PENGURUSAN BUANGAN

TERJADUAL DI MALAYSIA:
SISA KLINIKAL
 SKOP PEMBENTANGAN

PERUNDANGAN BERKAITAN PENGURUSAN

1 BUANGAN TERJADUAL

POLISI PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL

2

PENGURUSAN SISA KLINIKAL

4

HALA TUJU PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL

5

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PERUNDANGAN BERKAITAN
PENGURUSAN BUANGAN
TERJADUAL

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 Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti
Alam Sekeliling (Buangan Terjadual) 2005

PERATURAN-PERATURAN KUALITI ALAM SEKELILING

(BUANGAN TERJADUAL) 2005

-77 Kategori BT (Kod SW )

-Merangkumi 17 Peraturan
-Mengambilkira :
a) Pemerolehan kembali BT
b) Pengurusan Khas Buangan Terjadual cradle to
cradle
c) Penstoran BT tidak lebih 20 MT atau 180 hari
d) Keperluan Latihan

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 Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

APAKAH BUANGAN
TERJADUAL?

Semua buangan yang

dimasukkan dan
disenaraikan dalam Jadual
Pertama, Peraturan-Peraturan
Kualiti Alam Sekeliling
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

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Elemen Utama dalam PPKAS (BT) 2005

Mengawal dan memantau penghasilan buangan melalui

1 sistem notifikasi (E-SWISS);

Melesenkan kemudahan buangan terjadual

2

Rawatan dan pelupusan buangan terjadual hanya di

3 premis yang ditetapkan sahaja; dan

Manifest system untuk memantau pergerakan buangan

4 terjadual dari mula hingga ke pelupusan

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 Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

Pemberitahuan kepada JAS mengenai

jenis dan kuantiti buangan yang
1 dihasilkan

Menggunapakai Best Environmental

Practices dan BestAvailable
2 Techniques

Mengemaskini inventori buangan

3 terjadual

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 Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

Bertanggungjawab memastikan
buangan terjadual yang dihasilkan
4 dihantar ke PYDT atau untuk pelupusan

Buangan terjadual boleh digunasemula,

dikitarsemula atau dilakukan
5 pemerolehan kembali

Buangan hendaklah dilabel dan

disimpan dengan baik di tempat yang
6 bersesuaian

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Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

Memberi latihan kepada pekerja

yang terlibat dalam pengurusan
7 buangan terjadual

Mengemukakan notifikasi dan

SIXTH
pelupusan buangan terjadual SCHEDULE
CONSIGNMEN
T NOTE

8 Consignment Note
e-Consignment (on-line)

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 Peraturan-Peraturan lain yang berkaitan;

Aktiviti 18:
Perintah Kualiti Alam Sekeliling (Premis Yang
Ditetapkan)(Kemudahan Pengolahan Dan pelupusan Buangan
Terjadual) 1989;
Peraturan-Peraturan Kualiti Alam Sekeliling (Premis Yang
Ditetapkan) (Kemudahan Pengolahan dan Pelupusan Buangan
Terjadual) 1989;
Perintah Kualiti Alam Sekeliling (Premis Yang Ditetapkan)
(Kemudahan Pengolahan dan Pelupusan Buangan Terjadual)
1989; dan
Perintah Kualiti Alam Sekeliling (Pembawa Yang Ditetapkan)
(Buangan Terjadual) 2005

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 Legal Procedures Setting up a
Clinical Wastes Treatment and
Disposal Facilities

EIA Study
Written Permission
License to Operate
Compliance to All Approval Conditions

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POLISI PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL

Bekas untuk kitarsemula atau gunasemula oleh

pembekal atau pengilang, atau untuk di isi semula
dengan bahan kimia yang sama adalah tidak
dikategorikan sebagai buangan terjadual
Lesen pengangkut buangan terjadual hanya
dikeluarkan kepada pihak/pemilik kilang fasiliti kitar
semula atau pemerolahkembali atau pelupusan
buangan terjadual

Import/Eksport/Transit buangan terjadual perlu

mematuhi keperluan dan obligasi Konvensyen Basel

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POLISI PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL

Malaysia tidak membenarkan pengimportan

buangan terjadual ke dalam negara

Selain itu, memandangkan fasiliti/kemudahan buangan

tejadual telah dibina dalam negara, maka pengeksportan
buangan terjadual ke luar negara juga tidak dibenarkan

Bagaimanapun, Malaysia hanya membenarkan

pengeksportan buangan terjadual sekiranya
fasiliti/kemudahan tempatan tidak mempunyai capacity
untuk merawat atau melupuskan buangan

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CLINICAL WASTES
HANDLING
PROCEDURES

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Garispanduan Pengurusan Sisa Klinikal

12/9/2015 15
 IDENTIFICATION AND
DEFINITION

Category of waste from hospital and health

care establishment:

1) Clinical waste
2) Radioactive waste
3) Chemical waste
4) Pressurized container
5) General waste

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 IDENTIFICATION AND
DEFINITION

Clinical waste are waste containing:

Human or animal tissue
Blood or body fluid
Excretions
Drugs
Pharmaceutical products
Soiled swabs or dressings
Syringes, needles, sharps etc

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 IDENTIFICATION AND
DEFINITION

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005:

SW 403 Discarded drugs containing
psychotropic substances or containing substances that are
toxic, harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic
SW 404 Pathogenic and clinical waste and quarantined
materials
SW 421 A mixture of scheduled wastes
SW 422 A mixture of scheduled and non-
scheduled wastes

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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING

DESCRIPTION GUIDANCE
1. Blood and body fluid waste Special requirement on the
a) Soiled surgical dressings etc. management from the viewpoint of
which have come into contact infection prevention.
with blood or wounds, cloths These category of waste must
and wiping materials used to always be incinerated completely
clear up body fluids and spills in an appropriate incinerators.
of blood.
b) Material other than reusable
linen, from cases of infectious
diseases
c) Pathological waste

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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING
DESCRIPTION
2. Waste posing the risk of
injury (sharps).
All objects and materials which
are closely linked with
healthcare activities and pose
a potential risk of injury
and/infection,
e.g. needles, scalpel blades,
blades and saw, any other
instruments that could cause a
cut or puncture.
GUIDANCE
Collected and managed
separately from other waste.
The collection containers must
be puncture-resistant and leak-
tight. This category of waste
has to be disposed/ destroyed
completely as to prevent
potential risk of injury/
infection.
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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING
DESCRIPTION
3. Infectious wastes
Clinical waste arising from
laboratories (e.g. pathology,
haematology, blood transfusion,
microbiology, histology) and post
mortem rooms, other than waste
included in category 1 waste.
GUIDANCE
Special requirement on the
management from the viewpoint
of infection prevention. This
category of waste must always be
incinerated completely in an
appropriate incinerator.
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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING
DESCRIPTION
4. Pharmaceutical and Cytotoxic
Pharmaceutical Wastes
Unusable pharmaceuticals:
Expiry date exceeded;
Expiry date exceeded after
the packaging has been
opened or the ready-to-use
preparation prepared by the
user; or
Use is not possible for other
reasons (e.g. call-back
campaign)
GUIDANCE
Class I pharmaceuticals such as
camomile tea, cough syrup, which
pose no hazard during collection,
intermediate storage and waste
management : managed jointly
with municipal wastes.
Class II pharmaceuticals which
pose a potential hazard when used
improperly by unauthorised
persons : managed in an
appropriate waste disposal facility.
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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING

DESCRIPTION GUIDANCE
4. Pharmaceutical and Cytotoxic Class III Heavy metal-containing
Pharmaceutical Wastes unidentifiable pharmaceuticals :
managed in an appropriate waste
Wastes arising in the use, disposal facility.
manufacture and preparation of, Intermediate storage - under
and in the oncological treatment of controlled and locked conditions.
patients with, pharmaceuticals with Cytotoxic wastes must be
a cytotoxic effect (mutagenic, collected separately from
carcinogenic and teratogenic pharmaceutical waste and
properties). disposed of in a hazardous waste
incinerator

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 WASTE CLASSIFICATION
& HANDLING

DESCRIPTION GUIDANCE

5. Other infectious wastes Disposed of in a hazardous waste

incineration plant
All healthcare waste known or
clinically assessed by a medical
practitioner or veterinary/ surgeon
to have the potential of
transmitting infectious agents to
humans or animals. Used
disposable bed-pan liners, urine
containers, incontinence pads and
stoma bags.

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 RESPONSIBILITY OF WASTE
GENERATOR

Notify DOE on scheduled waste generated

Waste treated/disposed of at prescribe premises only

Waste rendered harmless before disposal

Reduced waste best practicable means

Ensure waste properly stored, treated, delivered and

received

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 RESPONSIBILITY OF WASTE
GENERATOR

Use durable and clearly labeled containers

Keep inventory of scheduled waste

Conform with consignment note system

Provide information to transporter on the

nature of waste and action to be taken in case
of accidents
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 Overview of
Clinical Waste Management Services
6
1 Disposal of
Segregation final residue
of waste

5
2 Clinical waste
Collection incinerator
of waste to
central 4
store Transported in
dedicated
3
trucks
Central storage
area

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 RESPONSIBILITY TO
SEGREGATE WASTE

Nursing and clinical staff

To ensure segregation at source

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 SEGREGATION

Only clinical waste in yellow bags

Seal when three quarters full
Do not remove any waste deposited in yellow bags
Segregation starts at point of production and
continue to disposal
Carried out at source
Do not mix clinical waste and general waste

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 SEALING

Seal must be intact after movement completed

Seal with self-locking tag for bags

Seal when reached intended capacity

Snap-locking flap for sharp boxes

Do not staple

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 LABELLING

all bags/drums/bins must be able to identify its

source
labels attached
pre-printed self-adhesive labels
fill in date generated, company name, address &
contact number

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TRANSPORTATION & COLLECTION

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COLLECTION WITHIN
HOSPITAL

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 INSIDE THE HOSPITAL

Minimize the passage through patients areas

and clean area

Use waste routes as designated

Use of dedicated vehicle

Cleaning and disinfection

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 COLLECTION OF
CLINCAL WASTE

Clinical waste should be removed daily or

as needed by unit/department

No bags/containers will be removed

unless properly identified, and secure to
prevent spillages

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 SMALL FREEZER UNIT

If collection of waste from hospital is less frequent

than once daily, small freezers will be installed in
wards generating large quantities of easily
biodegradable clinical waste, such as placenta
from labor room

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 REPLACING BAGS

Under no circumstances should yellow bags be

replaced by black bags

Bag holders should be clearly identified as either

clinical or non-clinical waste

Duty of hospital attendants to immediately

replace full sealed bags

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 CENTRAL STORAGE AREA

Clearly identified
Locked when access not needed
Keys kept by appointed personnel
Sited separately from general waste

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 LOCATION

Away from public access

Easily accessible to internal and off-site transport

Away from food preparation and storage area

Well lit, well ventilated

Secure from entry of animals and free from

infestation by rodents and insects

Covered area
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 FACILITIES

Washing
Equipment and materials to deal with spillages
Disinfection of storage areas
All waste from cleaning process should drain into
the foul sewer

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 STORAGE CAPACITY

Sufficient
Minimum of 2 days storage
This is for contingency purposes
Wherever possible is should be removed daily

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 SPILL OR ACCIDENTAL
DISCHARGE

Waste management plan to be followed

Contaminated areas to be cleared and disinfected
Exposure of workers to be limited during
operations
Impact on the environment should be limited best
possible
Staff are trained and prepared for ERP
Dangerous spill carried out by designated and
specially trained personnel

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 METHODS OF DISPOSAL

Landfills
Autoclaving
Microwave
Chemical
Disinfecting
Incineration

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 WHY INCINERATION?
Incineration ensures total destruction of organic
materials and pathogen present within clinical
waste
95% reduction in weight and volume of clinical
waste
Alternatives to Clinical Waste present difficulties in
verification of :
Decontamination
Operator hazards
Odorous discharge
Environmental Hazards 44
 e-CN

Notifikasi Inventori BT Nota Konsainan

Electronic Scheduled Waste
Information Systems
 eSWIS Waste Management Process Flow

Baseline: DOE establish Characteristic: WG to Acceptance: WR to

baseline for reporting of report waste composition inform supported range
Scheduled Waste with CN for eligible WR of waste code &
accommodated ranges

SW1: Metal SW2: Wastes containing SW3: Wastes containing SW4: Wastes SW5: Repository:
& metal principally inorganic principally organic which may contain Other all traceable
bearing constituents which may constituents which may either organic or Wastes transactions
contain metals & contain metals & inorganic
wastes in one source
organic materials inorganic materials constituents

Recovery:
required submit Off-site Treatment/
Recovery Disposal
% of residue per Special management
waste code
Eligible: all
disposal waste to
% Not Comply % Comply % Product % Waste
eligible receiver
with range(SW5*)
HALA TUJU BUANGAN
TERJADUAL DI
MALAYSIA

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Hirarki Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual

Prevention/Reduction
Re-use
Recycling
Recovery
Recovery

SPECIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Pre Treatment:
Disposal

Incineration/PCT/Solidification

Landfilling

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Hirarki Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual

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Hirarki Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual

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Pengurusan Khas Buangan Terjadual

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Pengurusan Khas Buangan Terjadual

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PELAN STRATEGIK
PASCA 2015

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 Mengandungi 8 strategi utama sebagai bidang
keberhasilan utama (KRA) dan menjadi tonggak utama
bagi pengurusan Buangan Terjadual negara ke arah
kecemerlangan.

STRATEGI PENGURUSAN BUANGAN

TERJADUAL PASCA 2015

Penekanan kepada 25 teras di dalam memacu

kecemerlangan pengurusan buangan terjadual dan
bahan berbahaya.
STRATEGI PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL PASCA
2015

JAS telah meletakkan lapan strategi utama sebagai bidang keberhasilan utama (KRA) dan menjadi
tonggak utama bagi pengurusan Buangan Terjadual negara ke arah kecemerlangan. Dua puluh lima
teras dipertanggungjawabkan bagi diberi penekanan di dalam memacu kecemerlangan pengurusan
buangan terjadual dan bahan berbahaya.
STRATEGI 1: MEMPERKASA DASAR DAN PERUNDANGAN
PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL NEGARA

Teras 1 : Memperkemaskan Dasar Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual

1

Teras 2 : Memperkasakan Perundangan Pengurusan Buangan Terjadual

2

Teras 3 : Membangun Dan Membentuk Garispanduan Pengurusan

3 Buangan Terjadual

Tujuan: Memperkemaskan dasar pengurusan buangan terjadual,

memperkasakan perundangan dan garispanduan pengurusan buangan
terjadual ke arah memastikan pengurusan buangan terjadual yang lebih
berkesan dan mantap
 STRATEGI 1: MEMPERKASA DASAR DAN PERUNDANGAN
PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL NEGARA
TERAS 1: MEMPERKEMASKAN DASAR PENGURUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL
SKOP: Mempertingkatkan program penguatkuasaan pengurusan buangan terjadual

Program Aktiviti Sasaran/Pelaksana Output Outcome

Program pembentukkan Kajian keperluan 2015/JAS/Pengeluar Pelan Pengurusan Pengurusan buangan
pelan pengurusan buangan Engagement pihak buangan/ Buangan Terjadual Pasca terjadual yang holistik
terjadual berkepentingan pengangkut/ premis 2015; Aplikasi prinsip-prinsip
penerima Pelan pengurusan pengurusan BT iatu:
buangan klinikal; polluter pay principle,
Pelan tindakan precautionary
kebangsaan pengurusan principle, extended
bahan kimia producer resposibility,
Pelan pengurusan E-waste shared responsibility
dan environmentally
sound management.
 Norhazni Mat Sari
Hazardous Substances Division
Department of Environment
Email : nhz@doe.gov.my
 WHEELED BINS

Yellow
240 litres
Marked
Lockable
Contents not man handled after collection
Washed and sanitised after each single delivery

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 COLOUR CODE

YELLOW - CLINICAL WASTE FOR

INCINERATION

LIGHT BLUE - FOR AUTO CLAVING OR

TREATMENT PRIOR TO DISPOSAL

BLACK - GENERAL WASTE

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 YELLOW CONTAINER

Potentially Infectious Waste Bags (waste materials contaminated or

possibly contaminated with body fluids)
Gloves, gowns, masks
Gauze, dressing, swabs
Spatulas
Urine, blood bags
Sump tubes
Suction canisters
Disposable bowls and containers used for medical purposes
Haemodialysis tubing
Intravenous (IV) lines
Foley catheters
Sanitary napkins
Incontinence underpads
Pre-treated highly infections waste, medical laboratories, isolation patients
Nappies, diapers
Human and animal tissued, placentae
Body parts (where permitted by local laws and customs) 67
 USED SHARP CONTAINER

Needles
Needles and syringe assemblies
Lancets
Scalpels, blades
Scissors, sutures
Specimen tables
Broken glass, ampoules

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 GENERAL WASTE CONTAINER

Packages, boxes, wrappings

Newspapers, magazines
Disposable plates, cups, utensils
Food, food packaging, drinks containers
Tissue, paper towels
Flowers
Intravenous bottles, packs

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WHEELED BIN BAG HOLDER

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SHARPS CONTAINER
& PLASTIC BAGS

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 YELLOW BAGS

CLEARLY MARKED
CLINICAL WASTE FOR INCINERATION
ONLY

INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL SIGN

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INTERNATIONAL BIOHAZARD SIGN

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 LIGHT BLUE BAGS

Bags of waste derived for autoclaving ( or

other disinfection treatment)
Should carry an indicator to show whether
they have been subjected to this treatment
International symbol for biological hazard

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 SHARP CONTAINERS
Made of plastic or fibreboard
Puncture and resistant proof
Handle
Aperture
Sealing device
Capable of being securely closed and remain closed
during transportation
Signs danger sharps only
Biological hazard symbol

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