LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Introduction and

Architecture Overview

Informa Telecoms & Media

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Drivers for Mobile Broadband 4
Typical Applications and Network Requirements 6
LTE E-UTRAN Objectives 8
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) 10
Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 12
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 14
Serving Gateway (SGW) 14
Mobility Management Entity (MME) 14
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) 14
LTE Reference Points 16
LTE Roaming Architecture 18
Non-3GPP Access 20
Interworking with 2G/3G Networks 22
LTE Femto Cells 24
Self Organising Networks 26
Spectrum Requirements for LTE 28
WRC 2007 Spectrum 30
LTE Spectrum Requirements 32

Informa Telecoms & Media

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Drivers for Mobile Broadband

After a slow start mobile data has finally taken off. Many factors, technical and non-technical,
relating to the success of mobile data have come together to provide data services that are
both easy to use and meets the users performance expectations.

Network and handset capability have met with content and billing regimes and along with
growing consumer confidence and experience this is leading to increased use of data services
provided by operators. As consumers, operators and third party application providers gain
moreexperience with data services beyond the plain WAP home page, the demand for data
isforecast to continue growing for the foreseeable future. Good news for operators who are
generally seeing a reduction in revenues from traditional voice based services. Revenues in
thenext decade will depend on increasing efficiency and finding alternative non-voice services.

The graph opposite shows the increase in use of both fixed and mobile broadband services,
italso shows that the use of mobile broadband is set to overtake fixed broadband in the future,
this will only be possible if we can deliver a high performance and consistent service that the
subscribers will come to expect.

4 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Increase in Broadband Usage
Global broadband subscribers, by wired and wireless, 2007 2012
Broadband
subs (millions)
1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Wireless Wired
Note: Wired includes DSL, cable, FTTx and evolutions.
Wireless includes WiMAX, pre-WiMAX, EV-DO, HSPA and evolutions, but excludes WCDMA and WiFi.
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

Typical Services and Network Requirements

>5Mbps

Video streaming Video conferencing Real-

time
m2m: gaming
Audio/video robot security,
download video broadcast
Bandwidth
1Mbps

Mobile
FTP office/
email Multiplayer games Interactive
remote Growth drivers
MMS, Video telephony games
web browsing Audio streaming
<64Kbps

SMS
Voice telephony
Voicemail msm: remote control
>1 sec 200 ms 100 ms 20 ms

Network latency
Fig. 1 Drivers for Mobile Broadband

Informa Telecoms & Media 5

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Typical Applications and Network Requirements

While voice remains the most popular application for large user segments, several distinct
trends will influence mobile communications in the years ahead:

Common, access-independent Internet applications will replace silos for mobile applications
and residential applications
Web2.0 applications empower users to participate in communities, and will generate content
and interact in virtual worlds and increase the requirement to greater uplink capabilities
Streaming services that deliver individual video content on demand and mobile TV on
demand are emerging as a favoured application
Mobile, interactive remote gaming and real-time gaming will undoubtedly become a major
industry in its own right
The quadruple play of voice, data, video and mobility bundles for residential and mobile
useis heating up the battle over fixed-mobile substitution in the consumer market
Mobile office comprising smart phones, notebooks, ubiquitous broadband access and
advanced security solutions will free business users from their office desk.

The network capability will need to evolve to ensure a consistent and reliable user experience,
such network evolutions include;

The networks capacity to support high peak user data rates and high average data
throughput rates
Low user data planes and signalling channels response time, or latency
Guaranteed radio coverage ensuring full use of services up to the cells edge
A viable means of creating and maintaining individual connections and the entire systems
quality of service (QoS)
Service continuity between access networks
Single sign-on to all network access
Competitive prices, with many users favouring flat-rate fees for reasons of cost control

6 Informa Telecoms & Media

Typical Next Generation Services
Access-independent Internet applications
Web2.0
Streaming services
Interactive remote gaming
Quadruple play
Mobile office

Typical Enablers for Next

Generation Services
High peak user data rates
High average data throughput rates
Low latency
Guaranteed radio coverage
Individual quality of service (QoS)
Service continuity between access networks
Single sign-on to all network access
Competitive prices, flat-rate fees

Fig. 2 Typical Applications and Network Requirements

Informa Telecoms & Media 7

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE E-UTRAN Objectives

LTE is focusing on optimum support of Packet Switched (PS) Services. Main requirements
forthe design of an LTE system are outlined in 3GPP TR 25.913 (2006) and can be summarised
as follows:

Data Rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for 20 MHz
spectrum allocation, assuming 2 receive antennas and 1 transmit antenna at the terminal.

Throughput: Target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is 3-4 times better than
release 6. Target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is 2-3 times better than release 6.
(release 6 HSPA)

Spectrum Efficiency: Downlink target is 3-4 times better than release 6. Uplink target is 2-3
times better than release 6.

Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in either
theUE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer in the radio access
network/UE is less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency is reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition
timesof less than 100 ms from camped state to active state.

Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz are supported. Also bandwidths
smaller than 5 MHz are supported for more flexibility, i.e. 1.4 MHz and 3 MHz for FDD mode.

Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP systems is

ensured. Multimode terminals support handover to and from UTRAN and GERAN as well as
inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for handover between E-UTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN
is less than 300 ms for real time services and less than 500 ms for non real time services.

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS): MBMS is further enhanced and is then
referred to as E-MBMS.

Mobility: The system is optimized for low mobile speed (0-15 km/h), but higher mobile speeds
are supported as well including high speed train environment as special case.

Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (Frequency Division Duplex / FDD mode) and
unpaired spectrum (Time Division Duplex / TDD mode).

Co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN.
Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border coexistence.

Quality of Service: End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) is supported.

8 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Requirement Current Release (Rel6HSxPA) LTE E-UTRA
Peak data rate 14 Mbps DL / 5.7 Mbps UL 100 Mbps DL / 50 Mbps UL
Spectral effeciency 0.6-0.8 DL / 0.35 UL (bps/Hz/sector) 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement
5% packet call throughput 64 Kpbs DL / 5 Kbps UL 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement
Averaged user throughput 900 Kbps DL / 150 Kbps UL 3-4x DL / 2-3x UL improvement
U-plane latency 50 ms 5 ms
Call setup time 2 sec 50 ms
Brodcast data rate 384 Kbps 6-8x improvement
Mobility Up to 250 km/h Up to 350 km/h
Multi-antenna support No Yes
Bandwidth 5 MHz Scalable (up to 20 MHz)

Fig. 3 LTE E-UTRAN Requirements

Informa Telecoms & Media 9

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

One of the main objectives of the LTE architecture is an overall simplification of the network with
a reduction in the number of nodes required in the radio access and core network components.
The evolution of the network is designed to optimise performance and improve cost efficiency.
Also interoperability with the existing 3.5G infrastructure is important, particularly mobility and
handover between the networks.

The Evolved Packet System (EPS) is divided in to radio access and core network.

10 Informa Telecoms & Media

 GERAN
UTRAN

3GPP External
network network

S4/S11 SG1

Evolved
packet core

S1-U
S1-MME

E-UTRAN

Fig. 4 System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

Informa Telecoms & Media 11

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)

Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) contains a single element known as the
Evolved Node Bs (eNB). The eNB supports all the user plane and control plane protocols to
enable communication with the UE. It also supports radio resource management, admission
control, scheduling, uplink QoS enforcement, cell broadcast, encryption and compression/
decompression of user data.

The eNB is connected to the core network on the S1 interface. The S1 interface allows the
eNBto communicate with the Mobility Management Entity (MME) via the S1-MME interface
andthe Serving Gateway (SGW) via the S1-U interface. The interfaces support a many to
manyrelationship between eNB and SGW/MME.

The eNB are also networked together using the X2 interface. The X2 interface is based on
thesame set of protocols as the S1 and is primarily in place to allow user plane tunnelling
ofpackets during handover to minimise packet loss.

12 Informa Telecoms & Media

 MME/S-GW MME/S-GW

S1 S1 S1 S1

X2 E-UTRAN
eNB eNB
X2 X2

eNB

Fig. 5 E-UTRAN Architecture

Informa Telecoms & Media 13

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

The Evolved Packet Core contains two principle functions, high speed packet handling and
mobility management, these functions are carried out by the SGW and MME. This separation
offunction allows each to be implemented on a platform optimised for data handling or
message processing. This will result in more optimised performance and allows independent
scaling of each component and efficient topological optimisation of platforms to ensure
consistent service i.e. reduced latencies and maximised throughput.

Serving Gateway (SGW)

The SGW acts as a router, routing and forwarding packets of user data, it is able to provide
transport level packet marking, and the marking process may be used for QoS management
byother network elements. Also some accounting functions for UL/DL services.

The SGW will act as a local anchoring point for inter eNB handover and can also act as a
3GPPanchoring point for handovers between UMTS and LTE. It provides idle mode functions
such as packet buffering and initiation of network triggered service request.

The SGW is also one of the Lawful Interception points in the network.

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

The Mobility management entity (MME) is the primary signalling node in the EPC, NAS signalling
is terminated at this point and included signalling related to bearer establishment and
authentication of the UEs through interaction with the Home Subscriber Server (HSS). It is also
the decision point for SGW selection, and MME, SGW selection during handover where EPC
node change is necessary.

The MME handles roaming functions such as allocation of temporary identities, admission
control and communication with the home HSS on the S6a interface.

Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)

The P-GW is the entry and exit point for UE connectivity with external data networks. It provides
functions of packet filtering, via deep packet inspection, allocation of UE IP addresses, downlink
packet marking, and service level charging, gating and rate enforcement.

The P-GW also acts as an anchor for mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies such
as 3GPP2 CDMA2000 and WiMAX.

14 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Non-3GPP
IMS Internet
access

SGi SGi S2a/b

UMTS P-GW

S3 S5
S11
MME SGW

S1-MME S1-U

eNB

SGW Serving Gateway; router, packet marking, anchor

for inter-eNB handover, some accounting
MME Mobility Management Entity; NAS signalling point,
admission control, bearer setup, authentication,
roaming functions, selects SGW
P-GW Packet Gateway; date entry/exit point, packet
inspection/filtering, IP address allocation, mobility
anchor for non-3GPP handover

Fig. 6 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Components

Informa Telecoms & Media 15

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Reference Points

S1: It provides access to Evolved RAN radio resources for the transport of user plane and
control plane traffic. The S1 reference point shall enable MME and UPE separation and also
deployments of a combined MME and UPE solution.

S2a/b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between a trusted/
not-trusted non-3GPP IP access and the SAE Anchor.

S3: It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access system mobility
inidle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point defined between SGSNs.

S4: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS
Coreand the 3GPP Anchor and is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN
andGGSN.

S5a: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between MME/UPE
and 3GPP anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized S5a exists or whether MME/UPE and 3GPP
anchor are combined into one entity.

S5b: It provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between 3GPP
anchorand SAE anchor. It is FFS whether a standardized S5b exists or whether 3GPP anchor
and SAE anchor are combined into one entity.

S6: It enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing

user access to the evolved system (AAA interface).

S7: It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging
Enforcement Point (PCEP). The allocation of the PCEP is FFS.

SGi: It is the reference point between the Inter AS Anchor and the packet data network.
Packetdata network may be an operator external public or private packet data network
oranintra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This reference
pointcorresponds to Gi and Wi functionalities and supports any 3GPP and non-3GPP
accesssystems.

The interfaces between the SGSN in 2G/3G Core Network and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
will be based on the GTP protocol. The interfaces between the SAE MME/UPE and the 2G/3G
Core Network will be based on the GTP protocol.

16 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Non-3GPP
IMS Internet
access

SGi SGi S2a

UMTS P-GW

S3 S5
S11
MME SGW

S1-MME eNB S1-U

X2

Fig. 7 LTE-SAE Reference Points

Informa Telecoms & Media 17

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Roaming Architecture

Roaming is supported by the SAE, the figure opposite show the situation where a user is
roamed on to a V-PLMN (Visitor PLMN). A roaming agreement must exist between the
homeand visited systems. The pictured scenario may be when the user visits a different
country or where national roaming is supported.

Part of the connection is handled by the visited network, this includes the radio access,
mobilitymanagement and elements of session management. U-plane data is routed via
visitedSGW to the home network P-GW and the S8 interface.

The S8 interface carries both user plane data and control signaling and is based on the
Gpinterface first defined in the GPRS/UMTS core network specifications.

The S6 interface connects the MME to the HSS and handles session and mobility related
signaling including security.

The data sessions are managed locally by the visited network but the call is anchored in
thehome network, allowing the home operator to maintain control of the session. This may
notbe the most efficient routing in terms of cost and system resources, therefore, there is
anoption to route the U-plane traffic to a P-GW in the V-PLMN and make connections, for
example, directly to the internet or local services.

18 Informa Telecoms & Media

 IMS Internet H-PLMN

SGi SGi V-PLMN

S8
P-GW

Optional
routing to
S6 local P-GW
HSS
SGi

S11
MME SGW

S1-MME S1-U

E-UTRAN

Fig. 8 Roaming Architecture Traffic Routed to H-PLMN

Informa Telecoms & Media 19

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Non-3GPP Access
The diagram opposite shows the architecture that allows IP access to the EPC using non-3GPP
access technologies, i.e. Wireless LAN (802.11a,b,g,) WiMAX. There are two possible access
scenarios, both of which appear on the diagram, trusted and non-trusted access.

Where the operator owns and operates the WLAN network, this may be considered a trusted
case, the user data from the WLAN network may be sent directly to the P-GW via the IP based
S2 interface. Information relating to subscriber profiles, authentication vectors, network identity,
charging and QoS information may all be provided to the WLAN access via the Ta interface.
Theinformation is provided via the 3GPP AAA server which acts as an inter-working point
between the 3GPP and IETF worlds. The main purpose of the 3GPP AAA server is to allow
endto end interaction, such as authentications to take place using 3GPP credentials stored
inthe HSS via the Wx interface.

In the non-trusted case, e.g. a corporate entity has its own WLAN network and would like to
offer 3GPP access to its customers, there are additional network elements to maintain the
infrastructure security and integrity. The ePDG (evolved Packet Data Gateway) element carried
all the traffic from the WLAN via a secure tunnel (IPSec) over the Wn interface. The Wm interface
allows the user related data from the HSS via the 3GPP AAA Server, to be exchanged, ensuring
proper tunneling and encryption between the user terminal and the P-GW.

In both of these cases the MME and SGW are redundant.

20 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Non-trusted
WLAN Access IMS Internet

ePDG
Wn SGi
S2
Wm
S2
P-GW
Trusted Wa
WLAN Access Ta 3GPP S5
AAA
S11 S11
Wx S6 MME SGW

S1-MME S1-U
HSS

E-UTRAN

S2 IP based user-plane data

Ta/Wa Transport authentication, authorisation and
charging-related information in a secure manner
Wx Communication between WLAN AAA infrastructure
and HSS, security data, sub profile, charging
Wn Force non-trusted traffic via ePDG tunnel
Wm Authorisation/authentication data, tunnel attributes,
identity mapping, charging characteristics

Fig. 9 Non-3GPP Access to EPC

Informa Telecoms & Media 21

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Interworking with 2G/3G Networks

Where 2G/3G cells are adjacent or overlaid on to E-UTRAN cells there will be a requirement
forinterworking between the different infrastructures to support inter-system mobility. No new
systems elements are required but 2 additional interfaces are specified, S3 and S4.

S3 supports the user and bearer information exchange between the SGSN and the MME during
handover/cell reselection. QoS and user context will be exchange so the target system has all
the information required to re-establish the bearers on the new cell. S3 is based on the IP Gn
interface designed for 2G/3G core architecture.

S4 carries the user plane data between the SGSN and the SGW. The SGW play the role of
themobility anchor in inter-system exchanges, it has a very similar role to the GGSN in 2G/3G
networks. The S4 interface is also based on the Gn interface.

22 Informa Telecoms & Media

 IMS Internet

SGi SGi

P-GW

HSS S6

S11
MME SGW

S1-MME S1-U S3 S4

E-UTRAN SGSN

lu

UTRAN/GERAN

S3 Exchange of bearer information, QoS,

S4 U-Plane traffic

Fig. 10 2G/3G LTE Interworking

Informa Telecoms & Media 23

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Femto Cells

Currently, 3G femto access points, which are the WLAN-like devices residing at customer
premises, are connected to so-called femto gateways via the customers private DSL links
usinglargely proprietary protocols to provide femto-specific functionalities such as plug
andplay, self-organising features, guest user management, roaming or charging. The femto
gateway, which can connect to thousands of femto access points, translates the femto
communication links to the Iu interface, which is the standard connection between a 3G
coreand a 3G access network.

In order to resolve resulting compatibility and interworking issues, 3GPP, the standardisation
body behind the GSM family of technologies, has nominated this issue as a study item in the
upcoming version of its standard, 3GPP Release 8.

Release 8 is also the first version of the 3GPP standard that contains the long awaited fourth-
generation (4G) GSM variant LTE (Long-Term Evolution). Femto aspects in this study cover both
3G (UMTS) and 4G (LTE) infrastructures. 3GPP Release 8 describes the femto architecture in
anofficial standard document for the first time. It introduces the concept of home base stations
for 3G and 4G using the nomenclature Home Node B (HNB) and Home eNodeB (HeNB).
Additionally, it defines a new interface capable of directly connecting home base stations to
3Gand 4G core networks, the IuH interface.

According to the 3GPP specification, all home base stations in the future will have to provide
thefollowing functionality:

HNB and HeNB deployed as small UTRA and EUTRAN cells, respectively, in domestic,
small office and similar environments.
The HNB and HeNB interconnects with the 3G core and Evolved Packet Core, respectively,
over a fixed broadband access network (e.g. DSL, cable, etc.).
Support for full mobility into and out of a HeNB coverage including service continuity where
applicable.
Operators and owners of HeNB and HNB will be able to control access to the resources
provided.

The full specification for HNBs, HeNBs and IuH will become available with Release 9 of the
3GPP standard.

24 Informa Telecoms & Media

 LTE EPC

luH Home eNB

interface
Broadband
network

HeNB deployed as small EUTRAN cells in domestic,

small office etc
HeNB interconnects with the Evolved Packet Core, over
afixed broadband access network (e.g. DSL, cable, etc.)
Support for full mobility into and out of a HeNB coverage
including service continuity where applicable
Operators and owners of HeNB will be able to control
access to the resources provided

Fig. 11 Femto Cell Principles

Informa Telecoms & Media 25

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Self Organising Networks

The objective of the Self-Configuration SON functionality is to reduce the amount of human
intervention in the overall installation process by providing plug and play functionality in the
eNodeBs. The scope of self-configuration functionality is expected to expand and evolve with
upcoming versions of the LTE standard.

Self-Configuration of eNodeBs will reduce the amount of manual processes involved in the
planning, integration and configuration of new eNodeBs. This will result in a faster network
deployment and reduced costs for the operator in addition to a more integral inventory
management system that is less prone to human error.

Self-Configuration is a broad concept which involves several distinct functions that are covered
through specific SON features, such as Automatic Software Management, Self Test and
Automatic Neighbour Relation configuration.

26 Informa Telecoms & Media

 DHCP/DNS
Existing
eNB

SGW

New MME
eNB

OSS

Configuration
and
performance

Automatic software management

Self test
Automatic neighbor relation configuration
Tracking area planning
Physical cell ID planning
Load balancing
Handover optimisations

Fig. 12 Self Organising Network Principles

Informa Telecoms & Media 27

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

Spectrum Requirements for LTE

It is very apparent from many industry sources that the mobile broadband revolution has
begun,in the next few years there will be an ever increasing demand for access to high speed
broadband data services. Technologies like LTE and WiMAX seem very well placed to be able
to offer these services to subscribers in a very cost effective way.

One of the greatest problems to overcome will be availability of spectrum and the availability
ofspectrum in suitable bands. There is a great deal of work currently taking place to ensure
thatoperators have access to a sufficient amount of spectrum to solve the principle problems
ofcoverage and capacity that they face right now and may potentially face to a greater extent
inthe future.

The ITU-R already recognises the coming issues and has begun to address the problem
atWRC 07 and will make further resolutions at WRC11.

28 Informa Telecoms & Media

 800 850 900 950 1000 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 MHz

ITU IMT- M IMT- M

IMT-2000 IMT-2000 S S IMT-2000
allocations 2000 S 2000 S

D M M IMT-2000,
Europe GSM GSM 1800 E
C UMTS S
S
UMTS S
S
band plan
T not yet decided

IMT-
Cellular

GSM IMT- M IMT- M

China GSM
1800 2000
S S
2000 S
2000 Under study
S (regional)

P IMT- M IMT- M
Japan PDC PDC H S S Under study
S 2000 S 2000 S

PCS M M Mobile allocation

North
Cellular AWS S AWS S added, no band
America A D B EF C A D B EF C S S plan yet
Cellular

Cellular

IMT- IMT-
Brazil Cellular
2000 2000

Fig. 13 IMT 2000 Spectrum Allocations (WRC 2000)

Informa Telecoms & Media 29

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

WRC 2007 Spectrum

Under Agenda Item 1.4 to consider frequency-related matters for the future development
ofIMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000.

WRC-07 has identified globally harmonised spectrum for use by International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced).

Additional spectrum was allocated for IMT systems in various new bands, resulting in
392MHzof new spectrum in total in Europe and 428 MHz in the Americas:

20 MHz in the band 450470 MHz (globally)

72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz for Region 1 (Europe) and parts of Region 3 (Asia)
108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz for Region 2 (Americas) and some countries of
Region3 (Asia)
100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally)
200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation, but identified in 82 countries)

Note: These bands will not be available immediately for NGMN usage, but opened to the market
following transition periods of up to several years. Additionally, the allocations regarding the
bands 790-862 MHz and 3.4 3.6 GHz in Region 1 will only come into full effect in 2015 and
2010 respectively.

30 Informa Telecoms & Media

 WRC-07 IMT Identifications
Europe/Africa/ In 81 countries,
Middle East effective 11/17/2010
450
470

790

862

2300

2400

3400

3500

3600
Mobile allocation,
Americas no identification
450
470

698

862

2300

2400

3400

3500

3600
Asia Pacific
450
470

698

862

2300

2400

3400

3500

3600
Legend: Effective immediately in 61 countries, in 6 others a subset of the band
Effective in all countries 17 June 2015
Mobile allocation in 14 countries

Identified in 9 countries

Identified in 10 countries

Identified in 9 countries + mobile allocation everywhere

20 MHz in the band 450470 MHz (globally)

72 MHz in the band 790862 MHz for Region 1 (Europe)
and parts of Region 3 (Asia)
108 MHz in the band 698806 MHz for Region 2
(Americas) and some countries of Region 3 (Asia)
100 MHz in the band 2.32.4 GHz (globally)
200 MHz in the band 3.43.6 GHz (no global allocation,
but identified in 82 countries)

Fig. 14 Additional Spectrum Identified at WRC 2007

Informa Telecoms & Media 31

 LTE Introduction and Architecture Overview

LTE Spectrum Requirements

The table opposite shows the existing bands supported by 3GPP and 3GPP2. The majority
ofthese are already in use with the well known 2G/3G technologies. One of the largest areas
ofinterest for operators and regulators alike is the potential for spectrum re-farming in these
bands. Spectrum neutrality is becoming increasing wide spread, where the regulator lifts the
technology specific nature of the licenses.

UMTS900 has already been approved and there is work taking place on the USA in the
700MHz band. The digital dividend is also another area of interest, analogue TV broadcast
arecoming to an end in many parts of the word leaving behind spectrum in the ranges
470862 MHz.

32 Informa Telecoms & Media

 Operating Brand Total Uplink Downlink
brand name spectrum (MHz) (MHz)
Band I 2.1GHz 2x60MHz 1920 1980 2110 2170
Band II 1900MHz 2x60MHz 1850 1910 1930 1990
Band III 1800MHz 2x75MHz 1710 1785 1805 1880
USA Band IV 1.7/2.1GHz 2x45MHz 1710 1755 2110 2155
Band V 850MHz 2x25MHz 824 849 869 894
Japan Band VI 800MHz 2x10MHz 830 840 875 885
Band VII 2.6GHz 2x70MHz 2500 2570 2620 2690
Band VIII 900MHz 2x35MHz 880 915 925 960
Japan Band IX 1700MHz 2x35MHz 1749.9 1784.9 1844.9 1879.9
Band X 7.7/2.1MHz 2x60MHz 1710 1770 2110 2170
Japan Band XI 1500MHz 2x25MHz 1427.9 1452.9 1475.9 1500.9

New 3GPP USA Band XII Lower 700MHz 2x18MHz 698 716 728 746
work items
USA Band XIII Upper 700MHz 2x12MHz 776 788 746 758
Band XIV 2x10MHz 788 798 758 768
Upper 700MHz
USA
public safety/private

ETSI band Band XV Paired 2.6GHz 2x20MHz 1900 1920 2600 2620
numbers
Band XVI Paired 2.6GHz 2x15MHz 2010 2025 2585 2600

Fig. 15 Existing and Future 3GPP Bands

Informa Telecoms & Media 33