Sample 1-2011 Soln

University of Waterloo
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CHEM 120 - Term Test #1
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
This is test version 001.

Fill in ovals 001 for the Card Number (or Test Master) on your computer answer card.
Name (Print clearly): _______________________________________________________________

First name Surname
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Instructors: W. Power (sec. 001, 005), R. Marta (sec. 002, 006); C. Bissonnette (sec. 003, 004)
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Time Allowed: 50 minutes
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CHEM 120 (Fall 2011) Test #1 (Version 001 Solutions) Page 2 of 17
1. (0.5 marks) Elemental mercury, Hg(l), has a density of 13.6 g mL1 at 25C. What is the
volume of 4.25 grams of Hg(l)?
m
A. 0.313 mL d
V
B. 3.20 mL
C. 17.8 mL where d is density, m is mass and V is volume.
D. 57.8 mL m 4.25 g
Thus, V 0.313 mL
E. none of the above d 13.6 g mL-1
2. (0.5 marks) What is the mass of 0.45 mol S? Choose the closest value.
A. 9.7 g m
M
B. 0.45 g n
C. 14 g where M is the molecular weight, m is mass and n is the
D. 0.049 g number of moles.
E. 15 g
Thus, m M n 32.07 g mol-1 (0.45 mol) = 14 g
3. (0.5 marks) Balance the following equation using the smallest whole number coefficients.
C5H10O5 + O2 H2O + CO2
What is the coefficient of O2 ?
First, balance carbon:
A. 2
C5H10O5 + O2 H2O + 5 CO2
B. 3
C. 5 Second, balance hydrogen:
D. 6 C5H10O5 + O2 5 H2O + 5 CO2

E. none of the above
Last, balance oxygen:
C5H10O5 + 5 O2 5 H2O + 5 CO2
The coefficient of O2 is 5
4. (0.5 marks) Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, is
A. a strong electrolyte
B. a weak electrolyte
C. a nonelectrolyte
Strong electrolytes include:
all aqueous strong acids/bases (you are responsible for memorizing a small list of these) & aqueous ionic
salts (determined by the solubility rules that you are responsible for memorizing)
Weak electrolytes include:

all weak acids/bases
Nonelectrolytes include:
all species that effectively do not ionize in water. Examples from your assignment (and class) used were
alcohols & diols (e.g. ethanol (CH3CH2OH), methanol (CH3OH), ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), etc...) as
examples of nonelectrolytes.
Since sulfurous acid is a weak acid (not on the list of strong acids that you are responsible for
memorizing),
then it is a weak electrolyte.
5. (0.5 marks) What is the oxidation state of C in C2H5OH?
A. 3
The oxidation state of H in a compound is +1 (not in H2), unless the H is
B. +6 attached to a group 1 or 2 metal (e.g. NaH, LiH, CaH 2, etc,...)
C. +2
D. 4 The oxidation state of O in a compound is 2 (not in O2) unless it is
contained in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or is attached to fluorine (e.g. F2O,
E. 2 F2O2, etc,...).
The sum of the oxidation #'s is equal to the net charge of the molecule (or
ion), therefore let x be the oxidation # of C.
oxidation #'s = net charge

2 x 5( 1) ( 2) 1 0
2 x 4
x 2
6. (0.5 marks) Which of the following combinations of solutions yields a precipitate?
A. KNO3(aq) and CaCl2(aq)

B. AgNO3(aq) and NH4Br(aq)
C. Mg(NO3)2(aq) and Li2SO4(aq)
D. More than one of these combinations yields a precipitate.
E. None of these combinations yields a precipitate.
This question addresses the solubility rules that you are responsible for memorizing.
First, exchange the cations (positive ions) attached to the pair of aqueous species.
A. KCl and Ca(NO3)2

B. AgBr and NH4NO3
C. MgSO4 and LiNO3
Second, decide if any of the new species are soluble (aqueous) or insoluble (forms a precipitate).
A. All ionic salts of group 1 metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, etc...) are soluble and all ionic salts containing
nitrate (NO3) are soluble.
B. Ionic salts of Ag+, Hg+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ with halides (Cl, Br, I etc...) are insoluble, therefore AgBr is a
solid precipitate. All ionic salts of ammonium (NH4+) are soluble and all ionic salts containing NO3 are
soluble.
C. Ionic salts of sulfate, SO42 are soluble, except if formed with some group 2 metals (Ca 2+, Ba2+ and Sr2+),
or with Ag+, Hg+, Hg2+ and Pb2+. All ionic salts of group 1 metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, etc...) are soluble and
all ionic salts containing nitrate (NO3) are soluble.
7. (0.5 marks) Is the reaction below a precipitation, an acid-base or an oxidation-reduction

reaction? Assume the reaction occurs in aqueous solution.
CuSO4 + Zn Cu + ZnSO4
A. a precipitation reaction
B. an acid-base reaction
C. an oxidation-reduction reaction
A precipitation reaction involves the formation of an insoluble solid ionic product (based on the
solubility rules) from aqueous reactants.
The reaction shown above has one ionic product (ZnSO4) and it is soluble (aqueous). This is not a
precipitation reaction.
An acid-base reaction must involve the transfer of one or more protons (H +) from one reactant species to
another.
The reactant species in the reaction above contain no hydrogen and therefore cannot transfer protons!
An oxidation-reduction reaction must involve the change in oxidation states of one or more of the
elements contained in the reactant species due to the transfer of electrons.
In the reaction above, in the reactants, the oxidation state of copper (Cu) in CuSO 4 is +2. In the products,
the oxidation state of Cu is 0. In the reactants, the oxidation state of zinc (Zn) is 0. In the products, the
oxidation state of Zn in ZnSO4 is +2. A change in the oxidation states of one or more of the elements
contained within reactant species has occurred, this is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
8. (0.5 marks) What is the percentage by mass of oxygen in UO2?
Molar masses U, 238.0 O, 16.00

(in g mol1)
A. 33%
B. 12%
C. 6.7%
D. 67%
The percentage of O in UO2 is
mO
%O 100%
mUO2
Assume that there is 1 mole of UO2.
If we write an "atomization" equation for UO2, it reminds us of the amounts of U and O contained
within UO2.
UO2 U + 2 O
Between moles:
2O
nO nUO2 1 mol
1 UO 2
2 mol
2
1
From moles:
mO nO MO 2 mol(16 g mol-1 ) = 32 g
mUO2 nUO2 M UO2 1 mol(270 g mol-1 ) = 270 g
mO 32 g
%O 100% 100% 12%
mUO2 270 g
9. (1 mark) What is the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous
solutions of hypochlorous acid, HClO, and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, are
combined?
A. 2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

B. H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l)
C. 2 HClO(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
D. HClO(aq) + OH(aq) ClO(aq) + H2O(l)
E. 2 H+(aq) + 2 ClO(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
When aqueous solutions of an acid and base are mixed, an acid-base neutralization reaction will
occur.
The hydroxide ion (OH) of the base, magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH) 2, will react with the proton
(H+) of the weak acid, HClO. We know that HClO is a weak acid, because it is not on the list of
strong acids to memorize.
The unbalanced molecular equation for the reaction is
HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + H2O(l)
Balance the molecular equation. There is one ClO group on the left side (LS) and two ClO groups
on the right side (RS).
2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + H2O(l)
There are 4 O's on LS and 3 O's on RS.
2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
The molecular equation is balanced. Next, separate all aqueous species that will fully dissociate
into their component ions. HClO is a weak acid and will not fully dissociate. Aqueous Mg(OH)2
will fully dissociate. Mg(OCl)2 is an ionic salt that will dissociate fully (because it is not a
species specified as insoluble by our solubility rules). Therefore,
2 HClO(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH(aq) Mg2+(aq) + 2 ClO(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
Remove the Mg2+ spectator ions and the common factor of 2 in front of each of the remaining
species and the net ionic equation is
HClO(aq) + OH(aq) ClO(aq) + H2O(l)

10. (1 mark) How many moles of K+ ions are there in a 0.12 L of 0.015 mol L1 K2SO4(aq)?
A. 1.8 103 mol

B. 3.6 103 mol
C. 7.2 103 mol
D. 9.4 103 mol
E. 5.4 103 mol
We will use the mole process to find how much K+ will be produced from K2SO4.
First, write a balanced equation for the dissociation (100%) of aqueous K2SO4.
K2SO4(aq) 2 K+(aq) + SO42(aq)
Second, use the mole process.
To moles:
nK2SO4 [K 2SO4 ] VK SO 2 4
= 0.015 mol L-1 (0.12 L) = 0.0018 mol
Between moles:
2 K 2
nK nK SO = 0.0018 mol = 3.610 mol
-3
2 4
1 K 2SO 4
1
11. (1 mark) Consider the unbalanced redox reaction shown below.

MnO4(aq) + ClO2(aq) MnO2(s) + ClO4(aq) (in basic solution)
When the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficients, what is the
coefficient of OH ?
A. 4 Assign oxidation states to the elements in the reaction.
B. 1
The oxidation state of O in a compound is 2 (not in O2) unless it is contained in
C. 3 hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or is attached to fluorine (e.g. F2O, F2O2, etc,...).
D. 2
E. 5 oxidation #'s = net charge
Let x be the oxidation # of Mn in MnO4. Let x be the oxidation # of Cl in ClO2.
x 4( 2) 1 x 2( 2) 1
x 7 x 3
Let x be the oxidation # of Mn in MnO2. Let x be the oxidation # of Cl in ClO4.
x 2( 2) 0 x 4( 2) 1
x 4 x 7
Determine what species are being oxidized and reduced.
Since the oxidation # of Mn in MnO4, changes from +7 to +4 in MnO2, it has become

more negative, thus Mn has gained (GER or RIG) 3 electrons (3e) and is reduced.
Since the oxidation # of Cl in ClO2, changes from +3 to a +7 in ClO4, it has become
more positive, thus Cl has lost (LEO or OIL) 4 electrons (4e) and is oxidized.
Write down the half reactions for the reduction and oxidation processes.
red: MnO4(aq) MnO2(s)

ox: ClO2(aq) ClO4(aq)
Balance the elements being oxidized and reduced where applicable.
The elements being oxidized and reduced are already balanced.
Add in the electrons being transferred (be careful to account for stoichiometry
where applicable).
The Mn in MnO4 gains 3e upon forming MnO4

The Cl in ClO2 loses 4e upon forming ClO4
red: MnO4(aq) + 3e MnO2(s)

ox: ClO2(aq) ClO4(aq) + 4e
11. continued
Combine the half reactions in such a way that the electrons cancel.
This is accomplished by multiplying the reduction half reaction by 4, then adding it to 3

times the oxidation half reaction.
red: [MnO4(aq) + 3e MnO2(s)] 4

gives,
red: 4 MnO4(aq) + 12e 4 MnO2(s)
ox: [ClO2(aq) ClO4(aq) + 4e] 3

gives,
ox: 3 ClO2(aq) 3 ClO4(aq) + 12e
Therefore,
red: 4 MnO4(aq) + 12e 4 MnO2(s)
ox: 3 ClO2(aq) 3 ClO4(aq) + 12e
gives,
4 MnO4(aq) + 3 ClO2(aq) 4 MnO2(s) + 3 ClO4(aq)
Balance the net charge on each side of the equation using hydroxide (OH ) since
this reaction occurs in basic solution.
Net charge on the left side (LS) = 7 & net charge on the right side (RS) = 3
Therefore, we must add 4 OH's to the RS for the net charges of LS = RS.
4 MnO4(aq) + 3 ClO2(aq) 4 MnO2(s) + 3 ClO4(aq) + 4 OH(aq)
Finally, use water (H2O) to balance the oxygen atoms (O) on each side of the
equation.
There are 22 O's on the LS & 24 O's on the RS, therefore, we add 2 H2O's to the LS.
2 H2O(l) + 4 MnO4(aq) + 3 ClO2(aq) 4 MnO2(s) + 3 ClO4(aq) + 4 OH(aq)
The equation can be checked for correctness by noting if the hydrogen atoms (H)
are balanced.
There are 4 H's on the LS & 4 H's on the RS.
The coefficient in front of OH is 4

12. (1 mark) A 0.250 g sample of an unknown acid requires 17.3 mL of 0.140 mol L1 NaOH(aq)
for complete neutralization. What is the molar mass of the acid? Assume that the acid has only
one acidic hydrogen atom.
A. 69.2 g mol1
B. 137 g mol1
C. 14.5 g mol1
D. 242 g mol1
E. 103 g mol1
The molar mass of the unknown monoprotic acid, HX is
mHX
M HX
nHX
The mass of HX is known. We will use the mole process to find how many moles of HX reacted with
the known amount of NaOH.
First, write a balanced equation for the acid-base neutralization of HX with NaOH.
HX(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaX(aq) + H2O(l)
Second, use the mole process.
To moles:
nNaOH [NaOH] VNaOH = 0.140 mol L-1(0.0173 L) = 0.002422 mol
Between moles:
nHX nNaOH
1 HX 1
= 0.002422 mol = 0.002422 mol
1 NaOH 1
From moles:
mHX 0.250 g
M HX 103 g mol-1
nHX 0.002422 mol
13. (1 mark) The chemical formula of acetic acid is CH3COOH. Which of the following statements
concerning acetic acid is true?
Molar masses H, 1.008 C, 12.01 O, 16.00
(in g mol1)
A. The mass percent of H is greater than the mass percent of C.

B. Acetic acid is more than 50% O by mass.
C. When acetic acid is burned in excess O2, the mass of H2O produced is equal to the mass
of CO2 produced.
D. More than one of the statements above is true.
E. None of the above statements are true.
13.
Assume that there is 1 mole of CH3COOH.
If we write an "atomization" equation for CH3COOH, it reminds us of the amounts of C, H and O

contained within CH3COOH. We can then use the mole process to find the amount of each
element contained within acetic acid.
CH3COOH 2 C + 2 O + 4 H
A.
Between moles:

nH nCH3COOH
4H
1 mol
1 CH3COOH
4 mol
4
1
1 mol 2 mol
2C 2
nC nCH3COOH
1 CH3COOH 1
From moles:
mH nH MH 4 mol(1.008 g mol-1 ) = 4.032 g
mC nC MC 2 mol(12.01 g mol-1 ) = 24.02 g
mCH3COOH nCH3COOH MCH3COOH 1 mol(60.052 g mol-1 ) = 60.052 g
The percentages of H & C in CH3COOH are:
mH 4.032 g
%H 100% 100% 6.714%
mCH3COOH 60.052 g
mC 24.02 g
%C 100% 100% 40.00%
mCH3COOH 60.052 g
%C > %H FALSE
13. continued
B.
The percentage of O in CH3COOH is:
%C + %H + %O = 100.0%
%O = 100.0% %C %H
%O = 100.0% 40.00% 6.714%
%O = 53.29% TRUE
C.
Write and balance the equation for the combustion reaction.
CH3COOH + O2 CO2 + H2O
First, balance carbon:

CH3COOH + O2 H2O + 2 CO2
Second, balance hydrogen:

CH3COOH + O2 2 H2O + 2 CO2
Last, balance oxygen:

CH3COOH + 2 O2 2 H2O + 2 CO2
Between moles:
2 H 2O
nH2O nCH3COOH 1 mol
1 CH3COOH
2 mol
2
1
1 mol 2 mol
2 CO 2 2
nCO2 nCH3COOH
1 CH3COOH 1
From moles:
mH2O nH2O MH2O 2 mol(18.016 g mol-1 ) = 36.03 g
mCO2 nCO2 MCO2 2 mol(44.01 g mol-1 ) = 88.02 g
mCO2 mH2O
FALSE
14. (1 mark) Acetylene gas (C2H2) may be produced by carefully adding water to calcium carbide
(CaC2). The chemical equation for the reaction is given below.
CaC2(s) + 2 H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)
When a 37 g sample of impure CaC2 was treated with excess water, 13 g of acetylene gas
was produced. If the reaction gives 100% yield, what was the percentage by mass of CaC2
in the sample?
Molar masses: CaC2, 64.10 H2O, 18.02 Ca(OH)2, 74.10 C2H2, 26.04
(in g mol1)
A. 58%
The percentage of CaC2 in the impure sample is
B. 42% mCaC2
%CaC 2 100%
C. 35% msample
D. 14% We will use the mole process to determine the mass of CaC2(s) required to
E. 86% produce 13 g of C2H2(g).
To moles:
mC2H2 13 g
nC2H2 = 0.4993 mol
M C2 H 2 26.036 g mol-1
Between moles:
1 CaC2
nCaC2 nC2H2 0.4993 mol
1 C2 H 2
0.4993 mol
1
1
From moles:
mCaC2 nCaC2 MCaC2 0.4993 mol(64.10 g mol-1 ) = 32.00 g
The percentage of CaC2 in the impure sample is:
mCaC2 32 g
%CaC 2 100% 100% 86%
msample 37 g
15. (1 mark) What is the minimum volume of 1.50 mol L1 Bi(NO3)3(aq) required to react
with 55.0 mL of 3.00 mol L1 Na2S(aq)? The reaction is given below.
2 Bi(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2S(aq) Bi2S3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
A. 73.3 mL
B. 110 mL
C. 165 mL
D. 36.7 mL
E. 18.3 mL
We will use the mole process to determine the volume of Bi(NO3)3(aq) required to
react with the known amount of Na2S(aq).
The concentration of Bi(NO3)3(aq) is known. The volume of Bi(NO3)3(aq) required is
nBi(NO3 )3
VBi(NO
3 )3

[Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ]
To moles:
nNa S [Na 2S] VNa S = 3.00 mol L-1(0.0550 L) = 0.165 mol
2 2
Between moles:
2 Bi(NO3 )3
nBi(NO3 )3 nNa 2S
3 Na 2S
0.165 mol 0.110 mol
2
3
From moles:
nBi(NO3 )3 0.110 mol
VBi(NO
3 )3
1
0.0733 L = 73.3 mL
[Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ] 1.50 mol L
16. (1 mark) A 0.9300 g sample of a mixture of NaCl and MgCl2 was dissolved in water.
Addition of excess AgNO3(aq) caused all of the chloride ion to precipitate as AgCl(s).
The dry precipitate weighed 2.525 g. What was the percentage by weight of NaCl in the
original mixture?
Molar masses, in g mol1: NaCl, 58.44 MgCl2, 95.21 AgCl, 143.35
A. between 0 and 19.9%

B. between 20.0 and 39.9%
C. between 40.0 and 59.9%
D. between 60.0 and 79.9%
E. between 80.0 and 100%
The percentage of NaCl in the sample is

mNaCl
%NaCl 100%
msample
First, independently write the balanced chemical equations (2 of them) for the precipitation reaction involving each ionic chloride salt
(DO NOT COMBINE THE EQUATIONS).
1. NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

2. MgCl2(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2 AgCl(s)
Write an expression for the total moles of AgCl(s) obtained by the precipitation reaction.
nAgCl total nAgCl from NaCl nAgCl from MgCl2
Let m be the mass of NaCl in the sample and 0.9300 g m be the mass of MgCl2.
To moles:
mAgCl mNaCl m mMgCl2 0.9300 g m
nAgCl total
2.525 g
0.01761 mol nNaCl nMgCl2
M AgCl 143.35 g mol
1 M NaCl 58.44 g mol 1 M MgCl2 95.21 g mol
1
Between moles:
nAgCl total nNaCl n

1 AgCl
1 NaCl
MgCl2
2 AgCl

1 MgCl 2
From moles (solve for m):
mAgCl total mNaCl 1 AgCl mMgCl2 2 AgCl

M AgCl M NaCl 1 NaCl M MgCl2 1 MgCl 2
16. continued
2.525 g m 0.9300 g m
143.35 g mol 1 58.44 g mol 1 2 95.21 g mol 1

0.9300 g m
0.01761 mol m(0.01711 mol g 1 ) 2 -1
2 -1
95.21 g mol 95.21 g mol
1 1
0.01761 mol m(0.01711 mol g ) 0.01954 mol m(0.02101 mol g )
0.01761 mol 0.01954 mol m 0.01711 mol g 1 0.02101 mol g 1
0.01761 mol 0.01954 mol

m 1
0.4949 g
0.01711 mol g 0.02101 mol g 1
The percentage of NaCl in the sample is:
mNaCl 0.4949 g
%NaCl 100% 100% 53.2%
msample 0.9300 g

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University of Waterloo

This is test version 001.

Name (Print clearly): _______________________________________________________________

Student Number: Signature:

Aids Allowed: Electronic Calculator

Time Allowed: 50 minutes

D. 6 C5H10O5 + O2 5 H2O + 5 CO2

C5H10O5 + 5 O2 5 H2O + 5 CO2

4. (0.5 marks) Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, is

Weak electrolytes include:

5. (0.5 marks) What is the oxidation state of C in C2H5OH?

oxidation #'s = net charge

6. (0.5 marks) Which of the following combinations of solutions yields a precipitate?

A. KNO3(aq) and CaCl2(aq)

A. KCl and Ca(NO3)2

7. (0.5 marks) Is the reaction below a precipitation, an acid-base or an oxidation-reduction

8. (0.5 marks) What is the percentage by mass of oxygen in UO2?

Molar masses U, 238.0 O, 16.00

The percentage of O in UO2 is

mUO2 nUO2 M UO2 1 mol(270 g mol-1 ) = 270 g

A. 2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

The unbalanced molecular equation for the reaction is

HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + H2O(l)

2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + H2O(l)

There are 4 O's on LS and 3 O's on RS.

2 HClO(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) Mg(ClO)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

2 HClO(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH(aq) Mg2+(aq) + 2 ClO(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

HClO(aq) + OH(aq) ClO(aq) + H2O(l)

A. 1.8 103 mol

K2SO4(aq) 2 K+(aq) + SO42(aq)

Second, use the mole process.

11. (1 mark) Consider the unbalanced redox reaction shown below.

Determine what species are being oxidized and reduced.

Since the oxidation # of Mn in MnO4, changes from +7 to +4 in MnO2, it has become

red: MnO4(aq) MnO2(s)

Balance the elements being oxidized and reduced where applicable.

The elements being oxidized and reduced are already balanced.

The Mn in MnO4 gains 3e upon forming MnO4

red: MnO4(aq) + 3e MnO2(s)

This is accomplished by multiplying the reduction half reaction by 4, then adding it to 3

red: [MnO4(aq) + 3e MnO2(s)] 4

ox: [ClO2(aq) ClO4(aq) + 4e] 3

4 MnO4(aq) + 3 ClO2(aq) 4 MnO2(s) + 3 ClO4(aq) + 4 OH(aq)

2 H2O(l) + 4 MnO4(aq) + 3 ClO2(aq) 4 MnO2(s) + 3 ClO4(aq) + 4 OH(aq)

There are 4 H's on the LS & 4 H's on the RS.

The coefficient in front of OH is 4

The molar mass of the unknown monoprotic acid, HX is

HX(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaX(aq) + H2O(l)

Second, use the mole process.

nNaOH [NaOH] VNaOH = 0.140 mol L-1(0.0173 L) = 0.002422 mol

A. The mass percent of H is greater than the mass percent of C.

If we write an "atomization" equation for CH3COOH, it reminds us of the amounts of C, H and O

The percentages of H & C in CH3COOH are:

The percentage of O in CH3COOH is:

%O = 100.0% 40.00% 6.714%

First, balance carbon:

Second, balance hydrogen:

Last, balance oxygen:

The percentage of CaC2 in the impure sample is:

2 Bi(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2S(aq) Bi2S3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)

The concentration of Bi(NO3)3(aq) is known. The volume of Bi(NO3)3(aq) required is

Molar masses, in g mol1: NaCl, 58.44 MgCl2, 95.21 AgCl, 143.35

A. between 0 and 19.9%