REVIEW OF A JOURNAL ARTICLE

REVIEW OF A JOURNAL ARTICLE.

1. Article Reviewed: Vasco,C.L., Rehme, J. F. , Martins, R. A., Agostinho, E., de Almeida
Prado Pohl, A., Demo de Souza, Richard, Ono Fonseca, K. V., Pellenz, M. E. 2015.
Transmission and Reception Tests of Digital Terrestrial TV in the Metropolitan Region
of Curitiba, in the state of Paran, Brazil". Set International Journal of Broadcast
Engineering, volume 1, 2.

The subject of this article is to test results of the transmission and reception of Digital TV
signals in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, in the state of Paran, Brazil. The research
problem being addressed is if the coverage of the digital signal will have the same range
as analog broadcasting signal in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, in the state of
Paran, Brazil.

It is clear from the abstract of the article that this is not simple issue. The authors starts by
saying that the equipment configuration deployed to carry out the tests, with the objective
of mapping signal levels in the field and carrying out objective (channel power received,
Carrier to Noise Ratio, Bit Error Rate) and subjective measures (signal quality and
observation of artifacts) in some selected locations in the metropolitan region of Curitiba.
Specifically, the study sought to determine the infrastructure used for the survey, the
propagation models used, the analysis of the collected data, and the estimated signal
coverage. In this article only the 6MHz bandwidth channel power was analyzed,
measured at the receiver, with the transmission at 4.1kW, broadcasting in high definition,
which allows evaluation of the propagation characteristics in the region of Curitiba in
normal operating conditions.

The tools used to analysis the data for this article is SIGAnatel system and mobile unit.
SIGAnatel system is an application available on the website of the National
Telecommunications Agency (Anatel), which contains geographical and topographical
data of Brazil, and enables a propagation analysis module.

A propagation model is discussed (based on the Log-distance and Okumura-Hata

models), as a function of the received channel power values measured in some selected
locations. Propagation model considers the transmitter power, the antenna gain, and
operating frequency, as the received power decreases with the square mean of the
distance. Obstacles causing attenuation that adds to the attenuation of free space
propagation.
After obtaining a suitable propagation model for the city of Curitiba, it is possible to
estimate the Digital TV signal coverage distance to the parameters considered. In
conclusion, according to the estimate made in this article, the digital TV signal coverage
for a city region would have a minimum radius of 40.6km.

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2. Article Reviewed: S. Wahyuni and Iskandar, 2015. Performance Study of Channel
Estimation for DVB-T Services in High Altitude Platforms Station Communication
IEEE

The article, Performance Study of Channel Estimation for DVB-T Services in High
Altitude Platforms Station Communication by S. Wahyuni and Iskandar seeks to analyze
the effect of DVB-T channel estimation for coverage improvement on High Altitude
Platforms Station (HAPS) system. The purpose of this study is to see the performance of
Digital Video Broadcasting services for Terrestrial (DVBT) in the High Altitude Platform
Station (HAPS) system.
HAPS are known as stratospheric broadband telecommunications infrastructure is a
standard similar to the satellite, which was placed in the stratosphere. HAPs channel can
provide line of sight (LOS) relationship between HAPS platform with the user so that it
can be simulated with rician channel.

The performance of DVB-T services in the HAPS system is influenced by the type of
modulation used and the mode of work. This research will discuss about the performance
of DVB-T on channel HAPS with areas that are still able to receive DVB-T. Digital
modulation is the process of laying the digital signal to the carrier signal. Digital
modulation system used in the DVB-T system is modulated OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplex) with a choice of modulation types Quadrature Phase Shift
Keying (QPSK), 16 Quadradure amplitude modulation (QAM) or 64QAM. By using this
system, the bandwidth used (about 6 to 8 MHz) may be efficient to allow the use of the
channel for some content.

In conclusion Performance of the overall system is based on the BER values obtained of
bit energy per noise value system. The position is appropriate under the platform so that
the maximum transmit power received. Based on simulation results where the coverage
of the BER tolerance a diameter of 68.7 km, the use of channel estimation DVB-T
services greatly affects increase in coverage.

3. Article Reviewed: Pablo Toro Manuel Garca Snchez .2013. Reconciling the ETSI
coverage requirements for DVB-T with the ITU-R recommendations Telecomm System,
Spain

This article offers a method in order to adapt the European Telecommunications

Standards Institute (ETSI) coverage requirements to the ITU-R recommendations, based
on a research measurement of the DVB-T signal level received in four different
environments over a long period of time. For broadcasting designers, the main reference
for calculating coverage is the recommendations of the International Telecommunication
Union-Radio communication Sector (ITU-R).

The aim of this article is to offer a simple way to fill the gap between the ETSI
requirements and the ITU-R recommendations, supported on a measurement campaign
which consists of continuously registering the received signal level in four different

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locations for fifteen days. The tools used to analysis the data for this article is C++,
coverage planning tools and Yagi-Uda television (TV) antenna.

The DVB-T signal level received in four different environments over a long period of
time. The receiving antenna is placed in Mera, province of LaCorua, at 42 m height. The
transmitting antenna is at a distance of 8.1 km, and it is at 179 m height. There are two
important considerations to take into account: First, near the receiver there is a small hill
that slightly attenuates the received signal. Second, the bay of La Corua is in the
propagation path, and there is a reflected ray in the sea at 6.5 km from the transmitter.
The receiving antenna is placed in Castrelos, in the city of Vigo, at 140 m height. The
transmitting antenna is at a distance of 11.9 km, and it is at 644 m height. The receiving
antenna is placed in the University of Vigo, near the city of Vigo, at 450 m height. The
transmitting antenna is at a distance of 12.7 km, and it is at 402 m height. The receiving
antenna is placed in Carmena, province of Toledo, 100 km southwest of Madrid, at 576 m
height. The transmitting antenna is at a distance of 36.4 km, and it is at 1386 m height. In
conclusion, when calculating DVB-T coverage according to the ETSI requirements that
specify 99 % of the time coverage, a problem arises because the ITU-R recommendations
only allow calculations for percentages of time below 50 %. In this article, the proposed a
formula to calculate the 99 % of time coverage required by the ETSI using the ITUR
recommendations.

o Summary

Overall these articles talk about the DVB-T services in given coverage area. A coverage
predictions maps for DVB-T services as well as still existing analogue TV in different
regions are presented. The coverage prediction maps were produced by different
simulation tools.

Finally the simulated results were validated with field measurements. However, accurate
coverage predictions maps for DVB-T services as well as still existing analogue TV were
not explained. For the most part, the methods used to analysis the data for these articles
were not clearly explained.

The articles did get a little complicated in the reporting of the coverage of DVB-T
transmitter due to generalize the coverage area of DVB-T in one country as all. Overall
these are a good article with an important message for public and private broadcasters.
But, when come to our country Terrestrials Analog TV providers such as Ethiopia
Broadcasting Corporation and Oromia TV have been setting services for the many years.
With this at hand, the Terrestrial analogy TV coverage area in the country is far from
perfect. For example, Oromia TV organization invested millions of dollars to implement
different transmitter station at different places. But the company did not meet the required
service quality level and this mainly related to the planning problem of the coverage area.
In addition the organization wants to transit analog to digital in country for coming one or
two years. So to provide quality of service of DVB-T coverage planning should be
properly done for organization (Oromia TV) .