) and as soon as the concrete has
hardened sufficiently to permit cutting without chipping, spalling, or
tearing.
b. Fill saw cut to full depth with elastomeric joint sealant for joints not
exposed to vehicular traffic. Fill joints to full depth with epoxy joint sealant
for joints exposed to vehicular traffic.
5. Unless noted otherwise in the Drawings, the saw cut depth shall extend between
(0.25*member thickness) and (0.375*member thickness).
3.03 INSTALLATION OF JOINT SEALANTS
A. Immediately before installing the joint sealant, clean the joint cavity by sandblasting or
power wire brushing. Install bond breaker tape per manufacturer's instructions.
B. Apply masking tape along the edges of the exposed surface of the exposed joints.
C. Application criteria for the sealant materials, such as temperature and moisture
requirements and primer cure time, shall be in accordance with the recommendations of
the sealant manufacturer.
D. After the joints have been prepared as described above, apply the joint sealant. Apply
the primer, if required, and joint sealant only with the equipment and methods
recommended by the joint sealant manufacturer.

E. Trowel the joints smooth with a tuck pointing tool wiped with a solvent recommended
by the sealant manufacturer.
F. After the sealant has been applied, remove the masking tape and any sealant spillage.
G. Sealants used in water retaining structures shall be allowed to cure at the temperature
and under the conditions required by the manufacturer for a minimum of 7 days before
the structure is filled with water.
A. The Engineer will perform special inspection of the Work associated with this Section.
Refer to Section 014533, Structural Tests and Inspections, for a description of the
general responsibilities and items to be inspected prior to incorporation into the Work.
B. Contractor shall notify the Engineer of readiness for items under this Section to be
inspected a minimum of 5 working days prior to the items being covered by further
work. Failure to provide this notification will be cause for delay in placing until
observations can be completed.
END OF SECTION

SECTION 032100 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE OF WORK
A. Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals required and install all concrete
reinforcement complete as shown in the Drawings and as specified herein.
1. Reinforcement bars.
2. Reinforcement accessories.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Structural Tests and Inspections: 014533.
B. Concrete Repair: 030130.
C. Concrete Formwork: 031000.
D. Cast-In-Place Concrete: 033000.
E. Miscellaneous Metals: 055000.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit to the Engineer, in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals, shop drawings
prepared in accordance with CRSI Manual of Standard Practice and ACI SP-99
Detailing Manual, and product data showing materials of construction and details of
installation for:
1. Reinforcing steel: Placement drawings shall conform to the recommendations of

ACI 315. All reinforcement in a concrete placement shall be included on a single
placement drawing or cross-referenced to the pertinent main placement drawing.
The main drawing shall clearly show the placement of all required additional
reinforcement (e.g., around openings, at corners) as shown on the standard detail
sheets. All splice locations and lap lengths shall be shown. Show slab
reinforcement in plan view.
2. Bar bending details: The bars shall be referenced to the same identification marks
shown on the placement drawings.
3. Clearly identify the portion of the structure covered by each submittal. Clearly
show the placement of each bar listed in the bill of materials. Drawings, that in
the opinion of the Engineer are not sufficiently clear, will be rejected and a
resubmittal will be required.
4. Mechanical threaded connection.
5. Use of Shop Drawings using copies of the Contract Drawing is not permitted.
Concrete Reinforcement
B. Submit test reports, in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals, of each of the
following items:
1. Certified copy of mill test on each steel proposed for use showing the physical
properties of the steel and the chemical analysis.
2. Mechanical Threaded Connections:
a. Current ICC Evaluation Services Report or equivalent code agency report

listing findings to include acceptance, special inspection requirements, and
restrictions.
b. Verification device threads have been tested and meet requirements for
thread quality, in accordance with manufacturers published methods.
c. Manufacturers instructions.
C. Certifications
1. Product manufacturers letter for all materials which may come in contact with
potable water (submerged or periodically wetted) which certifies that the material
holds a current National Sanitation Foundation Standard 61 certification. The
manufacturers letter shall include a copy of the NSF 61 certification letter.
1.04 REFERENCE STANDARDS
A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
1. ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for
Concrete Reinforcement.
2. ASTM A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars
for Concrete Reinforcement.
B. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
1. ACI 301 Standard Specification for Structural Concrete.
2. ACI 315 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement.
3. ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
4. ACI SP-66 ACI Detailing Manual.
C. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI):
1. Manual of Standard Practice.
2. Placing Reinforcing Bars.
D. American Welding Society (AWS):
1. AWS D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel.
E. Where reference is made to one of the above standards, the revision in effect at the time
of bid opening shall apply, unless otherwise noted.
A. Do not fabricate reinforcement until shop and placement drawings have been reviewed
and accepted by the Engineer.
B. Perform concrete reinforcement work in accordance with the CRSI Manual of Standard
Practice.
C. In no case shall any reinforcement steel be covered with concrete until the installation
of the reinforcement has been observed by the Engineer and the Engineers
authorization to proceed with the concreting has been obtained. The Engineer shall be
given 5 working days minimum prior notice of the readiness of placed reinforcement
for observation. The forms shall be kept open until the Engineer has finished
observations of the reinforcement steel.
1.06 DELIVERY, HANDLING, AND STORAGE
A. Reinforcing steel shall be substantially free from mill scale, rust, dirt, grease, or other
foreign matter.
B. Reinforcing steel shall be shipped and stored with bars of the same size and shape
fastened in bundles with durable tags, marked in a legible manner with waterproof
markings showing the same mark designations as those shown on the submitted
placing drawings.
C. Reinforcing steel shall be stored off the ground, protected from moisture, and kept free
from dirt, oil, and other injurious contaminants.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

certification.

provided under part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. Materials shall be new and shall comply with the following material specifications.
B. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A615/A615M, 60 ksi yield grade; deformed billet steel bars,
unfinished.
C. Mechanical Splices and Connections:
1. Mechanical Threaded Connections: Furnish metal coupling sleeve with internal

threads engaging threaded ends of bars developing in tension or compression
125 percent of yield strength of bar. Products:
a. Erico Products, Inc., Lenton Reinforcing Steel Couplers.
b. Richmond Screw Anchor Co., Inc., Richmond DB-SAE Dowel Bar

Splicers.
D. Rebar Adhesive Anchor:
1. Adhesive anchored reinforcing bars shall consist of the following two

components; reinforcing bars in accordance with this Section and epoxy adhesive
in accordance with Section 055000, Miscellaneous Metals.
E. Reinforcing Steel Accessories:
1. Plastic Protected Bar Supports: CRSI Bar Support Specifications, Class 1 -

Maximum Protection.
2. Precast Concrete Block Bar Supports: CRSI Bar Support Specifications, Precast
Blocks.
a. Bar supports shall have sufficient strength and stiffness to carry loads
without failure, displacement, or significant deformation. Space bar
supports so minimum concrete cover is maintained for reinforcing between
supports.
F. Tie Wire:
1. Tie wires for reinforcement shall be 16-gauge or heavier, black, soft-annealed

wire.
2.03 FABRICATION
A. Fabrication of reinforcement shall be in compliance with the CRSI Manual of Standard

Practice and ACI 315.
B. Bars shall be cold bent. Bars shall not be straightened or re-bent.
C. Bars shall be bent around a revolving collar having a diameter of not less than that
recommended by the ACI 318.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 INSTALLATION
A. Surface condition, bending, spacing, and tolerances of placement of reinforcement shall

comply with the CRSI Manual of Standard Practice. The Contractor shall be solely
responsible for providing an adequate number of bars and maintaining the spacing and
clearances shown in the Drawings.
B. Refer to the Drawings for concrete cover over reinforcement.
C. Reinforcement that will be exposed for a considerable length of time after being placed
shall be coated with a heavy coat of neat cement slurry.
D. No reinforcing steel bars shall be welded either during fabrication or erection unless
prior written approval has been obtained from the Engineer. All bars that have been
welded, including tack welds, without such approval shall be immediately removed
from the work. When welding of reinforcement is approved or called for, it shall
comply with AWS D1.4.
E. Reinforcing steel interfering with the location of other reinforcing steel, conduits, or
embedded items may be moved within the specified tolerances or one bar diameter,
whichever is greater. Greater displacement of bars to avoid interference shall only be
made with the approval of the Engineer. Do not cut reinforcement to install inserts,
conduits, mechanical openings, or other items without the prior approval of the
Engineer.
F. Securely support and tie reinforcing steel to prevent movement during concrete
placement. Secure dowels in place before placing concrete.
G. Reinforcing steel bars shall not be field bent except where shown in the Drawings or
specifically authorized in writing by the Engineer. If authorized, bars shall be cold-bent
around the standard diameter spool specified in the CRSI. Do not heat bars. Closely
inspect the reinforcing steel for breaks. If the reinforcing steel is damaged, replace,
Cadweld, or otherwise repair as directed by the Engineer.
3.02 REINFORCEMENT AROUND OPENINGS
A. Unless specific additional reinforcement around openings is shown in the Drawings.
3.03 SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT
A. Tension lap splices shall be provided at all laps in compliance with ACI 318. Class B
splices shall be used unless otherwise shown or noted.
B. Mechanical reinforcing steel splices shall be used only where approved by the Engineer
in writing. Splices in adjacent bars shall be offset by at least 30 bar diameters.
1. Install threaded rods as recommended by manufacturer with threads totally

engaged into coupling sleeve and in accordance with ICC Evaluation Services
Report or equivalent code agency report.
2. Maintain minimum edge distance and concrete cover.
3.04 ACCESSORIES
A. Determine, provide, and install accessories such as chairs, chair bars, and the like in
sufficient quantities and strength to adequately support the reinforcement and prevent
its displacement during the erection of the reinforcement and the placement of concrete.
B. Use precast concrete blocks where the reinforcing steel is to be supported over soil.
Precast blocks shall not be used against formwork at exposed surfaces.
C. Stainless steel bar supports or steel chairs with stainless steel tips shall be used where
the chairs are set on forms for a concrete surface that will be exposed to weather, high
humidity, or liquid (including bottom of slabs over liquid containing areas). Use of
galvanized or plastic tipped metal chairs is permissible in all other locations unless
otherwise noted in the Drawings or specified herein.
D. Alternate methods of supporting top steel in slabs, such as steel channels supported on
the bottom steel or vertical reinforcing steel fastened to the bottom and top mats, may
be used if approved by the Engineer.
A. In no case shall any reinforcing steel be covered with concrete until the installation of
the reinforcement, including the size, spacing, and position of the reinforcement has
been observed by the Engineer and the Engineer's release to proceed with the concreting
has been obtained. The Engineer shall be given ample prior notice of the readiness of
placed reinforcement for observation. The forms shall be kept open until the Engineer
has finished observations of the reinforcing steel.
B. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of readiness for items under this Section to be
inspected a minimum of 5 working days prior to the items being covered by further
work. Failure to provide this notification will be cause for delay in playing until
observations can be completed.
C. Protect reinforcement from rusting, deforming, bending, kinking, and other injury as
determined by the Engineer. Clean in-place reinforcement that has rusted, or been
splattered with concrete using sand or water blasting prior to incorporation into the
work.
A. Special inspection, testing and professional observation shall be provided by the Owner
3.07 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT
END OF SECTION
SECTION 033000 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE OF WORK
A. Provide labor, materials, equipment and incidentals necessary to furnish and install cast-
in-place concrete as specified and as shown on contract drawings.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Manufacturers Field Services: 014333
B. Concrete Repair: 030130
C. Concrete Formwork: 031000
D. Concrete Joints and Accessories: 031500
E. Concrete Reinforcement: 032100
F. Concrete Finishes: 033500
G. Concrete Curing and Protection: 033900
H. Concrete Doweling: 036300
I. Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting: 036423
J. Miscellaneous Metals: 055000
1.03 REFERENCES
1. 117: Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials.
2. 211.1: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and
Mass Concrete.
3. 214R: Recommended Practice for Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete.
4. 301: Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete.
5. 302.1R: Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.
6. 304R: Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing Concrete.
7. 304.2R: Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods.
8. 305.1: Standard Specification for Hot Weather Concreting.
Cast-In-Place Concrete
9. 306.1: Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concreting.
10. 308: Standard Practice for Curing Concrete.
11. 309R: Guide for Consolidation of Concrete.
12. 311.4R: Guide for Concrete Inspection.
13. 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
14. 350: Code Requirements For Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures.
B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
1. C31: Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
Field.
2. C33: Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
3. C39: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete

Specimens.
4. C40: Standard Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for
Concrete.
5. C42: Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed
Beams of Concrete.
6. C87: Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on
Strength of Mortar.
7. C88: Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate
or Magnesium Sulfate.
8. C94: Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
9. C109: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement

Mortars (Using 2-in or [50-mm] Cube Specimens).
10. C123: Standard Test Method for Lightweight Particles in Aggregate.
11. C136: Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.
12. C138: Standard Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content
(Gravimetric) of Concrete.
13. C143: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete.
14. C150: Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
15. C157: Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic Cement,
Mortar and Concrete.
16. C171: Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete.
17. C172: Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete.
18. C192: Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
Laboratory.
19. C227: Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate
Combinations (Mortar-Bar-Method).
20. C231: Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method.
21. C260: Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
22. C289: Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates
(Chemical Method).
23. C295: Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete.
24. C309: Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for

Curing Concrete.
25. C311: Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural
Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.
26. C330: Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete.
27. C452: Standard Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars
Exposed to Sulfate.
28. C494: Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
29. C595: Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements.
30. C618: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.
31. C881: Standard Test Method for Epoxy Resin Base Bonding Systems for Concrete.
32. C882: Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy Resin Systems Used with
Concrete by Slant Shear.
33. C1012: Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
Exposed to Sulfate Solution.
34. C1017: Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing
Flowing Concrete.
35. C1064: Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement
Concrete.
36. C1074: Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity
Method.
37. C1107: Standard Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout

(Nonshrink).
38. C1218: C1218/C1218M, Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in

Mortar and Concrete.
39. C1260: Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates
(Mortar-Bar_Method).
40. C1293: Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete
Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction.
41. C1567: Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica
Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated
Mortar-Bar Method).
42. D75: Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.
43. D4580: Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks
by Sounding.
44. E154: Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under
Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover.
45. E1155: Standard Test Method for Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor
Levelness Numbers.
46. E1745: Standard Specification for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with
Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs.
47. E329: Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or
Inspection of Materials used in Construction.
C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):
1. M182: Standard Specification for Burlap Cloth Made from Jute or Kenaf and
Cotton Mats.
1.04 DEFINITIONS
A. Defective Concrete Areas: Shall include but not be limited to the items listed below. Final
determination of Defective Concrete Areas shall be at the discretion of the Engineer.
1. Surface defects that include honeycomb, rock pockets, indentations and surface
voids greater than 3/16 inch deep, surface voids greater than or equal to 3/4 inch in
diameter, surface voids greater than or equal to 3/4 inch square, spalls, chips,
embedded debris, sand streaks, mortare leakage from form joints, fins, other
projections and form pop-outs.
2. Cracks in liquid containment structures and below grade habitable spaces that are
0.008 inch wide and larger and cracks in other structures that are 0.010 inch wide
and larger
3. At exposed concrete, defective areas also include texture irregularities, stains, and
other color variations that cannot be removed by cleaning.
B. Exposed Concrete: Concrete surfaces that can be seen inside or outside of structures
regardless whether concrete is above water, dry at all times, or can be seen when structure
is drained.
C. Hydraulic Structures: Liquid containment basins and below grade site cast and precast
concrete structures, unless noted otherwise by the Engineer.
D. New Concrete: Less than 60 days old.
E. Slurry Concrete: Mixture of sand, 3/8 inch minus aggregate, cement, and water for
hydraulic structure bottom of wall construction joints.
F. Contractors Licensed Design Engineer: An individual representing the Contractor who is

licensed to practice engineering as defined by the statutory requirements of the
professional licensing laws in the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be
constructed.
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. Section 013300, Submittals: Requirements for submittals.
B. Sampling, testing, verification and engineering required to support the approval of

Contractors submittals and resubmittals is the responsibility of the Contractor, and shall
be provided at no additional cost to the Owner.
C. If during the progress of the work the materials from the sources and manufacturers
originally approved by the Engineer for use in the Work change in characteristics or
manufacturer, the Contractor shall at their own expense have new acceptance tests
performed and resubmit the proposed changes to the Engineer for review. If the
proposed changes are approved by the Engineer, use of the previously approved materials
is not permitted.
D. If during the progress of the work the Engineer determines that the Contractor has not
reliably demonstrated the ability to provide concrete materials with the required
workability or strength, the Engineer may order changes in proportions, materials or both,
as may be necessary to secure the desired properties. All changes so ordered shall be
made at the Contractors expense.
E. Documentation Submittals:
1. Preinstallation Conference meeting minutes.
2. Manufacturers instructions for surface preparation and application of bonding

agent.
3. Certificates of Compliance:
a. NSF 61 Certification letters for individual concrete mix constituents or final

assembled hardened concrete mix.
b. Concrete Producer, Batch Plant.
c. Aggregate supplier.
d. Admixture manufacturer.
e. Concrete mix temperature limits.
f. Manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation in accordance with

4. Statement of Qualification:
a. Contractors resident superintendent for concrete installation.
b. Mix Designer.
c. Installer.
d. Concrete mix design Testing Agency.
F. Mix Designs:
1. Each concrete mix proposed for use shall be submitted to the Engineer for review.
The Contractor must receive written approval of each proposed mix, prior to
incorporation into the Work.
2. The Mix Design submittal items shall include all items required by the Engineer to
approve the proposed mix, and as a minimum, the items listed below.
a. Identification of concrete mix and proposed use.
b. Quantities per cubic yard, for each constituent of the proposed mix.
c. Manufacturer of cementitious products.
d. Cement type.
e. Water cementitious materials ratio.
f. Concrete slump.
g. Air content.
h. Water soluble chloride ion content of any individual components of the

proposed mix.
i. Sources of cement, pozzolan, and aggregates.
j. Test Reports, as noted below.
k. Product Data, as noted below.
l. Letter of Certification that Concrete Producer has verified compatibility of

constituent materials in design mix.
m. Additional items and materials used in the construction of potable water

storage reservoirs, which may come into contact with potable water once the
structure is placed into service.
1) Letter of Certification from the cast-in-place concrete redi-mix supplier

stating and documenting that the proposed concrete mix holds a current
National Sanitation Foundation Standard 61 Certification. The ready-
mix suppliers letter of certification shall include copies of the NSF 61
Certification letter(s) documenting that either each individual constituent
or the assembled (hardened) concrete holds the required certification.
The requirement for having a NSF 61 Certification applies to all
constituents of the proposed concrete mix which could come into contact
with potable water, as determined by the Engineer. This includes, but is
not limited to, items from this Section including: aggregates, cement,
supplemental cementitious materials (fly ash, slag cement), admixtures,
and water.
2) Adiabatic temperature rise of concrete during the first 24 hours after it is

batched.
3. Test Reports:
a. Material test results shall be 6 months or less in age.
b. 7-day and 28-day compression test results for each proposed mix. Include
date and standard deviation for sample mix test results on each 7-day or 28-
day group. Documentation of strength shall be in accordance with ACI 301,
and be signed by the Mix Designer.
c. Shrinkage Test:
1) The testing laboratory shall perform drying shrinkage tests for the trial
batches as specified herein.
2) Fabricate, cure, dry, and measure specimens in accordance with ASTM

C157 modified as follows:
a) Remove specimens from molds at an age of 23 hours +/- 1 hour

after trial batching, place immediately in water at 70 degrees F +/-
3 degrees F for at least 30 minutes, measure within 30 minutes
thereafter to determine original length, and then submerge in
saturated lime water at 73 degrees F +/- 3 degrees F.
b) At age seven days, make measurement to determine expansion,
expressed as a percentage of original length. This length at age
seven days shall be the base length for drying shrinkage
calculations (zero days drying age).
c) Then, store specimens immediately in a humidity-controlled room

maintained at 73 degrees F +/- 3 degrees F and 50 percent +/- 4
percent relative humidity for the remainder of the test.
d) Make and report measurements to determine shrinkage expressed

as percentage of base length separately for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days
of drying after 7 days of moist curing.
e) Compute the drying shrinkage deformation of each specimen as

the difference between the base length (at zero days drying age)
and the length after drying at each test age. Compute the average
drying shrinkage deformation of the specimens to the nearest
0.0001 inch at each test age. If the drying shrinkage of any
specimen departs from the average of that test age by more than
0.0004 inch, disregard the results obtained from that specimen.
Report results of the shrinkage test to the nearest 0.001 percent of
shrinkage.
f) Take compression test specimens in each case from the same

concrete used for preparing drying shrinkage specimens. These
tests shall be considered a part of the normal compression tests for
the project.
g) The maximum concrete shrinkage for specimens cast in the

laboratory from the trial batch, as measured at 21-day drying age
or at 28-day drying age, shall be 0.036 for a four inch prism, or
0.042 percent for a three inch prism.
h) If the trial batch specimens do not meet the shrinkage

requirements, revise the mix design and/or materials and retest.
d. Cement: Chemical analysis report.
e. Fine and coarse aggregate soundness in accordance with ASTM C33 and
ASTM C88 using sodium sulfate solution.
f. Alkali Aggregate Reactivity: Aggregate shall be classified as nonpotentially

reactive in accordance with Article Concrete Mix Design. Include
documentation of test results per applicable standards.
g. Aggregates:
1) Indicate gradation for coarse aggregates. List gradings and percent

passing through each sieve.
2) Indicate gradation for fine aggregates. List gradings and percent passing
through each sieve.
3) Indicate combined gradation for coarse and fine aggregates. List

gradings and percent passing through each sieve.
4) State amount of deleterious substances in fine aggregate per unit weight

or volume.
5) State amount of clays and friable per unit weight or volume.
6) State percent passing No. 200 sieve.
7) State percent of coal and lignite in fine aggregate.
8) State amount of deleterious substances in coarse aggregate for exposed

concrete, per unit weight or volume.
9) Provide a Manufacturers Letter of Certification for specified class

designation.
10) Provide certificates that aggregates contain less than 1 percent asbestos
by weight or volume.
h. Admixtures:
1) Provide Manufacturers catalog cut sheets and product data sheets for
each admixture used in proposed mix designs.
2) Provide Manufacturers Letter of Certification that the proposed

admixture meets the requirements of this Section.
3) Provide product data including application rate and color chart where
color pigments are required or proposed to be part of the concrete mix.
4. Product Data: For each ancillary material.
a. Provide Manufacturer's specifications and instructions including ASTM

Standards conformance and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for
admixtures and curing materials.
G. Placement Plan:
1. A detailed Placement Plan is required to be submitted for review and approval by

the Engineer. Refer to Part 1.06 for the minimum required details and information
to be provided as part of this Plan.
2. The required Placement Plan is permitted to be combined with the Concrete Curing
Plan, required by Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection.
H. Proposed Concrete Repair Locations and Techniques:
1. Refer to Section 030130, Concrete Repair, for requirements.
I. Epoxy Bonding Agent:
1. Provide epoxy bonding compound manufacturer's specific instructions for use.

Provide manufacturer's data sheets as to suitability of product to meet job
requirements with regard to surface preparation, pot life, set time, vertical or
horizontal application, and forming restrictions.
J. Field Test Reports:
1. Concrete delivery tickets for ready-mix concrete or weighmasters certificate per

ASTM C94, including weights of cement and each size aggregate, amount of water
added at the plant, and record of pours.
2. Record of drum revolution counter, type, brand, and test certification.
3. Record of water or any items added at the Project site to a trucks load of concrete.
4. Time at which each individual truck completes discharging delivered concrete.
A. Concrete construction shall conform to the requirements of ACI 117 and ACI 301, except
as modified herein.
B. Qualifications:
1. Mix Designer: Person responsible for developing concrete mixture proportions

certified as NRMCA Concrete Technologist Level 2 or DOT certified mix designer
in the jurisdiction of the Work. Requirement may be waived if individual is
Contractors Licensed Design Engineer.
2. Batch Plant: Currently certified by the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
(NRMCA) or approved equivalent program.
3. Installer: Unless otherwise permitted, at least one person on the finishing crew
must be certified as an ACI Flatwork Finisher or equivalent.
4. Contractors Material Testing Agency: Unless otherwise permitted, an independent

agency, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, qualified according to ASTM
C1077 and ASTM E329 for testing indicated, as documented according to ASTM
E548:
a. Personnel performing material submittal laboratory tests shall be ACI certified

Concrete Strength Testing Technician and Concrete Laboratory Testing
Technician Grade I.
b. Testing Agency laboratory supervisor shall be an ACI-certified Concrete
Laboratory Testing Technician Grade II
c. Personnel conducting Contractors material verification field tests shall be

qualified as ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician, Grade 1, according to
ACI CP-01 or an equivalent certification program.
C. Preinstallation Conference:
1. Minimum required meeting attendees:
a. Contractor, including pumping, placing and finishing, and curing

subcontractors.
b. Ready-mix producer.
c. Admixture representative. Owners Testing and sampling personnel.
d. Engineer.
e. Special Inspector.
2. Schedule and conduct prior to incorporation of respective products into Project.
3. Notify Engineer of location and time.
4. Agenda shall include, as a minimum:
a. Admixture types, dosage, performance, and redosing at the Project site.
b. Mix designs, test of mixes, and Submittals.
c. Placement methods, techniques, equipment, consolidation, and form

pressures.
d. Slump and placement time to maintain slump.
e. Finish, curing, and water retention.
f. Protection procedures for weather conditions.
g. Other specified requirements requiring coordination.
h. Placement Plan and Thermal Control Plan, required under Section 033900,
5. Conference minutes as specified in Part 1.05.
D. Placement Plan:
1. The submitted Placement Plan shall include details on, but is not limited to, the
following items:
a. Construction jointing and placement plan, with proposed plan dimensions of
each concrete placement.
b. Quality assurance and quality control procedures to be followed.
c. Procedures for protecting the subgrade from frost or freezing and the
accumulation of ice or snow on reinforcement and other metallic embeds or
forms prior to placement.
d. Methods for temperature protection during placement.
e. Use of strength accelerating admixtures.
f. Methods and procedures to be used for documentation that subgrade, adjacent

concrete surfaces and embeds are within the correct temperature limits prior to
placement of concrete.
g. Procedures for measuring and recording concrete temperatures.
h. Procedures for preventing drying during dry, windy conditions.
i. Details of the procedures to be used during hot weather placement conditions.

These procedures shall at a minimum address how concrete internal
temperatures, ambient air temperatures, low relative humidity and wind will
be addressed. Refer to Parts 2 and 3 for limitations.
j. Details of the procedures to be used during cold weather placement

conditions. These procedures shall at a minimum address how concrete
internal temperatures, ambient air temperatures wind will be addressed. Refer
to Parts 2 and 3 for required limitations.
k. Detail of the procedures to be used during wet and/or rainy weather placement
conditions. Refer to Parts 2 and 3 for limitations.
A. Deliver concrete to discharge locations in watertight agitator or mixer trucks without

altering the specified properties of water-cement ratio, slump, air entrainment,
temperature and homogeneity.
B. Reject concrete not conforming to specification, unsuitable for placement, exceeding the
time or temperature limitations or not having a complete delivery batch ticket.
1.08 PROJECT SITE CONDITIONS
A. Do not place concrete until conditions and facilities for making and curing control test
specimens are in compliance with ASTM C 31 and as specified herein.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
A. In accordance with the State of Oregons, Oregon Health Authority Department of Water
Services regulation OAR 333-061-0087, all materials in contact with potable water shall
have a current National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 61 certification.
B. Refer to Part 1 for requirements in submitting documentation that the materials provided
under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard. Concrete, including fly ash, is only
permitted to be in contact with potable water, when this documentation has been
submitted and approved by the Engineer.
C. Cement:
1. Portland Cement, ASTM C150, Type II. Furnish from only one source and use only
one type of cement in any individual structure. Use no cement that has become
damaged, partially set, lumpy, or caked. Reject the entire contents of the sack or
container that contains such cement. Use no salvaged or reclaimed cement.
2. Maximum tricalcium aluminate shall not exceed 8.0 percent. The maximum
percent alkalies shall not exceed 0.6 percent.
D. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM):
1. Fly Ash (Pozzolan).
2. Where fly ash is included in the mix, the fly ash content shall not exceed 15 percent
of the total cement plus pozzolan content by weight.
3. Only Class F fly ash conforming to ASTM C 618 for chemical and physical
properties is permitted for use.
a. Maximum carbon content: 3 percent.
b. Maximum sulfur trioxide (SO3) content: 4 percent.
c. Maximum loss on ignition: 3 percent.
d. Maximum water requirement (as a percent of control): 100 percent.
e. Use of slag cement, silica fume and natural pozzolans is not permitted.
E. Fine Aggregates:
1. Clean, sharp, natural sand.
2. Gradation shall meet ASTM C33 limits.
3. Limit deleterious substances in accordance with ASTM C33, Table 1 with material
finer than 200 sieve limited to 3 percent, coal and lignite limited to 0.5 percent.
F. Coarse Aggregate:
1. Course aggregates shall consist of clean, hard, durable crushed gravel, crushed
stone, or combination of these materials containing no more than 15 percent flat or
elongated particles (long dimension more than five times the short dimension).
2. Gradation shall meet ASTM C33 limits for the Class of concrete and application
defined in Part 2.02.
3. Materials Passing 200 Sieve: 0.5 percent maximum.
4. Limit deleterious substances in accordance with ASTM C33, Table 3 for exposed
concrete.
G. Potential Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity of Concrete:
1. Do not use aggregates known to be susceptible to alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR).
2. Aggregates shall have been tested to determine potential alkali-aggregate reactivity

in concrete in accordance with ASTM C1260 or ASTM C1567.
a. Aggregates that indicate expansion greater than 0.10 percent at 14 days of

exposure shall not be used unless they have been shown to be non-
deleteriously reactive, in accordance with ASTM C227 or ASTM C1293, with
less than 0.04 percent expansion at 1 year for cement-aggregate combinations
or less than 0.04 percent expansion at 2 years for combinations with pozzolan
or slag.
1) Conformance test data shall be no more than 1 year old from time of
submittal of the concrete mix design.
2) The alkali content of the cement used in the proposed concrete mixture
shall not be greater than the alkali content of the cement used in the test
for potential alkali-aggregate reactivity.
b. Use low alkali cement as necessary to satisfy testing for potential alkali
reactivity. Alternately, a chemical inhibitor such as lithium based admixture
may be proposed. Submit documentation of control of alkali aggregate
reactivity for proposed admixtures.
H. Water and Ice:
1. Mixing water for concrete and water used to make ice shall be potable water unless
alternative sources of water are permitted in writing by the Engineer.
2. Use water and ice free from injurious amounts of oil, acid, alkali, salt, organic
matter, or other deleterious substances, and conforms to requirements of ASTM
C94.
3. Water from alternative sources shall comply with the requirements of ASTM
C1602/C 1602M, and shall contain less than:
a. 500 ppm of chlorides.
b. 300 ppm sulfate as SO4.
c. 600 ppm alkalis as (Na2O + 0.658 K2O).
d. Total solids by mass less than 50,000 ppm.
4. Heat or cool water to obtain concrete temperatures specified, and in conformance

with ACI 305R and ACI 306R.
I. Concrete Admixtures:
1. Maintain compressive strength and maximum water-cement ratios specified in

Table 033000-1 when using admixtures. Include admixtures in solution form in the
water-cement ratio calculations.
2. Do not use any admixture that contains chlorides or other corrosive elements in any
concrete. Admixtures shall be nontoxic after 30 days.
3. Use admixtures in compliance with the manufacturers printed instructions. The

manufacturer shall certify the compatibility of multiple admixtures used in the same
mix.
4. Do not use admixtures in greater dosages than recommended by manufacturer.
5. Two or more admixtures specified may be used in the same mix provided that the
admixtures in combination retain full efficiency and have no deleterious effect on
the concrete or on the properties of each other.
6. Air Entrainment:
a. Class A concrete; an air-entraining admixture conforming to ASTM C260.
b. Products:
1) Sika Corporation, AER.
2) BASF Corporation; MB-AE 90.
3) Or accepted equivalent product.
c. Adjust the admixture content to accommodate fly ash or pozzolan

requirements, and other admixtures when used, to obtain the specified air
content.
7. Water Reducing:
a. For Class A concrete a water-reducing admixture conforming to ASTM C494,

Type A and compatible with the air-entraining admixtures. The amount of
admixture added to the concrete shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
b. Products:
1) Sika Corporation, Plastocrete 161.
2) BASF Corporation; Polyheed Series.
3) WR Grace & Co.; Darex II-AEA.
8. Water Reducing and Retarding:
a. For Class A concrete a water-reducing and retarding admixture conforming to

ASTM C494, Type D and compatible with the air-entraining admixtures. The
amount of admixture added to the concrete shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
b. Products:
1) Sika Corporation; Plastiment.
2) BASF Corporation; Pozzolith Series.
9. High-Range Water-Reducing Admixture (Superplasticizer):
a. For Class A concrete a High-Range water-reducing admixture conforming to

ASTM C494, Type F or ASTM C1017, Type I.
b. Products:
1) BASF Corporation; Glenium Series.
2) WR Grace & Co.; Daracem 100.
10. Shrinkage Reducing Admixture:
a. For Class A and B concrete, as specified below, a shrinkage-reducing

admixture shall be used in the mix to meet shrinkage limitations provided that
specified strength requirements are met, no reduction exists in sulfate
resistance, and no increase exists in permeability. Quantity of shrinkage-
reducing admixture used in the mix shall be added to the quantity of water for
purposes of determining the water/cementitous materials ratio.
b. Products:
1) BASF Corporation; Tetragurad AS20.
2) WR Grace & Co.; Eclipse.
11. Retarding Admixture: ASTM C494/C494M, Type B.
J. Epoxy Bonding Agent:
1. Epoxy bonding/grouting adhesive shall conform to ASTM C881 Type II,Grade 2,

Class C for epoxy resin adhesives, depending on the application. The class of
epoxy bonding agent shall be suitable for all ambient and substrate temperatures.
The class of epoxy bonding agent shall be suitable for ambient and substrate
temperatures.
2. Products:
a. Sika Corp.; Sikadur 32, Hi-Mod.
b. Sika Corp.; Sikadur 32, Hi-Mod LPL.
c. Or acceptable equivalent product.
K. Color Pigments for Electrical Conduit Encasement:
1. ASTM C979, inert, mineral or metaloxide pigments, either natural or synthetic, and
resistant to lime and other alkalies.
2. Color: red.
2.02 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
A. Conform to ASTM C94, except as modified by these specifications.
B. Classes of concrete.
1. Provide Classes of concrete with the characteristics defined in Table 033000-1, and
the remainder of this Section. Proportion each for strength and quality requirements
in accordance with ACI 301, except as modified herein.
2. Each class of concrete shall have the properties specified in Table 033000-1. These
requirements are per cubic yard of batched concrete.
3. Mix design cement content: Development of project concrete mix designs shall
consider a maximum cement content sufficient to develop specified strengths at 28
days. Excessive cement content shall be avoided relative to limiting both heat of
hydration during set and shrinkage of final concrete elements.
4. It is understood that the maximum water content and water to cement ratio may
require the use of additional water reducing admixtures in order to obtain the
workability desired for particular placement methods used.
Table 033000-1
Minimum Max Max
28-Day Min Cement Water/ Water
Compressive Content Cement Content
Class Type of Work Strength (psi) (lbs/C.Y.) Ratio (lbs/C.Y.)
A Reservoir and Pump Station
4,500 535 0.42 246
base slabs and walls
B Reservoir and Pump Station
elevated slabs, pump station
floor slab with grade beams, 4,500 560 0.42 286
beams, columns, reinforced
pipe encasements
C Micropile foundations,
concrete fill, site and other
4,000 560 0.45 256
structures not explicitly
listed
D Plant cast concrete (precast
5,000 630 0.40 None
concrete)
Slurry Bottom of Reservoir wall
Concr construction joints 4,500 600 0.42 273
ete
C. Air Content and Maximum Aggregate Size:
1. Air content shall be determined per ASTM C231.
2. Provide cast-in-place concrete with the in-place air content and maximum coarse
aggregate size specified in Table 033000-2.
Table 033000-2 Air Content and Maximum Aggregate Size

Class Air Content Coarse Aggregate
(in place) Maximum Size Structure and Location
A 4.5%, 1.5% 1 inch, ASTM C33, Reservoir and Pump Station base slab
No. 57 and walls only
B, C, D 5.0%, 1.5% 3/4 inch, ASTM C33, Reservoir and Pump Station elevated
No. 67 slabs/beams and columns
Slurry 6.0%, 1.5% 3/8 inch, ASTM C33, Where needed or directed by Engineer
Concrete No. 8 at bottom of wall construction joints
D. Measure slump in accordance with ASTM C143:
1. Proportion and produce the concrete to have a 3 inch minimum to 5 inch maximum
slump when no water reducing admixtures are used.
2. Mixes containing water reducers shall have a maximum slump of 6 inches after the
addition of a mid-range water reducer and maximum slump of 8 inches after the
addition of a high range water reducer.
E. Supplementary Cementitious Materials:
1. Fly ash shall not exceed 15 percent of the total cementitous material content.
F. Aggregates:
1. Furnish from one source for each aggregate type used in the mix design.
G. Trial Batch and Laboratory Tests:
1. Select and proportion ingredients using trial batches; sample, cure and test concrete
mix through approved independent testing laboratory in accordance with ACI
211.1.
2. Concrete compressive strength (fc) determination:
a. Minimum compressive strengths by class of cast-in-place concrete as defined

in Table 033000-1.
b. Use additional cement above minimum specified if required to meet average

compressive strength, Fcr.
c. Use Fcr as basis for selection of concrete proportions as set forth in ACI 301.
d. Fcr: equal to Fc plus 1,200 when data are not available to establish standard
deviation.
3. Concrete Drying and Shrinkage:
a. Design mix for shrinkage characteristics: Prepare trial batch concrete for
shrinkage testing in accordance with ASTM C157/C157M, with the
modifications listed below.
1) Drying shrinkage specimen size shall be in accordance with ASTM

C157, however only prisms of the same size are permitted to be used for
determination of a design mix shrinkage characteristics.
2) Specimens shall be removed from molds at an age of 23 hours, plus or

minus one hour, after trial batching, and shall be placed immediately in
water at 70 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F, for at least 30 minutes.
3) Specimens shall be measured for length within 30 minutes thereafter to
determine original length and then shall be submerged in saturated lime
water at 73 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F.
4) After being submerged for 7 days specimens shall be measured for

length. Measurements taken to determine expansion shall be expressed
as a percentage of original length shall be made at age 7 days.
5) This length at age 7 days shall be the base length for drying shrinkage
calculations ("0" days drying age).
6) Specimens then shall be stored immediately in a humidity control room

maintained at 73 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F, and 50 percent
relative humidity, plus or minus 4 percent, for the remainder of the
testing period.
b. Test Results:
1) Requirements for Reported results shall be the average of three prisms.
2) Take and report shrinkage readings at 1, 7, 14 and 28-days drying age.
3) Results at end of the 28-day drying period shall not exceed 0.040 percent
if 3-inch prisms are used, or 0.038 percent if 4-inch prisms are used.
4) If shrinkage of any individual specimen departs from average of the

specimens tested at a particular test age by more than 0.004 percent,
disregard the results obtained from that specimen.
2.03 CONCRETE MIXING
A. Concrete mixing shall be provided in accordance with ACI 301, except as modified
herein.
B. Truck Mixers:
1. Equipment with electrically actuated counters to readily verify number of

revolutions of drum or blades.
C. Counter:
1. Resettable, recording type, mounted in drivers cab.
2. Actuated at time of starting mixers at mixing speeds.
D. Truck mixer operation shall furnish concrete batch as discharged that is homogeneous
with respect to consistency, mix, and grading.
E. If slump tests taken at approximately 1/4 point and 3/4 point of load during discharge
give slumps differing by more than 2 inches when specified, slump is more than 4 inches,
discontinue use of truck mixer unless causing condition is corrected and satisfactory
performance is verified by additional slump tests.
F. Before attempting to reuse unit, check mechanical details of mixer, such as water
measuring, and discharge apparatus, condition of blades, speed of rotation, general
mechanical condition of unit, admixture dispensing equipment, and clearance of drum.
G. Do not use nonagitating or combination truck and trailer equipment for transporting
ready-mixed concrete.
H. Concrete Volume in Truck:
1. Limit to 63 percent of total volume capacity in accordance with ASTM C94/C94M

when truck mixed.
2. Limit to 80 percent of total volume capacity when central mixed.
I. Mix each batch of concrete in truck mixer for minimum 70 revolutions of drum or blades
at rate of rotation designated by equipment manufacturer.
J. Perform additional mixing, if required, at speed designated by equipment manufacturer as

agitating speed.
K. Place materials, including mixing water, in mixer drum before actuating revolution
counter for determining number of mixing revolutions.
L. Aggregates: thoroughly wash before use.
M. Admixtures:
1. Air-Entraining Admixture: add at plant through manufacturer-approved dispensing

equipment except as approved by the Engineer.
2. Water Reducers: add prior to addition of high range water reducing admixture
(superplasticizers).
3. High Range Water Reducing admixture (superplasticizers) and Air-Entraining

Admixtures:
a. Add at concrete plant only through equipment furnished or approved by

admixture manufacturer except as approved by the Engineer.
b. Accomplish variations in slump, working time, and air content for flowable
mixes by increasing or reducing high range water reducing admixture
(superplasticizers) dose or air-entraining admixture dose at ready-mix plant
only.
c. Equipment shall provide for easy and quick visual verification of admixture
amount used for each dose.
d. Add discharge amount to each load of concrete into separate dispensing
container, verify amount is correct, and add to concrete.
e. Additional dosage of high range water reducing admixture (superplasticizers)

may be added in field using manufacturer-approved dispensing when
unexpected delays cause too great of slump loss.
2.04 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Cement: test for total chloride content.
B. Batch Plant Inspection: Engineer shall have access to and have right to inspect batch
plants, cement mills, and supply facilities of suppliers, manufacturers, and
subcontractors, providing products included in these Specifications.
C. Weighing Scales: Tested and certified within tolerances set forth in the NIST Handbook
No. 44.
D. Batch Plant Equipment: Either semiautomatic or fully automatic, in accordance with

ASTM C94/C94M.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 INSPECTION
A. Examine the conditions under which work is to be performed and notify the Engineer in
writing of unsatisfactory conditions. Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory
conditions are corrected to comply with specified conditions in a manner acceptable to
the Engineer.
3.02 MIXING AND TRANSPORTING CONCRETE
A. General: Conform to concreting procedures set forth in ASTM C94, ACI 304R, and as
specified herein:
1. Transport concrete to discharge locations without altering the specified properties

of water-cement ratio, slump, air entrainment, temperature and homogeneity.
2. Discharge concrete into forms within 1-1/2 hours after cement has entered mixing
drum or before the drum has revolved 300 revolutions after the addition of water,
whichever occurs first.
3. Do not add water at the Project site unless permitted by the Engineer. If it is
necessary to add water to obtain the specified slump, add water per ASTM C 94,
but do not exceed the maximum water content in the reviewed concrete design mix.
Added water shall be incorporated by additional mixing of at least 35 revolutions,
prior to placement.
4. Do not add water to concrete containing high range water reducing admixture. Do
not add water to concrete in delivery equipment not acceptable for mixing.
5. Keep a record showing time and place of each placement of concrete, together with
ready-mix delivery slips certifying the contents of the pour.
6. Refer to Part 2.03 for Mixing and Temperature requirements.
3.03 PREPARATION AND COORDINATION
A. Contractor shall notify the Engineer of readiness to place concrete in any portion of the
work a minimum of 2 working days prior to concrete placement. Failure to provide this
notification will be cause for delay in placing until observations can be completed.
B. Coordinate the sequence of placement such that construction joints will occur only as
designed.
C. Schedule sufficient equipment for continuous concrete placing. Provide for backup
equipment and procedures to be taken in case of an interruption in placing. Provide
backup concrete vibrators at the Project site. Test concrete vibrators the day before
placing concrete.
3.04 BONDING NEW CONCRETE TO EXISTING (HARDENED) CONCRETE
A. Joints At Existing Concrete:
1. Prepare joint surface as specified in Section 031500, Concrete Joints and

Accessories.
B. Additional requirements at horizontal construction joints in reinforced concrete walls

where slurry concrete is approved for use.
1. Limit slurry concrete placement to 4 inches maximum and 2 inches minimum

thickness above the top of the waterstop at the bottom of wall joint.
2. Use positive measuring device such as bucket or other device that will contain only
enough slurry concrete for depositing in visually measurable area of wall to ensure
that portion of form receives appropriate amount of slurry concrete to satisfy
placement thickness requirements.
3. Do not deposit slurry concrete from pump hoses or large concrete buckets, unless
specified placement thickness can be maintained and verified through inspection
windows close to joint.
4. Limit the first lift of concrete placed immediately on top of slurry concrete to 12
inches thick.
5. Thoroughly vibrate to mix concrete and slurry concrete together.
3.05 PLACING CONCRETE
A. Preparation:
1. Meet requirements and recommendations of ACI 301, except as modified herein.
B. Inspection:
1. Notify Engineer at least 2 full working days in advance before starting to place
concrete.
2. Once all items associated with a proposed concrete placement have been completed,
the Contractors Quality Control activities have been completed and before the
forms have been closed up, the Contractor shall request inspection of the prepared
placement by the Engineer. Items to be inspected include but are not limited to:
a. Reinforcement size, spacing, position, orientation.
b. Joint materials, geometry and preparation.
c. Adhesive bars and anchors.
d. Embedments.
e. Written test results for subgrade compaction.
f. Geometry, configuration, bracing and anchorage of formwork.
g. Removal of all debris and other foreign objects from placement area.
h. Where required, proper wetting of forms for 24 hours prior to placement.
3. Items noted for correction or adjustment by the Engineer during these inspections
shall be corrected by the Contractor and reinspected by the Engineer, prior to
C. Time to Discharge of Concrete:
1. Discharge of concrete shall be completed before the time limit set out in Table
033000-3 is reached, with respect to the temperature of the concrete at the truck.
See Hot and Cold Weather Concreting requirements below, for modifications to
these temperature and time limits.
Table 033000-3: Maximum Time to Concrete Discharge

Concrete Temperature Limit
Remove concrete from Project site and
Over 90 Degree F
discard concrete
86 to 90 Degree F 45 minutes
Below 70 Degree F 90 minutes
2. Coordinate time delay admixture information with manufacturer and Engineer,

prior to placing concrete.
3. Adjust slump or air content at Project site by adding admixtures for particular load
when approved by Engineer. Then, adjust plant dosage for remainder of placement.
4. Additional dosage at Project site shall be through approved dispenser supplied by
admixture manufacturer.
5. Maintain required slump throughout time of concrete placement and consolidation.

Discontinue use of high range water reducing admixture (superplasticizers) and
provide new mix design if concrete fails to maintain the slump limits provided in
Part 2.02 or allow adequate consolidation, as determined by the Engineer. Redesign
mix adjusting set control admixtures to maintain setting time in range required.
D. Placement into Formwork:
1. Follow the approved Placement Plan.
2. Placement frequency shall be such that lift lines will not be visible in exposed
concrete finishes.
3. Before depositing concrete:
a. Remove debris from space to be occupied by concrete.
b. Wet subgrade and hardened concrete surfaces to have fresh concrete placed
against them for a period of 24 hours prior to placement of the new concrete.
These surfaces shall be saturated but with no standing water. Wetting may be
accomplished by means of sprinklers or drip hoses.
c. Reinforcement, embedments and joint materials: Secure in position before

placing concrete.
d. Provide supplemental heat and blankets to maintain subgrade, hardened

concrete, forms and other items to have fresh concrete placed against and
around them to the maximum of the following temperatures.
1) Freezing point of water, 32-degrees Fahrenheit (F).
2) No more than 10-degrees greater than, nor 15-degrees less than the
concrete being placed.
e. Where surface temperature of formwork, reinforcing, embedments or other

items which will come in contact with fresh concrete exceed 120 degrees
Fahrenheit, use a fine mist to moisten the hot surfaces immediately before
placing concrete.
4. Place concrete as soon as possible after leaving mixer, without segregation or loss
of ingredients, without splashing forms or steel above, and in layers not over 18
inches deep, except for slabs 20 inches thick or less, which shall be placed full
depth. Place and consolidate successive layers prior to initial set of first layer, so as
to prevent cold joints.
5. Vertical Free Fall Drop to Final Placement: 5 feet in forms 8 inches or less wide
and 8 feet in forms wider than 8 inches, except as specified.
a. For placements where drops are greater than specified, use placement device
such that free fall below placement device conforms to required value.
b. Limit free fall to prevent segregation caused by aggregates hitting reinforcing

steel.
6. Do not use aluminum conveying devices.
7. Provide sufficient illumination in the interior of forms so concrete deposition is

visible, permitting confirmation of consolidation quality.
8. Joints in Footings and Slabs:
a. Ensure space beneath plastic water stop completely fills with concrete.
b. During concrete placement, make visual inspection of entire water stop area.
c. Limit the first lift of concrete placement to the elevation of the waterstop,
vibrate concrete under waterstop, lift waterstop to confirm full consolidation
without voids, place remaining concrete to full thickness of slab.
d. Apply procedure to full length of waterstops.
9. Trowel and round off top exposed edges of walls with 1/4-inch radius steel edging
tool, unless otherwise called for in the Drawings.
10. Cure concrete as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection.
E. Conveyor Belts and Chutes:
1. Design and arrange ends of chutes, hopper gates, and other points of concrete
discharge throughout conveying, hoisting, and placing system for concrete to pass
without becoming segregated.
2. Do not use chutes longer than 50 feet, or of aluminum construction.
3. Minimum Slopes of Chutes: angled to allow concrete to readily flow without

segregation.
4. Conveyor Belts:
a. When approved by the Engineer.
b. Wipe clean with device that does not allow mortar to adhere to belt.
c. Cover conveyor belts and chutes.
F. Retempering: not permitted for concrete where cement has partially hydrated.
G. Pumping of Concrete:
1. Provide standby pump, conveyor system, crane and concrete bucket, or other
system on-site during pumping, for adequate redundancy to assure completion of
concrete placement without cold joints in case of primary placing equipment
breakdown.
2. Conform to the recommendations of ACI 304.2R except as modified herein.
3. Base pump size on rate of concrete placement, length of delivery pipe or hose,
aggregate size, mix proportions, vertical lift, and slump of concrete.
4. Use pipe with inside diameter of at least three times the maximum coarse aggregate
size, but not less than 4 inches.
5. Do not use aluminum pipes for delivery of concrete to the forms. Replace pumping
equipment and hoses (conduits) that are not functioning properly.
H. Maximum Size of Concrete Placements:
1. Limit size of each placement to allow for strength gain and volume change as a
result of shrinkage.
2. Joints:
a. Locate expansion and construction joints where shown in the Drawings.

Additional construction joints proposed by the Contractor will be considered,
but must be submitted and approved by the Engineer prior to incorporating
them into the Work.
b. Provide construction joints at maximum spacing of 40 feet for slabs and walls,
unless indicated otherwise in the Drawings.
c. Vertical construction joint shall not be greater than 20 feet or less than 10 feet
from wall corners or intersections, unless indicated otherwise in the Drawings.
d. Uniformly space construction joints.
e. For hydraulic structures construction joints shall be continuous throughout the

structures slabs and walls, unless otherwise shown in the Drawings.
3. Consider beams, girders, brackets, column capitals, and haunches as part of floor or
roof system and place monolithically with floor or roof system.
4. Should placement sequence result in cold joint located below finished water
surface, install waterstop in joint.
I. Minimum Time between Adjacent Placements:
1. Construction Joints: 7 days
2. Expansion Joints: 1 day.
3. At least 2 hours shall elapse after depositing the last placed concrete in long
columns and walls thicker than 8 inches before depositing concrete in beams,
girders, or slabs supported thereon.
4. For columns and walls 10 feet in height or less, wait at least 45 minutes prior to
depositing concrete in beams, girders, brackets, column capitals, or slabs supported
thereon.
J. Consolidation and Visual Observation:
1. Consolidate concrete with internal vibrators with minimum frequency of

8,000 cycles per minute and amplitude as required to consolidate concrete in section
being placed.
2. Provide at least one standby vibrator in operable condition at placement site prior to
placing concrete.
3. Consolidation Equipment and Methods: ACI 301.
4. Provide sufficient windows in forms or limit form height to allow for concrete
placement through windows and for visual observation of concrete. Refer to Section
031000, Concrete Formwork for size and spacing of inspection ports.
5. Vibration consolidation shall not exceed distance of 2 feet from point of placement.
6. Vibrate concrete in vicinity of joints to obtain impervious concrete.
K. Concrete Placement During Hot Weather:
1. Hot weather conditions shall be considered to exist, when the conditions defined by
ACI 305.1 are forecasted or expected to occur during the batching, delivery and
2. When hot weather conditions exist the following additions and modifications shall
be made to the requirements of this Specification.
a. Prepare ingredients, mix, deliver, place and cure in accordance with ACI
305.1, the requirements of this Section and Specification 033900, Concrete
Curing and Protection.
b. Deliver concrete to the site so that it does not exceed 85 degrees F

immediately after placement by use of chilled water, shaved ice, chilled
aggregates, or other means as approved by the Engineer.
c. Where temperature of concrete delivered to the site is expected to or does

exceed 85 degrees F; furnish test data or provide other proof that admixtures
and mix ingredients do not produce flash set plastic shrinkage or cracking as a
result of heat of hydration.
d. Provide for windbreaks, shading, fog spraying, sprinkling, ice, wet cover, or
other means as necessary to maintain concrete at or below specified
temperature.
e. When the temperature of reinforcement, embedments, or forms is greater than

120 degrees F, use a fine mist of water to moisten the hot surfaces
immediately before placing concrete.
L. Concrete Placement During Cold Weather:
1. Cold weather conditions shall be considered to exist, when the conditions defined
by ACI 306.1 are forecasted or expected to occur during the batching, delivery and
2. When cold weather conditions exist the following additions and modifications shall
be made to the requirements of this Specification.
a. Prepare ingredients, mix, deliver, place and cure in accordance with ACI
306.1, as well as the requirements of this Section and Specification 033900,
b. Deliver concrete to the site to meet the following temperature limits

immediately after placement into the forms.
Table 033000-4: Concrete Temperatures During Cold Weather Conditions

Concrete Thickness (inches) Maximum (F) Minimum (F)
Less than 12 75 55
12 to 36 70 50
36 to 72 65 45
Greater than 72 60 40
c. Do not place concrete against frozen earth, forms, reinforcing, embedments or

other materials that are less than 35 degrees, or if frost or ice present in the
area to receive concrete.
d. Provide heated enclosures when air temperatures are below 40 degrees F.
e. Use heated mixing water not to exceed 140 degrees F. Do not allow the
heated water to come in contact with the cement before the cement is added to
the batch.
f. Cold weather curing requirements are provided in Section 033900, Concrete

Curing.
M. Concrete Placement During Wet Weather:
1. Do not place concrete while rain, sleet, or snow is falling unless protection is
provided. Protection system must be approved in writing by the Engineer.
2. Rain, sleet or snow is not permitted to increase mixing water or fall onto or damage
the concrete surface.
N. Temperature Monitoring:
1. Temperature monitoring devices are required to be installed in portions of the

concrete Work. Refer to Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection, for
specific requirements.
3.06 CONCRETE ACCEPTANCE
A. Accept or reject each batch of concrete delivered to the point of agitator or mixer truck
discharge. Sign delivery batch tickets to indicate concrete acceptance.
B. Reject concrete delivered without a complete concrete delivery batch ticket as specified
herein. The Contractor is responsible for obtaining copies of the signed batch tickets, and
providing them to the Engineer.
C. Accept or reject concrete on the basis of conformity with this Section.
A. General:
1. Provide adequate facilities for safe storage and proper curing of concrete test
cylinders on-site for first 24 hours, and for additional time as may be required
before transporting to test lab.
2. Provide concrete for testing of slump, air content, and for making cylinders from
the point of discharge into forms. When concrete is pumped, samples used shall be
taken from discharge end of pump hose except as approved by the Engineer.
3. Evaluation will be in accordance with ACI 301 and Specifications.
4. The Owners testing agency shall perform field tests at the point of agitator or
mixer truck discharge.
B. Testing Performed by Owner:
1. Concrete quality testing will be performed by the Owners independent testing

laboratory.
2. The testing agency shall inspect the concrete transit truck's barrel revolution counter
and gauge for measuring water added to the concrete.
3. Testing agency personnel will record truck and load number from the delivery batch
ticket, the concrete placement location of each specimen, the date, concrete
strength, slump, air content and temperature.
4. Pumped Concrete: take concrete samples for slump (ASTM C143/C143M)
compressive strength (ASTM C31/C31M and ASTM C39/C39M) and shrinkage
(ASTM C157/C157M) at point of placement (discharge end of pump). Other points
of sampling for pumped concrete shall only be as approved in writing by the
Engineer.
5. Frequency of testing may be changed at discretion of the Owner.
6. Reject concrete represented by test results that do not meet the properties specified
herein.
7. Compressive Strength Tests
a. Sampling:
1) Test cylinders shall be standard cured cylinders, sampled and cured as

defined by ASTM C31.
2) Field quality control for compressive strength will be performed on the

concrete by the Owners independent testing laboratory as follows:
3) Cast one set of cylindrical concrete cylinders for each Class of

concrete, placed per day, based on the following criteria, which yields
the highest number of total cylinders:
a) One set of specimens per placement, or
b) One set of specimens per 75 cubic yards of concrete, or
c) One set for each 5000 square feet of surface area for slabs.
4) A set of cylinders shall consist of seven (7), four (4) inch diameter by
eight (8) inch long specimens.
b. Testing:
1) Compression test cylinders in accordance with ASTM C39, and at the

following intervals:
a) Test one cylinder at 3 days for information.
b) Test one cylinder at 7 days for information.
c) Test three cylinders at 28 days for acceptance of meeting strength

requirements.
d) Two reserve cylinders to be tested at 56 days, or held for

verification purposes.
2) The Contractor may take field control test, at no additional cost to the
Owner.
c. Strength Test Acceptance Criteria:
1) Strength acceptance will be based on the average of the strengths of the

two cylinders tested at 28 days. No single test break shall be less than 90
percent of the specified 28-day strength.
2) If one cylinder of a 28-day test manifests evidence of improper

sampling, molding, or testing, other than low strength, discard it and use
one of the 56-day verification cylinders for the test result.
3) Should the results of the 28-day strength test meet the specified 56-day
strength requirements, the 56-day tests will not be required.
4) If result of 7-day concrete strength test is less than 50 percent of the

specified 28-day strength, extend the period of moist curing specified in
Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection, by 7 additional days.
5) If the strength tests fail to meet the specified minimum compressive

strength, the concrete will be assumed to be defective and one set of
three cores from each area may be taken as selected by the Engineer and
in accordance with ASTM C42. If the average compressive strength of
the set of three concrete cores fails to equal 90 percent of the specified
minimum compressive strength or if any single core is less than 75
percent of the minimum compressive strength, the concrete will be
considered defective. The Engineer may require additional coring,
nondestructive load testing, or repair of defective concrete. Costs of
coring, testing of cores, load testing, and required repairing pertaining
thereto shall be paid by the Contractor at no extra cost to the Owner.
8. Slump:
a. Determine concrete slump by ASTM C143.
b. Slump shall be tested with each set of compressive strength cylinders taken,
and as required to establish consistency.
9. Air Content:
a. Determine air content of the concrete using ASTM C231.
b. The percentage of air in the concrete shall be tested and determined

immediately prior to depositing in forms.
10. Shrinkage Tests:
a. Perform on concrete every 1,000 cubic yards of concrete used on the job and
every 3 months during construction when compression test cylinders are
made.
b. Make one set of three specimens for each shrinkage test.
c. Prism Specimen Size:
1) 4 inches by 4 inches by approximately 11 inches with effective gauge

length of 10 inches for all aggregate that passes 2-inch sieve.
2) 3 inches by 3 inches by approximately 11 inches with effective gauge

length of 10 inches for all aggregate that passes 1-inch sieve.
d. Curing and Testing: fabricate, cure, dry, and measure as specified in ASTM
C157/C157M, except as modified as follows:
1) Specimens shall be removed from molds at an age of 23 hours, plus or

minus one hour, after trial batching, and shall be placed immediately in
water at 70 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F, for at least 30 minutes.
2) Specimens shall be measured for length within 30 minutes thereafter to

determine original length and then shall be submerged in saturated lime
water at 73 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F.
3) After being submerged for 7 days specimens shall be measured for

length. Measurements taken to determine expansion shall be expressed
as a percentage of original length shall be made at age 7 days.
4) This length at age 7 days shall be the base length for drying shrinkage
calculations ("0" days drying age).
5) Specimens then shall be stored immediately in a humidity control room

maintained at 73 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F, and 50 percent
relative humidity, plus or minus 4 percent, for the remainder of the
testing period.
e. Test Results:
1) Requirements for Reported results shall be the average of three prisms.
2) If drying shrinkage of any specimen departs from average of the

specimens at that test age by more than 0.004 percent, disregard results
obtained from that specimen.
3) Results at end of 28 day drying period shall not exceed the design mix
shrinkage limits by more than 25-percent.
4) If shrinkage specimen tests for field materials exceed shrinkage limits

Specified for the approved mix design, the Contractor, at no additional
cost to the Owner, shall take any or all of the following actions needed
to reestablish compliance with this Sections requirements. No
additional concrete shall be placed until compliance has been
reestablished.
a) Change the source of cement, aggregates and/or admixtures.
b) Reduce the water cement ratio.
c) Wash coarse and/or fine aggregates in order to reduce fines.
d) Reduce placement size and provide additional construction joints.
e) Provide an additional 14 days of water curing beyond what is

specified for concrete surfaces of hydraulic structures.
f) Other actions needed to reduce shrinkage or the effects of

shrinkage.
11. High Range Water Reducer (Superplasticizer) Admixture Segregation Tests:
a. Test each truck whos batch includes High Range Water Reducer, prior to use
on job.
b. Segregation Test Objective: Concrete with 4-inch to 8-inch slump must stay
together when slumped. Segregation is assumed to cause mortar to flow out of
mix even though aggregate may stay piled enough to meet slump test.
c. Test Procedure: Make slump test and check for excessive slump and observe
to see if mortar or moisture flows from slumped concrete.
d. Reject concrete if mortar or moisture separates and flows out of mix.
12. Cold Weather Placement Tests:
a. During cold weather concreting, cast additional cylinders for field curing as
follows. Use a method that will produce the greatest number of specimens:
1) Seven (7) extra test cylinders from last 100 cubic yards of concrete
placed per component of each structure placed per day.
2) Minimum three specimens for each 2 hours of placing time or for each
100 cubic yards.
b. These specimens shall be in addition to those cast for normal strength

verification testing.
c. Protect test cylinders from weather until they can be placed under same
protection provided for concrete of structure that they represent.
d. Keep field cured test cylinders in same protective environment as parts of

structure they represent to determine if specified strength has been obtained.
e. Test cylinders in accordance with applicable sections of ASTM C31/C31M

and ASTM C39/C39M.
f. Use test results to determine specified strength gain prior to falsework
removal or for prestressing.
3.08 REPAIRING CONCRETE
A. General:
1. Do not repair defects until concrete has been evaluated by the Engineer and
materials and methods have been approved.
2. Refer to Specification 030130, Concrete Repair, for repairing concrete defects other
than cracks.
3. Refer to Specification 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting, for repair of
concrete cracks.
B. Tie Holes:
1. Unless otherwise specified, repair tie holes as Specified herein and in the Drawings.
C. Alternate Form Ties and Through-Bolts:
1. Unless otherwise specified, repair tie holes as Specified here-in and in the
Drawings.
D. Exposed Metal Objects:
1. Metal objects not intended to be exposed in as-built condition of structure including

wire, nails, and bolts, shall be removed by chipping back concrete to depth of 1 inch
and then cutting or removing metal object.
E. Blockouts at Pipes or Other Penetrations:
1. Install where specifically indicated and per details shown in the Drawings.
2. Pipes penetrating reservoir and mechanical space walls shall be cast in place with
seep rings and shall not allow blockouts.
3. Joint sealant shall be installed around the entire pipe perimeter, on the wet side of
the wall or slab penetration. Refer to the Drawings for a joint sealant detail.
3.09 TOLERANCES
A. Walls: Measure and inspect walls for compliance with tolerances specified in
Section 031000, Concrete Formwork.
B. Slab Finish Tolerances and Slope Tolerances:
1. Floor flatness measurements shall be made day after floor is finished and before
shoring is removed to eliminate effects of shrinkage, curing, and deflection.
2. Support 10-foot-long straightedge at each end with steel gauge blocks of thicknesses
equal to specified tolerance.
C. Compliance with designated limits in four of five consecutive measurements is

satisfactory, unless defective conditions are observed, as determined by the Engineer.
A. Special inspection, testing and professional observation shall be provided by the Owner as
indicated in the Statement of Special Inspection Plan in the Drawings and in
A. The Contractor shall provide the following representative(s) at the Project site, for
installation assistance, inspection, and certification of proper installation for concrete
ingredients, mix design, mixing, and placement.
B. Concrete Producers Representative:
1. Observe how concrete mixes are performing.
2. Be present during first placement of each type of concrete mix.
3. Assist with concrete mix design, performance, placement, weather problems, and
problems as may occur with concrete mix throughout Project.
4. Establish control limits on concrete mix designs.
C. Admixture Manufacturers Representative:
1. Demonstrate special features, product performance, product mixing, testing, and

placement or installation for each type of admixture.
2. Observe how concrete mixes are performing.
3. Be present during first placement of each type of concrete mix.
4. Assist with concrete mix design, performance, placement, weather problems, and
problems as may occur with concrete mix throughout Project, including instructions
for redosing.
5. Provide equipment for control of concrete redosing for air entrainment or high range
water reducing admixture (superplasticizers) at Project site to maintain proper slump
and air content if so needed.
D. Bonding Agent Manufacturers Representative: Demonstrate product performance,

product mixing, and placement.
3.12 PROTECTION OF INSTALLED WORK
A. After curing as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection, and after
applying final floor finish, cover slabs with plywood, particle board, plastic sheeting or
other material to keep floor clean and protect it from material and damage as a result of
other construction work.
B. Repair defective areas and areas damaged by construction using specified repair materials
and approved repair methods.
A. Provide in accordance with Section 017700.
END OF SECTION

SECTION 033500 CONCRETE FINISHES
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. This Section describes materials and methods of concrete finishes for cast-in-place
concrete construction.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Concrete Repair: 030130.
B. Concrete Formwork: 031000.
C. Concrete Reinforcement: 032100.
D. Concrete Curing and Protection: 033900.
E. Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting: 036423.
1.03 REFERENCES
2. 301: Specifications for Structural Concrete.
1.04 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit shop drawings in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals.
B. Submit a clear floor hardener manufacturers statement of compliance with these

specifications. Submit manufacturers application instructions.
C. Product manufacturers letter for all materials which may come in contact with potable
water (submerged or periodically wetted) which certifies that the material holds a
current National Sanitation Foundation Standard 61 certification. The manufacturers
letter shall include a copy of the NSF 61 certification letter.
A. Prior to concrete construction, develop an outlined quality control program for

concrete finishing.
Concrete Finishes
PART 2 - PRODUCTS

certification.
B. Refer to part 1 for requirements in submitting documentation that the materials provided
under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 CLEAR FLOOR HARDENER (SURFACE APPLIED)
A. Provide a colorless, aqueous solution of zinc and magnesium fluorosilicate. Each

gallon of solution shall contain a minimum of 2 pounds of fluorosilicate compound.
B. Products:
1. Dayton Superior Corp; Burk-O-Lith.
2. BASF Building Systems; Lapidolith.
3. Euclid Chemical Company; Eucosil.
2.03 EPOXY BONDING COMPOUND
A. See Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
2.04 CONCRETE REPAIR MATERIAL
A. Concrete repair material shall be in accordance with Section 030130, Concrete Repair.
B. Crack repair material shall be in accordance with Section 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy
Injection Grouting.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 TOLERANCES (EXCEPT FLOORS AND SLABS)
A. The most stringent requirements of the following shall apply:
1. Section 031000, Concrete Formwork.
2. ACI 117 Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction Materials.
3. The Construction Documents.
Concrete Finishes
3.02 CONCRETE SLAB TOLERANCES
A. Exposed Slab Surfaces: Made up of flat planes as required within tolerances specified.
B. Slab Finish Tolerances and Slope Tolerances: Crowns on floor surface not sufficiently
high so as to prevent a 10-foot straightedge from resting on end blocks the thickness of
the tolerance, nor low spots that allow block of twice the tolerance in thickness to pass
under supported 10-foot straightedge.
C. Slab Type S-A: Steel gauge block 5/16 inch thick.
D. Slab Type S-B: Steel gauge block 1/8 inch thick.
E. Slab Type S-A and S-B: Finish Slab Elevation: Slope slabs to floor drain and gutter, and
shall adequately drain regardless of tolerances. Thickness: Maximum 1/4 inch minus or
1/2 inch plus from thickness shown.
F. Where thickness tolerance will not affect slope, drainage, or slab elevation, thickness
tolerance may exceed 1/2 inch plus.
3.03 CONCRETE WALL FINISHES
A. Type W-1 (Ordinary Wall Finish):
1. Patch tie holes.
2. Knock off projections.
3. Repair defective areas.
4. Inject cracks as specified in Section 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy Injection

Grouting.
B. Type W-2 (Smooth Wall Finish):
1. Patch tie holes.
2. Grind off projections, fins, and rough spots.
3. Repair defective areas and patch rough spots to provide smooth uniform
appearance.

Grouting.
C. Type W-5 (Finish for Painting):
1. Patch tie holes.
2. Grind off projections, fins, and rough spots.
3. Patch and repair defective areas as specified for Type W-2.
Concrete Finishes
Grouting.
5. Leave surface ready for painting as specified in Section 099000, Painting and
Coating.
D. Type W-7 (Smooth Rubbed Wall Finish):
1. Type W-2 wall finish with the following additional steps.
2. Only water curing will be permitted on walls being rubbed.
3. Cement finishing paste to be used for smooth rubbed wall finish shall be
Cementitous Waterproofing Slurry as defined by Section 031030, Concrete
Repair.
4. Finish paste shall be installed by floating 1 coat of the finishing paste over all
surfaces specified to have this finish.
5. Floating shall be performed as follows:
a. Floating:
(1) Spread uniformly over surface and allow to reset.
(2) Finish by floating with canvas, carpet face, or cork float, or rub down
with dry burlap.
(3) Continue water curing of wall during finishing operation in areas not
being rubbed.
(4) Move water curing onto rubbed areas as soon as water will not erode
rubbed surface.
3.04 CONCRETE SLAB FINISHES
A. GENERAL:
1. Finish slab concrete per the requirements of ACI 302.1R.
2. Use manual screeds, vibrating screeds, or roller compacting screeds to place

concrete level and smooth.
3. Do not use jitterbugs or other special tools designed for purpose of forcing
coarse aggregate away from surface and allowing layer of mortar, which will be
weak and cause surface cracks or delamination, to accumulate.
4. Do not dust surfaces with dry materials.
5. Use evaporation retardant.
Concrete Finishes
6. Round off edges of slabs with steel edging tool, except where cove finish is
shown. Steel edging tool radius shall be 1/4 inch for slabs subject to wheeled
traffic.
7. Cure as specified in Section 033900, Concrete Curing and Protection.
B. Type S-1 (Steel Troweled Finish):
1. Finish by screeding and floating with straightedges to bring surfaces to required

finish elevation. Use evaporation retardant.
2. Wood float to true, even plane with no coarse aggregate visible.
3. Use sufficient pressure on wood floats to bring moisture to surface.
4. After surface moisture has disappeared, steel hand trowel concrete to produce
smooth, impervious surface, free from trowel marks.
5. Burnish surface with an additional troweling.
6. Do not use dry cement or additional water during troweling, nor will excessive
troweling be permitted.
7. Power Finishing:
a. Approved power machine may be used for additional troweling in lieu of

hand finishing in accordance with directions of machine manufacturer.
b. Do not use power machine when concrete has not attained necessary set to
allow finishing without introducing high and low spots in slab.
c. Do first steel troweling for slab S-1 finish by hand.
C. Type S-2 (Wood Float Finish):
1. Finish slab to receive fill and mortar setting bed by screeding with straightedges
to bring surface to required finish plane.
2. Wood float finish to compact and seal surface.
3. Remove laitance and leave surface clean.
4. Coordinate with other finish procedures.
D. Type S-3 (Underside Elevated Slab Finish):
1. When forming is removed, grind off projections on underside of slab and patch
defective areas, including small shallow air pockets where schedule of concrete
finishes requires painting.
Concrete Finishes
E. Type S-5 (Broomed Finish):
1. Finish as specified for Type S-1 floor finish, except omit final burnish and finish
surface by drawing fine-hair broom lightly across surface.
2. Broom in same direction and parallel to expansion joints, or, in the case of
inclined slabs, perpendicular to slope, except for round roof slab, broom surface
in radial direction.
F. Type S-6 (Sidewalk Finish):
1. Slope walks down 1/4 inch per foot away from structures, unless otherwise
shown.
2. Strike off surface by means of strike board and float with wood or cork float to
true plane, then flat steel trowel before brooming.
3. Broom surface at right angles to direction of traffic or as shown.
4. Lay out sidewalk surfaces in blocks, as shown or as directed by Engineer, with

grooving tool.
G. Type S-7 (Finish for Top of Reservoir Roof Slab at Tennis Court Surfacing Areas):
1. Finish as specified for Type S-1 floor finish, except omit final burnish.
2. Following the curing and protection period and prior to tennis court surfacing, the
following additional finishing steps shall be completed.
a. Grind off all projections 1/8 inch or taller within the footprint of the tennis
court surfacing area.
b. All construction joints on the top surface of the slab within the footprint of
the tennis courts shall be ground flush on either side of the joint, and
tapered back to the adjacent slab surface for a distance of 12 inches to either
side of the construction joint.
c. Additional surface preparation and cleaning of the concrete surface as

required by the tennis court surfacing manufacturer.
d. Etching liquids or other abrasive chemicals which could be considered to

impact the integrity of the slab waterstop or reinforcing are not permitted to
be used to clean the concrete slab surfaces.
3.05 CONCRETE CURBS:
A. Float top surface of curb smooth, and finish all discontinuous edges with steel edger.
B. After concrete has taken its initial set, remove front form and give exposed vertical
surface an ordinary wall finish, Type W-1.
Concrete Finishes
3.06 BEAM AND COLUMN FINISHES
A. General: Inject cracks with crack repair epoxy as specified in Section 036423, Crack
Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting. Patch and repair defective areas.
B. Type B-1: Match wall Type W-1.
C. Type B-2: Match wall Type W-2.
D. Type B-3:
1. Repair rock pockets.
2. Fill air voids.
3. Match wall Type W-5.
E. Type C-1: Match wall Type W-1.
F. Type C-2: Match wall Type W-2.
G. Type C-3:
1. Fill air pockets.
2. Match wall Type W-5.
3.07 BACKFILL AGAINST WALLS
A. Do not backfill against walls until concrete has obtained specified 28-day compressive
strength.
B. Refer to General Structural Notes in the Drawings for additional requirements, including
elevated slab and diaphragm completion prior to backfill.
C. Place backfill simultaneously on both sides of wall, where such fill is required, to prevent
differential pressures.
3.08 FINISH SCHEDULE
A. Construct concrete with the finishes specified in the following schedule.
Area Type of Finish

Exterior Wall Surfaces
Above grade/exposed (above a point 6" W-2
below finish grade)
Above grade/covered with brick veneer or W-1
other finish material
Backfilled/waterproofed (below a point 6" W-2
below finish grade)
Concrete Finishes
Area Type of Finish
Backfilled/not waterproofed (below a W-1
point 6" below final grade)
Interior Wall Surfaces
Covered water-holding tanks and W-7
basins/not painted or coated
Buildings, pipe galleries, and other dry W-2
areas/not painted or coated
Exterior Slabs
Roof slab/exposed (w/o tennis court surfacing) S-5
Reservoir roof slab in tennis court surfacing S-7
areas
Stairs and landings S-5
Sidewalks S-6
Other exterior slabs S-5
Top of footings S-2
Interior Slabs
Hydraulic channels and bottom slabs S-1
Underside of elevated slabs S-3
Beams and Columns
Beams/not coated B-2
Columns/not coated C-2
3.09 CLEAR HARDENER APPLICATION (SURFACE APPLIED)
A. Cure, clean, and keep floors dry to receive hardener. Complete work immediately
above floors prior to applying hardener. Apply hardener evenly, using three coats,
allowing 24 hours between coats. Apply hardeners in conformance with the
manufacturer's instructions. After the final coat is completed and dry, remove surplus
hardener from the surface according to the manufacturers instructions.
B. Apply hardener to the surfaces designated in the drawings.
3.10 CONCRETE REPAIR
A. Defective Concrete:
1. Defective concrete is defined in Section 033000, Cast In Place Concrete.
2. Do not repair defects until concrete has been reviewed by the Engineer.
3. Coordinate repair of concrete surfaces with Section 030130, Concrete Repair and
Section 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting.
Concrete Finishes
4. Concrete repairs to produce a concrete surface uniform in color and texture and free
of all irregularities.
B. Crack Repair:
1. Repair concrete cracks in accordance with Section 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy
Injection Grouting.
C. Tie-hole Repair:
1. Repair tie holes in accordance with Section 031000, Concrete Formwork.
END OF SECTION
Concrete Finishes

SECTION 033900 CONCRETE CURING AND PROTECTION
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. This Section describes the methods, materials and quality control procedures for curing
and protecting site-cast concrete.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Section 014333, Manufacturers Field Services.
B. Section 030130, Concrete Repair.
C. Section 031000, Concrete Formwork.
D. Section 032100, Concrete Reinforcement.
E. Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
F. Section 033500, Concrete Finishes.
G. Section 036423, Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting.
1.03 REFERENCES
2. 301: Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete.
4. 305.1: Standard Specification for Hot Weather Concreting.
5. 306.1: Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concreting.
6. 308R: Guide to Curing Concrete.
7. 308.1: Specification for Curing Concrete.
9. 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
10. 350: Code Requirements For Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures.
Curing Concrete
1.04 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit a Concrete Curing and Protection Plan, which outlines the processes, materials,
equipment and backup items which will be implemented by the Contractor in order to
meet the concrete curing and protection requirements of the Work.
B. Submit in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals.
C. Manufacturers Data: Submit manufacturers data for the following items:
1. Evaporation retardant.
2. Curing compound.
3. Other items used by the Contractor and requested by the Engineer.
D. Certifications:
1. Curing Compound Manufacturers Certificate of Compliance showing moisture

retention requirements.
3. Manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation in accordance with

E. Concrete Curing and Protection Plan:
1. The Contractor shall submit a Concrete Curing and Protection Plan for review and
approval by the Engineer, prior to placing any site-cast concrete.
2. The Concrete Curing and Protection Plan shall include a Thermal Control Plan for
the following items.
a. Potable Water Reservoir.
b. Pump Station.
c. Flow Through Planters
d. Other concrete items with a thickness of 24 inches and greater.
3. The submitted Concrete Curing Plan shall include, but is not limited to, the
following items. The Contractor shall provide supplementary items as requested
by the Engineer.
a. Details of the procedures, quality control measures and methods of

monitoring to be used to document that the concrete placed as part of this
and related Sections, has been cured to the requirements of this Section.
Curing Concrete
b. Types of covering, insulation, housing, or heating to be provided.
c. Curing and protection methods and durations to be used methods and their
duration to be used during and following the protection period.
d. Procedures for preventing drying of concrete surfaces during dry, windy

conditions.
e. Detailed plan for curing and protecting concrete during hot weather
conditions as defined by ACI 305.1.
f. Detailed plan for curing and protection during cold weather conditions as
defined by ACI 306.1.
g. Proposed special procedures for protection of concrete during wet weather

conditions.
h. Where a Thermal Control Plan is required, the following additional items

shall be included with the Curing and Protection Plan.
(1) Calculated or adiabatic temperature rise of concrete.
(2) Upper limit for concrete temperature at time of placement.
(3) Description of specific measures and equipment that will be used to

ensure maximum temperature in placement will not exceed specific
maximum temperature limit.
(4) Calculated maximum temperature in placement based on expected

conditions at time of placement and use of proposed measures to
control temperatures.
(5) Description of specific measures and equipment that will be used to

ensure temperature difference will not exceed specified temperature
difference limits.
(6) Calculated maximum temperature difference in placement based on

expected conditions at time of placement and use of proposed
measures to control temperature differences.
(7) Description and cut sheets for equipment and procedures that will be
used to monitor and log temperatures and temperature differences
throughout the curing and protection period.
(8) Drawings showing locations for temperature sensors in placements..
(9) Description of format and frequency of providing temperature data to

Engineer.
(10) Description of measures to address and reduce excessive temperature

differences, if and when they occur.
Curing Concrete
(11) Description of formwork removal procedures to ensure temperature
difference at temporarily exposed surface will not exceed temperature
difference limit, and how curing and protection will be maintained.
i. All information, data, temperature or similar readings and observations obtained as

part of the approved Concrete Curing and Protection Plan shall be submitted to the
Engineer on a weekly basis, unless a different mutually agreed upon interval is
selected.
j. If concrete design mixture is changed the Curing and Protection Plan, including
where applicable the Thermal Control Plan, shall be updated and resubmitted for
review by the Engineer.
A. Concrete curing and protection shall conform to ACI 301, ACI 305.1, 305R, 306.1, 306R,
308.1, and 308R, except as modified herein.
B. The Contractor is responsible for quality control of the concrete curing requirements.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard. Concrete, including fly ash, is only
permitted to be in contact with potable water, when this documentation has been
submitted and approved by the Engineer.
2.02 WATER FOR CURING CONCRETE
A. Water used for curing shall be potable water unless alternative sources of water are
permitted in writing by the Engineer.
B. Water shall be free from injurious amounts of oil, acid, alkali, salt, organic matter, or
other deleterious substances and shall conform to requirements of ASTM C94.
C. Water from alternative sources shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C1602/C
1602M, and shall contain less than:
1. 500 ppm of chlorides.
2. 300 ppm sulfate as SO4.
3. 600 ppm alkalis as (Na2O + 0.658 K2O).
Curing Concrete
4. Total solids by mass less than 50,000 ppm.
2.03 CURING COMPOUND
A. Water-based, high solids content non-yellowing curing compound shall meet

requirements of ASTM C309 and ASTM C1315, and shall:
1. Be applied in liquid form by spray gun or equivalent method which will form an
impervious membrane over a concrete surface.
2. ASTM C309 Type I, Class A or B, having 18 percent minimum solids content.
3. Moisture Loss: 0.40 kilogram (kg)/square meter (sq. m)/72 hours

maximum.
4. Capable of meeting moisture retention at manufacturers specified

application rate.
B. Products:
1. BASF Building Systems; Kure 1315.
2. W. R. Meadows, Inc.; VOCOMP-30.
3. Dayton Superior Corp; Safe Cure and Seal 30 percent.
2.04 EVAPORATION RETARDANT
A. Optional: Fluorescent color tint that disappears completely on drying.
1. Master Builders Co., Cleveland, OH; Confilm.
2. Euclid Chemical Co., Cleveland, OH; Eucobar.
2.05 BURLAP MATS
A. Shall conform to AASHTO M182.
2.06 SISAL-KRAFT PAPER AND POLYETHYLENE SHEETS FOR CURING
A. Shall conform to ASTM C171.
2.07 GEOTEXTILE
A. As required by Section 312300, Excavation and Fill.
Curing Concrete
2.08 CONCRETE TEMPERATURE MONITORING EQUIPMENT
A. Equipment used to monitor concrete temperature during the curing period shall
consist of electronic equipment capable of continuously monitoring and logging
the temperature of the concrete, embedded in the concrete at the locations .
B. As a minimum the equipment shall consist of an enclosed, battery operated logger

embedded in the concrete, attached wires extending to and from the surface of the
concrete, and a handheld reader that can be attached to the wires and logger data
downloaded.
C. Manufacturers:
1. intelliRock System, by Engius.
2. The Command Center Maturity System, by the Transtec Group, Inc.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. Concrete curing shall consist of implementing one of the Methods listed in Part 3.02, for
the defined duration, while adhering to the thermal, hot weather and cold weather limits
and monitoring requirements.
B. The protection period shall include the curing duration plus the time following curing for
the concrete surface temperature to adjust to within 20 degrees F of atmospheric
temperature, while simultaneously adhering to the thermal requirements of Part 3.03.
C. Protect concrete from premature drying, hot or cold temperatures, temperature

differentials, thermal shock and mechanical injury, beginning immediately after
placement and through the duration of the curing and protection period defined above.
D. Where water curing is used, the concrete surface shall have set adequately to resist
erosion of the cement paste layer over the duration of the curing period or absorbtive
surface coverings, such as burlap or geotextile, shall be installed.
E. Comply with curing procedures set forth in ACI 301, ACI 308, and as specified herein.
3.02 CONCRETE CURING METHODS
A. Use one of the following concrete curing methods, as approved by the Engineer.
1. Hydraulic Structures: Slabs placed on ground.
a. Method 1: Leave forms in place and keep all surfaces of forms and concrete
continuously wet with water for a period of 7 days.
b. Method 2: Cover exposed concrete surfaces with burlap or cotton mats and
keep continuously wet with water for a period of 7 days.
Curing Concrete
c. Where the thickness of concrete is greater than or equal to 24 inches, the
duration of curing shall be increased to 14 days.
2. Hydraulic Structures: Walls and elevated slabs.
a. Method 1: Leave concrete forms in place and keep all surfaces of forms and
concrete continuously wet with water for a period of 7 days.
b. Method 2: Same as Method 1, but after removal of forms in accordance

with Section 031000, Concrete Formwork, continue to keep all concrete
surfaces wet for the duration of curing.
c. Where the thickness of concrete is greater than or equal to 24 inches, the

duration of curing shall be increased to 14 days.
3. Hydraulic Structures: Columns.
b. Method 2: Same as Method 1, but after removal of forms in accordance

with Section 031000, Concrete Formwork, wrap column full height with
geotextile and saturate all surfaces with water for the duration of the curing
period.
4. Hydraulic Structures: Elevated slabs with and without beams and curbs.
b. Method 2: Cover with burlap or cotton mats and keep continuously wet for
7 days.
5. Non-Hydraulic Structures: Slabs and footings on ground.
a. Method 1 or 2 for hydraulic structure slabs on ground.
b. Method 3: Apply curing compound to exposed concrete surfaces.
6. Non-Hydraulic Structures: Walls and elevated slabs.
a. Method 1 or 2 for walls of hydraulic structures.
b. Method 3: Apply curing compound to exposed concrete surfaces.
c. Method 3: Apply curing compound, when allowed by Section 031000,

Concrete Formwork, immediately after removal of forms.
7. Where water curing for slabs during cold weather is not possible, use only
Engineer approved curing compound at manufacturers recommended coverage
per gallon.
Curing Concrete
B. Use only water curing on hydraulic structures.
C. Use only water curing where additional finishes such as clear sealer, hardeners, painting,
waterproofing, or other special coatings are required.
D. Concrete required to be wet cured shall remain wet for the entire duration of the cure.
Repeated wetting and drying cycles of the curing process will not be allowed and will be
cause for rejection of the Work at no additional cos to the Owner.
3.03 THERMAL REQUIREMENTS
A. The maximum concrete temperature in the placements made for each day shall not be
permitted to exceed 158 degrees F.
B. The maximum temperature differential between the center of the section and external
surfaces of the concrete shall not exceed 35 degrees F during the curing period.
C. Temperature difference between exterior surface of concrete and adjacent air temperature
shall not exceed 35 degrees F during the curing period.
D. The maximum decrease in temperature, measured at the surface of the concrete, in a

24-hour period shall not exceed the following:
Table 033900-1
Concrete member thickness <12 12-36 36-72 >72
Permitted decrease in 24-hours 50-deg F 40-deg F 30-deg F 20-deg F
E. At no point during the curing and protection period shall the concretes temperature be
permitted to be less than 40 degrees F, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
F. Cure water, formwork, shades, heaters and other items used during the curing and
protection period shall only be removed such that the concrete surface temperature is not
permitted to drop faster than 5 degrees F in a 1-hour period, nor more than the 24 hour
limits listed in Table 033900-1.
G. Additional thermal requirements apply during hot weather and cold weather concreting.
Curing Concrete
3.04 TEMPERATURE MONITORING
A. Install thermometers and their components to monitor the ambient air temperature and the
temperatures of representative samples of the concrete Work.
B. A representative sample of work is considered to be each type of placement made in a

single. For example one slab, wall, column or beam placement made in a single day shall
have temperature monitoring devices installed.
C. Each representative sample of Work shall have thermometers placed at the following four
locations:
1. Geometric Center (plan or elevation):
a. Maximum and minimum thermometer reading at midpoint of the concrete

member thickness.
b. Maximum and minimum thermometer reading 2 inches below the concrete

surface.
2. One (1) foot from the corner or edge if no corner exists:
a. Maximum and minimum thermometer reading at midpoint of the concrete

member thickness.
b. Maximum and minimum thermometer reading 2 inches below the concrete

surface.
D. Atmospheric and concrete temperatures shall be recorded a minimum of every 12 hours

during the curing and protection period, unless otherwise required by the Engineer.
3.05 HOT WEATHER CONCRETING
A. Provide for windbreaks, shading, fog spraying, sprinkling, ice, wet cover, or other means
as necessary to maintain concrete at or below specified temperatures.
B. During hot weather, give proper attention to ingredients, production methods, handling,
placing, protection, and curing to prevent excessive concrete temperatures or water
evaporation in accordance with ACI 305R and the following:
1. When the weather is such that the temperature of the concrete as placed would
exceed 85 degrees F, use ice or other means of cooling the concrete during mixing
and transportation so that the temperature of the concrete as placed will not
exceed 85 degrees F.
C. The permitted temperature change in a 24 hour period listed in Table 033900-1 shall be
further limited to the value shown, or 40 degrees F, whichever is less.
D. Take precautions when placing concrete during hot, dry weather to eliminate early setting
of concrete. This includes protection of reinforcing from direct sunlight to prevent
Curing Concrete
heating of reinforcing, placing concrete during cooler hours of the day, and the proper
and timely application of specified curing methods.
E. No additional reimbursement will be made to the Contractor for costs incurred for
placing concrete in hot weather.
3.06 COLD WEATHER CONCRETING
A. Provide adequate equipment for heating concrete, forms, ground and other materials
during freezing or near-freezing weather in accordance with ACI 306R and to meet the
thermal requirements herein.
B. When cold weather conditions are anticipated to exist during the curing and protection
period, as defined by ACI 306.1, use heated mixing water and/or aggregates as required
by Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
C. Maintain the air and the forms in contact with the concrete at temperatures above 40
degrees F for the first 7 days after placement, and above 35 degrees F for the remainder
of the curing and period.
D. External Heating Units: When required by this Section, ACI 306.1, 306R, or the
Engineer, the external heating units shall be configured, installed and operated to meet
the following requirements:
1. Vent heating units to atmosphere and do not locally heat or dry concrete.
2. Where water cure is specified, maintain wet conditions on concrete surfaces.
3. Do not exhaust heater flue gases directly into enclosed areas.
4. Do not direct heated air directly onto concrete surfaces.
E. No additional reimbursement will be made to the Contractor for costs incurred for
placing concrete during cold weather.
3.07 EVAPORATOIN RETARDANT APPLICATION
A. Spray onto surface of fresh flatwork concrete immediately after screeding to react with
surface moisture.
B. Reapply as needed to ensure a continuous moist surface until final finishing is completed.
A. Provide manufacturers representative at Site, for installation assistance, inspection, and

certification of proper installation for products specified.
B. Provide curing compound manufacturers representative to demonstrate proper

application of curing compound to show coverage in one coat.
Curing Concrete
A. Special inspection, testing, and professional observation shall be provided by the Owner
END OF SECTION
Curing Concrete

SECTION 034818 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE VAULTS
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. This Section includes materials, design, and installation of factory-built precast reinforced
concrete underground vaults.
1.02 REFERENCES
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):
1. HB: Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.
2. M198: Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box
Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants.
B. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
1. 318: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.
C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
1. C31: Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field.
2. C33: Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
3. C39: Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
4. C143: Test method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete.
5. C150: Specification for Portland Cement.
6. C172: Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete.
7. C192: Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
8. C231: Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure
Method.
9. C260: Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
10. C494: Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
11. C857: Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast
Concrete Utility Structures.
12. C858: Specification for Underground Precast Utility Chambers.
13. C1064: Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete.
Precast Reinforced Concrete Vaults

14. D75: Practice for Sampling Aggregates.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
A. Shop Drawings: Submit the following in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals:
1. Completely detailed shop drawings for precast concrete vaults. Indicate all
dimensions, details, reinforcing steel, inserts, connections, openings, and lifting
devices. Mark each component for identification. Show mark on erection plan and
place legibly on unit at time of manufacture.
B. Drawings of modifications or changes in features or details, which are necessitated by design

requirements. Make such modifications without additional compensation.
C. Do not fabricate precast concrete vaults before shop drawings are accepted by the Engineer.
D. Submit manufacturers design calculations and certification signed and sealed by a

Professional Civil or Structural Engineer stating that vault design and construction comply
with the specified codes, design load conditions, materials, and geometry. Calculations shall
include precast lid lifting lugs.
E. Submittals not meeting the specification requirements (e.g., minimum thickness, minimum
clear cover, reinforcement and concrete material requirements, design load conditions) will
be rejected.
A. Vault design and construction shall comply with the specified design load conditions, ACI
318, ASTM C858, and as specified.
A. Store vaults on clean blocking, off the ground, and protected from rain and ground splatter.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE VAULTS
A. Manufacturers:
1. Oldcastle Precast, Inc.
2. Shea Concrete Products Inc.
B. Materials:
1. Minimum concrete compressive strength of 5,000 psi at 28 days conforming to Section

033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.

2. Portland cement: ASTM C150, Type II.
3. Coarse aggregate and sand conforming to Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
4. Steel reinforcement conforming to ASTM A615, Grade 60.
5. Water: Potable.
6. Provide air entraining and water reducing concrete admixtures as specified in

Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
7. Butyl rubber-based sealants conforming to AASHTO M198, Type B, but with no

bitumen content.
8. Non-Shrink Grout:
a. BASF Chemical Company; Masterflow 713 Plus.
b. The Euclid Chemical Co.; Euco NS Grout.
c. Sika Corporation; SikaGrout 212.
d. Or acceptable equivalent product.Design Criteria
9. Applicable design standards, guidelines and structural design criteria shall be as

required by Section 014120, Structural Design Criteria.
10. Additionally the requirements of ACI 318 shall be met.
11. Design precast reinforced concrete vaults that have a bottom slab to withstand internal
hydrostatic loading. Assume internal fluid level to be at the top of the vault. Provide
design based upon an equivalent fluid pressure of 65 pounds per cubic foot.
12. Design and install vaults that have a bottom slab to withstand hydrostatic uplift caused
by a groundwater elevation at grade level. Use only the weight of the vault and hold-
down slab to resist hydrostatic uplift with a minimum safety factory of 1.15. Do not
include side friction of soil on walls.
13. Walls and floor slab: minimum thickness as shown in the Drawings. Cast lower wall
section and floor slab together in one placement. Provide 2-inch minimum clear cover
to reinforcement.
14. Precast reinforced concrete vault roof: minimum thickness as shown in the Drawings.
Provide 2-inch minimum clear cover to reinforcement.
15. Provide precast reinforced concrete vault as indicated in the drawings. Provide a
watertight vault enclosure for vaults with concrete floors; including sumps as
indicated.
16. Fabricate precast reinforced concrete vault in sections as required for installation.

17. Provide pipe sleeves with water stops, rubber pipe boots, or other devices at pipe
penetrations as indicated.
18. Provide embedded items (e.g., access hatches, grating supports) as shown in the
Drawings.
2.02 ENTRANCE HATCHES
A. Provide access hatches, as per Section 055300, Metal Grating, Cover Plates, and Access
Hatches.
2.03 ACCESS LADDERS
A. Provide hot-dipped galvanized steel, as per Section 055000, Miscellaneous Metals.
2.04 ALUMINUM GRATING
A. Aluminum grating shall be as shown in the Drawings. Supporting frame shall be integrally
cast in the precast slab as shown in the Drawings.
2.05 PRECAST LID LIFTING LUGS
A. Precast lid lifting lugs shall be integrally cast for the removable precast lids.
B. Precast lifting lugs shall be Type 316 stainless steel; designed to resist loads resulting from
lifting the removable precast lids.
C. Include a minimum of four lifting lugs for each removable precast lid.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 INSTALLATION
A. Install precast reinforced concrete vault, and related appurtenances in accordance with
B. Place precast reinforced concrete vault onto level prepared bedding as indicated. Provide
uniform bearing over entire base of vault.
C. Seal all joints inside and out with specified sealant to ensure joints are waterproof.
D. Backfill vault excavation uniformly and in such a manner so as not to damage the vault.
END OF SECTION

SECTION 036000 GROUT
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION
A. Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals required, and install grout
complete as shown in the Drawings and as specified herein.
1.02 RELATED WORK
A. Structural Tests and Inspections: 014533.
B. Contract Closeout: 017700
C. Structural Steel: 051200.
D. Miscellaneous Metal: 055000.
E. Miscellaneous Site Metal Work: 055010.
F. Ladders: 055120.
G. Pipe Hangers and Supports: 400764
1.03 REFERENCE STANDARDS
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):
1. M182: Burlap Cloth made from Jute or Kenaf.
B. American Petroleum Institute (API):
1. RP 686: Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation

Design.
C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
1. C33: Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
2. C150: Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
3. C531: Test Method for Linear Shrinkage and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
of Chemical Resistant Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings.
4. C827: Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical
Specimens from Cementitious Mixes.
5. C1107: Standard Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic, Cement Grout

(Non-shrink).
Grout
Section No. 036000 - 1
6. D695: Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics.
D. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Standard (CRD):
1. C621: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Specification for Non-Shrink Grout.
1.04 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit the items Specified below in accordance with Section 013300, Submittals.
B. Product Data:
1. Commercially manufactured non-shrink, non-metallic cementitious grout:
a. Include catalogue cuts, technical data, storage requirements, product life,

working time after mixing, temperature considerations, conformity to
referenced ASTM standards, and Material Safety Data Sheet.
2. Commercially manufactured non-shrink epoxy grout:

referenced ASTM Standards and Material Safety Data Sheet.
3. Cement grout:
a. Include the type and brand of the cement, the gradation of the fine
aggregate, product data on any proposed admixtures, and the proposed mix
of the grout.
4. Concrete grout:
a. Include submittal items for cast in place concrete as required by Section

033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
5. Bonding Agent:

referenced ASTM standards and Material Safety Data Sheet.
C. Laboratory Test Reports:
1. Submit laboratory test data as required under Section 033000, Cast-In-Place

Concrete, for concrete to be used as concrete grout.
D. Mill test reports for each shipment of cement, regardless of quantity, prior to
incorporation into the work.
Grout
E. Manufacturer's specifications and instructions for all admixtures, curing materials,
adjustable inserts and non-shrink non-metallic grout. Manufacturers certification of
compatibility of all admixtures.
F. Certifications:
A. Qualifications:
1. Grout manufacturer to have a minimum of 5 years of experience in the production

and use of the type of grout proposed for the Work.
B. Field Testing:
1. Field testing and inspection services required will be provided by the Owner.
Provide assistance in the sampling of materials and provide any ladders,
platforms, etc. for access to the Work. Comply with the applicable ASTM
Standards for testing.
2. The field testing of concrete grout will be as specified for concrete in

Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
3. Take compression test specimens from the first placement of each type of grout to
ensure compliance with these Specifications.
a. Compression tests and fabrication of specimens for cement grout and non-
shrink grout will be performed as specified in ASTM C109 at intervals
during construction as selected by the Engineer. A set of three specimens
will be made for testing at 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days.
b. Compression tests and fabrication of specimens for epoxy grout will be

performed as specified in ASTM C579, Method B. A set of three specimens
will be made for testing at 7 days.
1.06 RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Assist the Owner in obtaining specimens for testing and furnish all materials necessary
for fabricating the test specimens.
B. The cost of laboratory tests on grout will be paid by the Owner except where test results
show the grout to be defective. In such case, the Contractor shall pay for the tests,
removal and replacement of defective work, and re-testing, all at no cost to the Owner.
Grout
1.07 WARRANTY
A. Warrant the materials and products specified in this Section against defective materials
and workmanship with the manufacturers standard warranty, but for no less than
1 year from the date of substantial completion.
B. Warrant the work against defects for 1 year from the date of substantial completion.
A. Deliver materials to the Project site in original, unopened packages, clearly labeled with
the manufacturer's name, product identification, batch numbers, and printed
instructions.
B. Store materials in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Total storage

time from date of manufacture to date of installation shall be limited to 6 months or the
manufacturer's recommended storage time, whichever is less.
C. Reject material that becomes damp, lumpy, or otherwise unacceptable, and immediately
remove from the Project site and replace with acceptable material at no cost to the
Owner.
D. Deliver non-shrink cement based grouts as pre-blended, prepackaged mixes requiring

only the addition of water.
E. Deliver non-shrink epoxy grouts as premeasured, prepackaged, three-component

systems requiring only blending, as directed by the manufacturer.
1.09 SERVICES OF MANUFACTURER'S REPRESENTATIVE
A. The Contractor shall provide the services of a qualified manufacturer's technical

representative, who shall instruct the Contractor's personnel in the mixing, proper use,
and application of the non-shrink grout and epoxy grout.
B. The manufacturer's representative shall provide written certification that materials have
been mixed and applied properly and ensure that surfaces to receive these products
have been prepared properly, in conformance with manufacturer's requirements.
C. The on-site time required for the manufacturer's representative to achieve a successful
installation shall be at the expense of the Contractor.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
A. In accordance with the State of Oregons, Oregon health Authority Department of

certification.
Grout
provided under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard. Concrete, including fly
ash, is only permitted to be in contact with potable water, when this documentation has
been submitted and approved by the Engineer.
2.02 GENERAL
A. Provide materials produced by one manufacturer or supplier to provide standardization

of appearance.
2.03 APPLICATION
A. Unless indicated otherwise, provide grouts as listed below.
Table 036000-1
Type of Grout Application
Non-Shrink Class I Storage tanks and other non-motorized equipment
Filling block-out spaces for embedded items, such as
railing posts, and gate guide frames (where placement
time is less than 20 minutes)
Non-Shrink Class II Column base plates
Filling block-out spaces for embedded items, such as
railing posts, and gate guide frames (where placement
time exceeds 20 minutes)
Under precast concrete elements.
Non-Shrink Epoxy Machinery subject to severe shock loads and high
vibration
Concrete Grout Toppings and concrete/grout fill
2.04 MATERIALS
A. Non-shrink Class I Grout:
1. Non-shrink Class I Grout shall have a minimum 28-day compressive strength of

5000 psi, when mixed at a fluid consistency.
2. Non-shrink Class I grout shall meet the requirements of ASTM C1107, Grade B
or C, when mixed to fluid, flowable and plastic consistencies.
3. Products:
a. Sika Corp.; SikaGrout 212.
b. Master Builders, Inc.; Set Grout.
c. The Euclid Chemical Co.; Euco NS.
d. Or acceptable equivalent product.
Grout
B. Non-shrink Class II Grout:
1. Non-shrink Class II grout shall be a high precision, fluid, extended working time
grout. The minimum 28-day compressive strength shall be 7,500 psi, when mixed
at a fluid consistency.
2. Non-shrink Class II grout shall have an extended working time of 30 minutes

minimum when mixed to a fluid consistency as defined in ASTM C827 at
temperature extremes of 45 to 90 degrees F in accordance with ASTM C1107.
3. Non-shrink Class II grout shall meet the requirements of ASTM C1107; Grade B
or C when tested using the amount of water needed to achieve fluid consistency
per ASTM C939.
4. Non-shrink Class II grout when tested shall not bleed or segregate at maximum
allowed water.
5. Products:
a. Master Builders, Inc.; Masterflow 928.
b. The Euclid Chemical Co.; Hi-Flow Grout.
c. Sika Corp.; SikaGrout 212.
C. Non-shrink Epoxy-based Grout:
1. Provide a pre-proportioned, three-component, 100 percent solids system

consisting of epoxy resin, hardener, and blended aggregate. It will have a
compressive strength of 14,000 psi in 7 days when tested in conformity with
ASTM D695 and will have a maximum thermal expansion of 30 by 10-6 when
tested in conformity with ASTM C531.
2. Products:
a. Ceilcote 648 CP by Master Builders, Inc.
b. Five Star Epoxy Grout by U.S. Grout Corp.
c. Sikadur 42 Grout-Pak by Sika Corp.
d. High Strength Epoxy Grout by the Euclid Chemical Co.
e. Or acceptable equivalent product.
Grout
D. Concrete Grout:
1. Concrete grout shall conform to the requirements of Slurry Concrete as specified

in Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.
E. Dry Pack Grout:
1. Make dry pack (to be packed or tamped in place) at no slump consistency.
2. When mixing the batch, add only enough water to the dry materials to produce a
rather stiff mixture. Additions of water may be made in small increments until
the desired consistency is obtained.
F. Non-epoxy Bonding Compound:
1. Provide non-epoxy bonding compound that is re-wetable for up to 2 weeks.
2. Products:
a. Larsen Products Corp.; Weldcrete.
b. Sta-Dry Manufacturing Corp.; Link.
c. Euclid Chemical Co.; Euco Weld.
2.05 CURING MATERIALS
A. Curing materials for Non-shrink Class I, Non-shrink Class II and Epoxy Grout shall be
as recommended by the manufacturer of the prepackaged grouts.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. Grout shall not be placed until base concrete has attained its design strength, unless
authorized otherwise by the Engineer.
B. Shade Project work sites from sunlight for at least 24 hours before and 48 hours after
grouting.
C. Contact the grout manufacturer's representative for assistance on hot and cold weather
grouting techniques and precautions, if applicable.
D. Where prepackaged grouts are used, the manufacturers surface preparation,

installation, curing, protection and testing requirements shall apply, except where
modified by this Section.
Grout
3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION
A. Clean concrete surfaces to receive grout so that they are free of ice, frost, dirt, grease,
oil, curing compounds, laitance, and paints, and free of all loose or unsound material or
foreign matter that may affect the bond or performance of the grout.
B. Roughen concrete surfaces by chipping, sandblasting, or other mechanical means to

ensure bond of the grout to the concrete. Remove loose or broken concrete. Irregular
voids or projecting coarse aggregate need not be removed if they are sound, free of
laitance, and firmly embedded into the parent concrete. Amplitude of the roughened
concrete surface shall be 1/4 inch, unless recommended otherwise by the prepackaged
grout manufacturer.
C. Remove all loose rust, oil, or other deleterious substances from metal embedments prior
to the installation of the grout.
D. Wash concrete surfaces clean and, except for epoxy grout, saturate the concrete surface
with potable water for at least 24 hours prior to the placement of grout. Saturate by
covering the prepared concrete surface with a plastic sheet, using a soaker hose,
flooding the surface, or other method acceptable to the Engineer. Remove visible water
from the surface on completion of the 24-hour period and just prior to grouting. Use an
accepted adhesive bonding agent in lieu of surface saturation when accepted by the
Engineer for each specific location of grout installation.
E. Epoxy-based grouts do not require the saturation of the concrete substrate. Surfaces in
contact with epoxy grout shall be completely dry before grouting.
F. Construct grout forms or other leak-proof containment. Forms shall be lined or coated
with release agents as recommended by the grout manufacturer.
G. Support equipment during alignment and installation of grout by shims, wedges,

blocks, or other accepted means. Prevent the shims, wedges, and blocking devices
from bonding to the grout by appropriate bond breaking coatings, and remove them
after grouting unless otherwise accepted by the Engineer.
3.03 MIXING, INSTALLATION AND CURING
A. Non-shrink Cementitious Grouts:
1. Mix in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Do not add cement,

sand, pea gravel, or admixtures without prior approval by the grout manufacturer
and the Engineer.
2. Place grout into the designated areas in a manner that will avoid segregation or
entrapment of air. Do not vibrate grout to release air or to consolidate the
material. Placement should proceed in a manner that will ensure the filling of all
spaces and will provide full contact between the grout and adjoining surfaces.
Provide grout holes and air evacuation holes in base plates, as necessary.
3. Place grout rapidly and continuously to avoid cold joints,
Grout
4. Do not place cement grouts in layers.
5. Do not add additional water to the mix (re-temper) after initial stiffening.
6. Just before the grout reaches its final set, cut back the grout to the substrate at a
45-degree angle from the lower edge of bearing plate unless otherwise accepted
by the Engineer.
7. Begin curing immediately after form removal, cutback, and finishing. Keep grout
moist and within its recommended placement temperature range for at least
24 hours after placement or longer, if recommended by the manufacturer.
B. Non-shrink Epoxy Grouts:
1. Mix in accordance with the procedures recommended by the manufacturer. Do

not vary the ratio of components or add solvent to change the consistency of the
grout mix. Do not over-mix. Mix full batches only to maintain proper
proportions of resin, hardener, and aggregate. Partial mixes will be rejected and
will require the suspect grout to be removed and be replaced.
2. Monitor ambient weather conditions and contact the grout manufacturer for
special placement procedures to be used for temperatures below 60 degrees F or
above 90 degrees F.
3. Place grout into the designated areas in a manner that will avoid trapping air.
Placement methods shall ensure the filling of all spaces and provide full contact
between the grout and adjoining surfaces. Provide grout holes as necessary.
4. The extension of grout horizontally beyond base plate shall be less than or equal
to the grout thickness.
5. Epoxy grouts are self-curing and do not require the application of water.
Maintain the formed grout within its recommended placement temperature range
for at least 24 hours after placing, or longer if recommended by the manufacturer.
C. Concrete Grout:
1. Provide the underlying concrete surface with a broomed finish. Protect and keep
the surface clean until placement of concrete grout.
2. Remove the debris and clean the surface of all dirt and other foreign materials.
3. Saturate the concrete surface for at least 24 hours prior to placement of the
concrete grout. Remove excess water just prior to placement of the concrete
grout. Place a cement slurry immediately ahead of the concrete grout so that the
slurry is moist when the grout is placed. Work the slurry over the surface with a
stiff bristle broom until it is coated with approximately 1/16- to 1/8-inch-thick
cement paste.
Grout
D. Dry Pack:
1. Dry pack consistency shall be such that the grout is plastic and moldable but will
not flow.
2. The use of pneumatic pressure for dry-packed grouting requires acceptance of the
Engineer.
A. Provide manufacturers representative at Site, for installation assistance, inspection, and

certification of proper installation for products specified.
A. Special inspection, testing, and professional observation shall be provided by the

Owner as indicated in the Statement of Special Inspection Plan in the Drawings and in
END OF SECTION
Grout
Section No. 036000 - 10
SECTION 036300 CONCRETE DOWELING
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 REFERENCES
1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
a. C881/C881M, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding

Systems for Concrete.
b. E488, Standard Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concrete and

Masonry Elements.
3. International Code Council (ICC): Evaluation Services Report.
4. NSF International, Drinking Water System Components Health Effects,

NSF/ANSI Standard 61.
1.02 DEFINITIONS
A. ICC Evaluation Services Report for concrete anchor manufacturers.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
1. Product Data: Manufacturers catalog information.
1. Manufacturers instructions for preparation, placement, drilling of holes, installation

of anchors and adhesive, and handling of cartridges, nozzles, and equipment.
2. ICC Evaluation Services Report:
a. Doweling system manufacturer.
b. Detailed step-by-step instructions for Special Inspection procedure.
3. Manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation, in accordance with Section

014333, Manufacturers Field Services.
4. Signed statement that materials in contact with potable water are NSF 61 certified.
Concrete Doweling
A. Qualifications:
1. Manufacturer: at least three similar projects with same products within the last
3 years.
A. Store adhesive cartridges and adhesive components on pallets or shelving in a covered

storage area.
B. Store at temperatures as indicated in manufacturers literature and ICC Evaluation

Services Report.
C. Dispose of when:
1. Shelf life has expired.
2. Stored other than per manufacturers instructions.
D. Container Markings: include manufacturers name, product name, product expiration

date, ANSI hazard classification, and appropriate ANSI handling precautions.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
2.01 ADHESIVE
A. Disposable, self-contained cartridge system capable of dispensing both components in the

proper mixing ratio and that fit into manually or pneumatically operated caulking gun.
B. Meet requirements of ASTM C881/C881M.
C. Capsule-type anchor material shall not be used.
D. Two-component, insensitive to moisture, designed to be installed in adverse freeze/thaw

environments.
E. Cure Temperature, Pot Life, and Workability: compatible for intended use and
anticipated environmental conditions.
F. Mixed Adhesive: non-sag light paste consistency with ability to remain in a 1-inch
diameter overhead drilled hole without run-out.
G. Adhesive anchor system used in concrete shall be approved by ICC Evaluation Services
Report for use in cracked concrete and for short and long-term loads, including wind and
earthquake.
H. No fast set products may be used. Wedge or undercut anchors approved for use in
cracked concrete shall be used for sustained direct tension applications such as overhead
Concrete Doweling
or cantilevered conditions. Adhesive anchors meeting the requirements of ICC-ES
AC308 in long-term creep may be used for direct tension only where approved by
Engineer.
I. Manufacturers:
1. Use the following products for potable water holding and non-potable water holding
structures:
a. Products as specified for post installed anchors in Section 055000,

Miscellaneous Metal.
2.02 REINFORCING DOWELS
A. As specified in Section 032100, Concrete Reinforcement.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. Install adhesives for small quantity doweling in accordance with manufacturers

recommended instructions.
B. Dispense components through specially designed static cartridge mixing nozzle that
thoroughly mixes components and places mixed adhesive at base of predrilled hole.
3.02 DOWEL SIZING AND INSTALLATION
A. Install as per adhesive manufacturers instructions.
B. Drilling Equipment:
1. Drilling Hammers for Dowel Holes: electric or pneumatic rotary type with medium
or light impact.
2. Hollow drills with flushing air systems are preferred.
3. Where edge distances are less than 2 inches, use low-impact equipment or drills to
prevent microcracking and concrete spalling during drilling process.
C. Hole Diameter: use drill bit diameter meeting ICC Evaluation Services Report
requirements and as recommended by the manufacturer.
D. Obstructions in Drill Path:
1. When existing reinforcing steel is encountered during drilling, re-drill hole 1 inch
from original location, beginning in same line at surface, redirecting drill to miss
reinforcing steel. Coordinate new hole location with proposed attachment base prior
to installation of anchor.
Concrete Doweling
2. When using epoxy anchors, dowels may be pre-bent prior to installation to 15
degrees, to align with other bars. Do not heat dowels to bend.
3. Bent Bar Dowels: where edge distances are critical and striking reinforcing steel is
likely, drill hole at 10-degree angle or less and use pre-bent reinforcing bars.
A. Dowel Testing:
1. Dowel testing shall be in accordance with ASTM E488.
2. Test dowels at one per every 50 dowels and at least one per each application type at
each location.
3. Dowels shall be tested to specified yield strength of reinforcing bar.
4. Testing apparatus shall not interfere with development of concrete failure cone at
dowel.
5. Testing shall occur only after adhesive has achieved proper cure per manufacturers
requirements.
6. Failure of reinforcing bar or of base concrete will cause dowel to be rejected. For
each rejected dowel, additional dowel shall be tested. Rejected dowels shall be
reinstalled in sound concrete and retested.
7. If yield strength of reinforcing bar cannot be achieved when tested, manufacturers

representative shall recommend revised installation procedures or adhesive
products. Modified installations must be tested at same frequency as specified
herein.
B. Special Inspection:
1. Special Inspection will be on-site during dowel installation.
2. Special Inspector will observe installation in accordance with requirements of ICC

Evaluation Services Report and will submit report containing the:
a. Drill bit compliance.
b. Hole depth and cleanliness.
c. Product description: product name, rod diameter and length.
d. Adhesive expiration date.
e. Verification of dowel installation in accordance with manufacturers

published instructions.
Concrete Doweling
3.05 MANUFACTURERS FIELD SERVICES
A. Provide manufacturers representative at Project site in accordance with Section 014333,

Manufacturers Field Services, for installation assistance, inspection, and certification of
proper installation.
END OF SECTION
Concrete Doweling

SECTION 036423 CRACK REPAIR EPOXY INJECTION GROUTING
PART 1 -- GENERAL
1.01 REFERENCES
1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

T237, Standard Method of Test for Testing Epoxy Resin Adhesive.
2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
a. C882, Standard Specification for Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin
System Used with Concrete by Slant Shear.
b. D570, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics.
c. D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
d. D648, Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics under Flexural
Load in the Edgewise Position.
e. D695, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics.
f. D790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and

Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials.
1.02 DEFINITIONS
A. Crack: complete or incomplete separation of concrete into two or more parts produced by
breaking or fracturing.
B. Crack Injection: method of sealing or repairing cracks by injecting a polymer.
C. Large Cracks: wider than 0.008 inch, inject all.
D. Moderate Cracks: width greater than or equal to 0.005 inch and less than 0.008 inch,
inject leaking cracks.
E. Small Cracks: width equal to 0.005 inch or less. Repair leaking cracks per method
approved by Engineer if unable to inject.
1.03 SUBMITTALS
1. Physical and chemical properties for epoxy adhesives.
2. Technical data for metering, mixing, and injection equipment.
Crack Repair Epoxy Injection Grouting

3. Drawings and photos of proposed injection locations. Do not proceed with injection
until review by Engineer is complete.
holds a current national Sanitation Foundation Standard 61 certification. The
1. Manufacturers recommended surface preparation procedures and application

instructions for epoxy adhesives.
2. Installation instructions for repairing core holes with epoxy grout.
3. Manufacturers Certificate of Compliance: certified test results for each batch of

epoxy adhesive.
4. Statements of Qualification for Epoxy Adhesive:
a. Manufacturers site representative.
b. Injection applicator.
c. Injection pump operating technician.
5. Epoxy adhesive two component ratio and injection pressure test records for concrete
crack repair work.
A. Qualifications for Epoxy Injection Staff:
1. Manufacturers site representative:
a. Capable of instructing successful methods for restoring concrete structures utilizing

epoxy injection process.
b. Understands and is capable of explaining technical aspects of correct material

selection and use.
c. Experienced in the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of application

equipment.
2. Injection crew and job foreman shall provide written and verifiable evidence
showing compliance with the following requirements:
a. Licensed and certified by epoxy manufacturer.
b. Minimum 3 years experience in successful epoxy injection for at least

10,000 linear feet of successful crack injection including 2,000 linear feet of wet
crack injection to stop water leakage.

A. Packing and Shipping: package adhesive material in new sealed containers and label with
following information:
1. Manufacturers name.
2. Product name and lot number.
3. ANSI Hazard Classification.
4. ANSI recommended precautions for handling.
5. Mix ratio by volume.
B. Storage and Protection: store adhesive containers at ambient temperatures below

110 degrees Fahrenheit (F) and above 45 degrees F.
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
under Part 2 Materials meet the NSF 61 Standard.
2.02 MANUFACTURERS
A. Materials, equipment, and accessories specified in this Section shall be products of:
1. BASF Building Systems, Shakopee, MN; SCB Concresive Series.
2. Sika Corp., Lyndhurst, NJ; Sikadur Series.
3. Euclid Chemical Co., Cleveland, OH; Euco Series.
2.03 EPOXY ADHESIVE
A. Two-component A and B structural epoxy adhesive for injection into cracks or other voids
in concrete structures for bonding or grouting.
B. Adhesive Properties:

Test Method
7-day, Tensile Strength, psi ASTM D638 5,000 min.
Tensile Elongation @ Break, percent ASTM D638 1.0% min.
Compressive Yield Strength, 7 days @
ASTM D695a 8,000 min.
73F, psi
Compressive Modulus, psi ASTM D695a 1.5x105 min.
Heat Deflection Temperature, F ASTM D648a 120 min.a
Water absorption @ 24 hours, maximum % ASTM D570 1.0
Bond Strength @ 2 days psi ASTM C882 1,000 min.
Bond Strength @ 14 days psi ASTM C882 1,500 min.
Slant Shear Strength: (5,000 psi
Compressive Strength Conc.) Where test AASHTO T237b
results are available psi.
Cured 3 days @ 40 deg FWet Concrete 3,500 min.
Cured 1 day @ 77 deg FDry Concrete 5,000 min.
Cured 3 days @ 77 deg 3 deg F 5,000 min.
a Cure test specimens so that peak exothermic temperature of

adhesive does not exceed 100F.
b See referenced specifications for preparation method of test specimens.
2.04 SURFACE SEAL
A. Sufficient strength and adhesion for holding injection fittings firmly in place, and to resist
pressures preventing leakage during injection.
B. Capable of removal after injection adhesive has cured.
2.05 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Test Requirements: perform tests for each batch of adhesive.
B. Pot Life Test:
1. Condition Components A and B to required temperature.
2. Measure components in ratio of Component B as stated on manufacturers label into

an 8-fluid ounce paper cup.
3. Start stopwatch immediately and mix components for 60 seconds using wooden
tongue depressor, take care to scrape sides and bottom of cup periodically.
4. Probe mixture once with tongue depressor every 30 seconds, starting 2 minutes prior
to minimum specified pot life.
5. Pot Life Definition: time at which a soft stringy mass forms in center of cup.

C. Fabrication of Slant Shear Specimens for Testing Bond of Injectable Adhesives to Wet
Concrete at 40 Degrees F:
1. Scope: test method for preparation of diagonal concrete mortar blocks used in
determining slant shear strength of low viscosity injectable adhesives in accordance
with AASHTO T237 when concrete is wet.
2. Materials:
a. Diagonal concrete mortar blocks prepared in accordance with AASHTO Test

Method T237 and cured to produce a mortar with compressive strength of 5,000 psi
or greater.
b. Paraffin wax.
c. Masking Tape: 3/4 inch wide.
d. Suitable 20-mil-thick shim stock.
3. Preparation:
a. Place a 20-mil shim between diagonal faces of two blocks and align so ends and
sides are square.
b. Bind block with masking tape covering gap between blocks.
c. Leave a gap between blocks on one face uncovered for removal of shim and
application of adhesive.
d. Paint melted paraffin wax over masking tape.
e. Shallow dam may be built up around opening using paraffin wax or modeling clay
to help retain adhesive.
f. Apply suitable capping compound to each end of specimen producing smooth

surfaces perpendicular to longitudinal axis of block.
g. Remove shim stock from gap opening.
h. Soak specimen in water at 40 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F for at least

24 hours.
i. After soaking, remove specimen, shake free water from surface and gap opening.
j. Prepare liquid adhesive.
k. Within 5 minutes after removing specimen from water, start flowing adhesive into
crack without entrap air bubbles.
l. Place specimen in 40 degrees F, plus or minus 3 degrees F ambient for curing

within 15 minutes after removing specimen from water for bonding. Do not expose
specimen to temperatures beyond 77 degrees F during the 15-minute period.

m. Cure specimen for 72 hours, plus or minus 4 hours at 40 degrees F, plus or minus
3 degrees F.
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. Structurally repair cracks in structures as specified in Section 033000, Cast-in-Place

Concrete.
B. Cracks: repair by injection of epoxy adhesive.
3.02 PREPARATION
A. Free cracks from loose matter, dirt, laitance, oil, grease, salt, and other contaminants.
B. Clean cracks in accordance with epoxy adhesive manufacturers instructions.
C. Clean surfaces adjacent to cracks from dirt, dust, grease, oil, efflorescence, and other
foreign matter detrimental to bond of surface seal system.
D. Do not use acids and corrosives for cleaning, unless neutralized prior to injecting epoxy.
3.03 APPLICATION
A. Sealing: apply surface seal in accordance with manufacturers instructions to designated

crack face prior to injection; seal surface of crack to prevent escape of injection epoxy.
B. Entry Ports:
1. Establish openings for epoxy entry in surface seal along crack.
2. Determine space between entry ports equal to thickness of concrete member to allow
epoxy to penetrate to the full thickness of the wall.
3. Provide a means to prevent concrete dusts and fines from contaminating the crack or
ports when drilling.
4. Space entry ports closer together to allow adjustment of injection pressure to obtain
minimum loss of epoxy to soil at locations where:
a. Cracks extend entirely through wall.
b. Backfill of walls on one side.
c. Difficult to excavate behind wall to seal both crack surfaces.
5. Core drill to verify epoxy depth where only one side of wall is exposed.
C. Epoxy Injection:
1. Store epoxy at minimum of 70 degrees F.

2. Start injection into each crack at lowest elevation entry port.
3. Continue injection at first port until adhesive begins to flow out of port at next
highest elevation.
4. Plug first port and start injection at second port until adhesive flows from next port.
5. Inject entire crack with same sequence.
D. Finishing:
1. Cure epoxy adhesive after cracks have been completely filled to allow surface seal
removal without draining or runback of epoxy material from cracks.
2. Remove surface seal from cured injection adhesive.
3. Finish crack face flush with adjacent concrete.
4. Indentations or protrusions caused by placement of entry ports are not acceptable.
5. Remove surface seal material and injection adhesive runs and spills from concrete
surfaces.
3.04 EQUIPMENT
A. Portable, positive displacement-type pumps with in-line metering to meter and mix two
adhesive components, and inject mixture into crack.
B. Pumps:
1. Electric or air powered with interlocks providing positive ratio control of

proportions for the two components at nozzle.
2. Primary injection pumps for each material of different mix ratio, including a standby
backup pump of similar ratio.
3. Capable of immediate compensation for changes in resins.
4. Do not use batch mix pumps.
C. Discharge Pressure: automatic pressure controls capable of discharging mixed adhesive at

pressures up to 200 psi, plus or minus 5 percent, and able to maintain pressure.
D. Automatic Shutoff Control: provide sensors on both Component A and B reservoirs for
stopping machine automatically when only one component is being pumped to mixing
head.
E. Proportioning Ratio Tolerance: maintain epoxy adhesive manufacturers prescribed mix

ratio within a tolerance of plus or minus 5 percent by volume at discharge pressure up to
160 psi.

F. Ratio/Pressure Check Device:
1. Two independent, valved nozzles, capable of controlling flow rate and pressure by
opening or closing valve to restrict material flow.
2. Pressure gauge, capable of sensing pressure behind each valve.
A. Epoxy Adhesive Two Component Ratio Tests:
1. Disconnect mixing head and pump two adhesive components simultaneously

through ratio check device.
2. Adjust discharge pressure to 160 psi for both adhesive components.
3. Simultaneously discharge both adhesive components into separate calibrated

containers.
4. Compare amounts simultaneously discharged into calibrated containers during same

time period to determine mix ratio.
5. Complete test at 160 psi discharge pressure and repeat procedure for 0 psi discharge
pressure.
6. Run ratio test for each injection unit at beginning and end of each injection work
day, and when injection work has stopped for more than 1 hour.
7. Document and maintain complete accurate records of, ratios and pressure checks.
B. Injection Pressure Test:
1. Disconnect mixing head of injection equipment and connect two adhesive

component delivery lines to pressure check device.
2. Pressure Check Device:
a. Two independent valved nozzles capable of controlling flow rate and pressure by
opening or closing of valve.
b. Pressure gauge capable of sensing pressure buildup behind each valve.
3. Close valves on pressure check device and operate equipment until gauge pressure
on each line reads 160 psi.
4. Stop pumps and observe pressure; do not allow pressure gauge to drop below
150 psi within 3 minutes.
5. Run pressure test for each injection equipment unit:
a. Beginning and end of each injection work day.

b. When injection work as stop for more than 45 minutes.
6. Check tolerance to verify equipment capable of meeting specified ratio tolerance.
C. Crack Injection Tests:
1. Initial Cores:
a. 4-inch-diameter for full crack depth taken from Engineers selected locations.
b. Take three cores in first 100 linear feet of crack repaired and one core sample for
each 500 linear feet thereafter.
2. Provide suitable containers for storage, curing, and transportation of test specimens.
3. Methods of Testing Cores:
a. Penetration: Visual examination.
b. Bond Strength/Compression Test: concrete failure prior to adhesive failure.
4. Test Requirements:
a. Penetration: minimum of 90 percent of crack shall be full of epoxy adhesive.
b. Bond Strength/Compression Test: concrete failure before adhesive failure, or

6,500 psi with no failure of either concrete or adhesive.
5. Evaluation and Acceptance of Tests:
a. If initial cores pass tests as specified, epoxy adhesive injection at area represented by
cores will be accepted.
b. If initial cores fail either by lack of penetration or bond strength, crack repair shall
not proceed further until areas represented by cores are re-injected or repaired and
retested for acceptance.
c. Obtain verifying core samples, number and location as selected by Engineer, after
rework of areas represented by failed initial cores is complete.
6. Core Hole Repair:
a. Correct as result of testing on notification from Engineer.
b. Refill initial and verifying core holes with an epoxy grout tamped and rodded in-
place to form a dense fill.
c. Finish surface to blend with adjacent concrete.

as indicated in the Statement of Special Inspection in the Drawings and in
B. Special Inspector shall verify that manufacturer and installers procedures and
instructions for surface preparation and installation are followed.
3.07 ALTERNATIVE CRACK REPAIRS
A. Where specifically approved in writing by the Engineer, alternative crack repair products
and procedures may be used, as Specified in Section 030130, Concrete Repair.
B. Each individual location where alternative crack repair products or procedures are used,
shall be approved in writing by the Engineer, prior to beginning work or installing the
alternative products.
END OF SECTION


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SECTION 030130 CONCRETE REPAIR

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this Section:

1. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

a. 503R, Use of Epoxy Compounds with Concrete.

b. 506R, Guide to Shotcrete.

c. 506.2, Specification for Shotcrete.

2. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. A82/A82M, Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete

b. A185/A185M, Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire

c. C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using

d. C109/C109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of

e. C157/C157M, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened

f. C348, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic Cement

g. C496/C496M, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of

h. C531, Standard Test Method for Linear Shrinkage and Coefficient of

i. C596, Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing

j. C666/C666M, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid

k. C779, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Horizontal

m. C928, Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening

n. C1012, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement

o. C1140, Standard Practice for Preparing and Testing Specimens from

p. C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concretes

q. C1583/C1583M, Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete

r. D4258, Standard Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating.

s. D4259, Standard Practice for Abrading Concrete.

4. International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI):

b. 310.1R, Guide for Surface Preparation for the Repair of Deteriorated

c. 310.2, Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers,

A. Low-Pressure Spray Mortar: Mortar applied by low-pressure spraying, or in small areas

B. Defective Concrete: As defined in Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete.

1. Structural defects may occur in the following areas:

a. Areas subject to structural loading.

c. Interior of hydraulic structure.

d. Below grade structure.

1. Areas with defects that meet the following:

a. Deemed by Engineer to be superficial.

b. Less than 1 inch in depth.

c. Not subjected to structural loads or heavy wear.

d. Detracts from appearance without impacting structural properties.

F. Shotcrete: Mortar pumped through a hose and projected at high velocity.

2. Samples: Mesh reinforcement and mesh anchor.

3. Drawings or photographs indicating location, size, estimated quantity, and

a. Manufacturers preparation and installation instructions.

b. Manufacturers recommended fabric size for mesh reinforcement.

c. Written test report for each production or core sample.

2. Mesh manufacturers installation instructions and allowable load criteria.

3. Written description of equipment proposed for hydrodemolition for surface

a. Manufacturers Certificate of Compliance that proposed repair product

b. Certificate of Compliance that repair products are one component with

c. Confirmation material meets the requirements of ASTM C928.

e. Mortar System Manufacturers Certificate of Proper Installation.

f. Shotcrete Nozzleman: Current ACI Certification for each proposed

b. Mortar system manufacturers representative.

6. Mortar system manufacturers proposed modified test procedures for ASTM

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

2. Methods to be used for removal of defective or unsound concrete.

3. Cleaning and surface condition just prior to repair material application.

4. Repair materials, installation and curing.

5. Qualifications as listed below.

1. Mortar System Applicator:

a. Experienced applicator endorsed by mortar system manufacturer.

b. For low-pressure spray mortar system in lieu of endorsement, complete

2. Mortar System Manufacturers Representative: As specified in Section 014333,

3. Shotcrete Nozzleman: ACI Certification in accordance with ACI 506R.