1 How can you maintaining your personal hygiene?

Prepare a brief report about

the maintenance of your personal hygiene?

A Introduction of personal hygiene

Personal hygiene is the basic of health. Personal hygiene is science to maintain health and
healthy living for which active efforts of an individual are essential. Personal hygiene
prevents us for germs and minimizes diseases. Personal hygiene Includes the hygiene
process used in different domestic situations like maintaining Physical hygiene,
respiratory hygiene, hygienic behavior towards food, water, clothes and surroundings.
Personal hygiene teaches us to form a habit of following a healthier life. The attention in
personal hygiene provides a good quality of living. Personal hygiene is practiced
especially at home.

B care of sense organs

The eyes:

1) Eyes are the most delicate organs. We should be careful to protect the eyes
from injury.
 2) We should wash our eyes daily with fresh, clean water.

3) We should not rub or touch the eyes with dirty fingers or a dirty handkerchief.

4) Always study or read in proper light.

The ears:

1) We should not clean the ears with any sharp or pointed object. This could damage
the eardrum.

2) We should cover our ears if there is a very loud sound.

3) We should blow the nose very hard.

4) We should not drop oil or any other liquid in our ears.

The nose:

1. When you wash your face every morning blow your nose to clean it.

2. Always use a clean tissue paper or a handkerchief to clean your nose.

 3. We need to blow our nose but we should not blow very hard.

4. We should use mask to cover our nose.

The tongue:

1. We should clean our tongue every morning when we brush our teeth.

2. We should not eat very hot or very cold food.

3. Drinking sufficient water is good for tongue and oral health.

4. We should not chew tobacco, betel or smoke cigarette

The skin:

1. Clean every part of our body while taking a bath.

2. We should dry our body with a clean towel before you wear fresh clean clothes.

3. Change undergarments daily.

 4. In case of any infection or injury in the skin, we must consult a physicians.

C Body and height

My body weight is 35kg.I have not got proper weight as according to my age. My body is
thin and tall too. I should have weighted more than 35kg according to my body structure.
It means i should eat more balance diet to maintain my body structure according to my
age. My height is 5.2ft.As my height is perfect for my age and body too.

D Balanced diet

As we know a balanced diet is one that gives our body the nutrients it needs to function
correctly. In order to get the proper nutrition from your diet, we should obtain the
majority of your daily calories from:

fresh fruits
fresh vegetables
whole grains
 legumes
nuts
lean proteins
A balanced diet is important because our organs and tissues need proper nutrition to work
effectively. Without good nutrition, our body is more prone to disease, infection, fatigue,
and poor performance. Children with a poor diet run the risk of growth and
developmental problems and poor academic performance. Bad eating habits can persist
for the rest of their lives.Due to lack of balancediet we may suffer from different dieases
like:

1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. stroke
4. diabetes

E Importance of personal hygiene

cleaning the teeth at least once a day. Brushing the teeth after each meal is the
best way of making sure that gum disease and tooth decay are avoided. It is very
important to clean teeth after breakfast and immediately before going to bed.
washing hands with soap before preparing and/or eating food. During normal
daily activities, such as working and playing, disease causing germs may get onto the
hands and under the nails. If the germs are not washed off before preparing food or
eating, they may get onto the food
changing into clean clothes. Dirty clothes should be washed with laundry soap
before wearing them again
hanging clothes in the sun to dry. The sun's rays will kill some disease-causing
germs and parasites.
turning away from other people and covering the nose and mouth with a tissue or
the hand when coughing or sneezing. If this is not done, droplets of liquid containing
germs from the nose and mouth will be spread in the air and other people can breathe
them in, or the droplets can get onto food.

2 Write down any two communication diseases by using following headings:

A Introduction of communication diseases
What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B (HBV) is a virus that infects the liver. There are two categories of disease due
to HBV infection: acute Hepatitis B and chronic Hepatitis B. Acute HBV is a short term
illness that occurs within the first 6 months of infection, and then may be cleared by the
immune system. If it is not cleared by the immune system, it may lead to chronic hepatitis
B infection. Chronic hepatitis B infection may be symptomless for decades, but can
ultimately lead to life-threatening complications, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.

What is measles?

Measles, also called rubeola, is a highly contagious illness caused by a virus. It starts with
fever that gets worse over several days, cough, runny nose, and watery, red eyes. After a
few days a rash develops and lasts up to a week. Then it gets better by itself. Some people
get a more serious case of measles which can cause diarrhea, middle ear infection,
pneumonia (lung infection) or encephalitis (brain infection).

Measles illness during pregnancy can cause early labor, miscarriage, and low birth weight
infants. Measles in people with AIDS or weak immune systems can be very severe.
B Modes of Transmissions

1 Hepatitis B is transmitted through the blood and bodily fluids of an infected individual.
This can take place during sexual contact, sharing of needles, or from mother to baby
during birth. HBV can remain infectious outside the body for more than 7 days, so it is
important for infected individuals to maintain their personal hygiene and a level of
cleanliness in their surroundings. This means cleaning and covering wounds and sores,
and cleaning up spilled blood and other bodily fluids with a mixture of 1 part bleach to 10
parts water. Sharing toothbrushes and razors should be avoided.
Hepatitis B is not spread through food, water, sharing eating utensils, hugging, kissing,
hand holding, coughing, or sneezing. It is also not spread by breastfeeding, but as it may
be spread through blood, breastfeeding should be stopped if the baby is biting the mother.

2 Measles is transmitted through person-to-person when an infected person coughs,

sneezes, or shares food or drinks. The virus travels easily through the air. It can live in the
air and on surfaces for up to two hours. An infected person can pass the virus during the
four days before the rash appears and for four days after the rash begins. A person who is
exposed to measles and is not protected by immunization will probably become sick 7 to
21 days after exposure.

C Symptoms hepatitis B and Measles

What are the signs and symptoms of hepatitis B?

Many individuals who are acutely infected with hepatitis B virus may not experience any
signs or symptoms of their infection. Most others may experience very mild symptoms
that can be mistaken for the flu, such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and nausea and
vomiting. More severe symptoms include abdominal pain, dark urine, joint pain, jaundice
(yellowing of the skin), and clay-colored bowel movements. These symptoms usually
occur within the first six months of infection.

Individuals who become chronically infected with hepatitis B may be asymptomatic for
many years or decades. However, damage may be occurring to their livers, which could
ultimately lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

What are the symptoms of measles?

People usually do not show signs of measles until 7-14 days after being exposed to
someone with measles. Measles can seem like a cold the first few days with a fever (103-
105), cough, sore throat, red watery eyes, and runny nose. About 2-4 days later a red
blotchy rash appears that can last from 5-7 days. The rash starts on the face and neck and
moves down the body.

D Prevention

Hepatitis B

Through vaccination Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and your
family from HBV infection. Talk to your healthcare provider about which
members of your family should be vaccinated
Avoid unsafe sexual practices
Do not share needles.
Do not share toothbrushes or razors.
Wear latex or plastic gloves when in contact with blood, and clean spills.

Measles

Measles is prevented through vaccination. The vaccine that we use today, called MMR,
for measles, mumps and rubella, is highly effective. Measles vaccination protects not just
the person being vaccinated, but the community around them, including babies less than
12 months old who are too young to be vaccinated.