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Topic : Digestion and Absorption
By: Abhishek Singh Jat
Chapter 16
Digestion and Absorption
Digestive system
parts
2.Pharynx
It is a common passage for food and air. oesophagus and
trachea open into pharynx. Epiglottis is an organ or a flap
which prevent entry of food into glottis. Glottis is an region
where wind pipe open.
3.Oesophagus
It is a long tube passing through neck, thorax and diaphragm
and lead to J shape region called stomach.
4.Small intestine
It consists of three parts
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o U shaped duodenum :- it is closing of stomach region.
o Ileum:- it opens into large intestine. It consists of caecum,
colon and rectum.
Caecum small blind sac host some symbiotic
micro-organisms. It opens into colon
Colon it is divided into three parts
I. Ascending
II. transverse
III. descending it opens into rectum
The walls of alimentary canal posses four layers from
oesophagus to rectum. They are:-
Serosa outermost layer mde of mesothelium.
Muscularis formed by smooth muscles, arranged in inner
circular and outer longitudinal layer.
Sub mucosa formedof loose connective tissue, glands are
present
Mucosa innermost layer, forms villi, helps in lubrication
by secreting mucus.
Digestive glands
These include
1) salivary gland:
Mainly produces saliva. It is produced by three parts:- the
parotids(the cheeks), the sum mandibular (lower jaw), and the
sub linguial (below the tongue). These are present in buccal
cavity.
Liver: it is the largest gland of body. Hepatic lobules are
structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells.
Each lobule is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath
called Glissons capsule. Bile is secreted by hepatic cells,
pass through hepatic duct and store in a thin muscular sac
called gall bladder. Gall bladder and hepatic duct combine and
form bile duct.
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Digestion of food
The process of digestion of food start from the buccal cavity it
performs two major function mastication and facilitation. Mucus in
saliva helps in lubricating and forming bolus. The bolus goes to
pharynx and then to oesophagus by swallowing. Then food passes
to stomach here starch is converted into maltose by the help
salivary amylase. Stomach stores food for 4 5 hours. Gastric
juices get mixed with food and this is then called chyme. then
proteins are converted into amino acids and dipeptides,
polysaccharides into disaccharides. Fat into monoglycerides and
nucleic acid into nucleosides. It all happen into stomach
(duodenum). Then undigested food pass into large intestine and it
gets stored in rectum as fecal matter.
Absorption of digestion food
absorption of substance takes place in different place in different
parts of alimentary canal like mouth, stomach, small intestine and
large intestine.
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