Automatic Railway Gate Control

A level crossing occurs where a railway line is intersected by a road or

path on one level, without recourse to a bridge or tunnel. It is a type of at-
grade intersection.

The term also applies when a light rail line with separate right-of-way or
reserved track crosses a road in the same fashion. Other names include
railway crossing, railroad crossing, and road through railroad, train
crossing or grade crossing.

Overview

Early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby booth that would, on the
approach of a train, wave a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and clear
the tracks. Manual or electrical closable gates that barricaded the
roadway were later introduced. The gates were intended to be a complete
barrier against intrusion of any road traffic onto the railway. In the early
days of the railways much road traffic was horse drawn or included
livestock. It was thus necessary to provide a real barrier. Thus, crossing
gates, when closed to road traffic, crossed the entire width of the road.
When opened to allow road users to cross the line, the gates were swung
across the width of the railway, preventing any pedestrians or animals
getting onto the line.

With the appearance of motor vehicles, this barrier became less effective
and the need for a barrier to livestock diminished dramatically. Many
countries therefore substituted the gated crossings with weaker but more
highly visible barriers and relied upon road users following the associated
warning signals to stop.

In many countries, level crossings on less important roads and railway

lines are often "open" or "uncontrolled", sometimes with warning lights or
bells to warn of approaching trains. Ungated crossings represent a safety
concern; many accidents have occurred due to failure to notice or obey
the warning.
Level crossings present a significant risk of collisions between trains and
road vehicles. Level crossings in India, China, Thailand, and Malaysia are
still largely manually-operated, where the barriers are lowered using a
manual switch when trains approach.

Block Diagram:-
Circuit Diagram:-
Material Used:-

1. Transformer
2. Diodes
3. Capacitor
4. Voltage Regulator
5. Resistors
6. LED
7. Microcontroller
8. Crystal
9. IR Sensors
10. Opto-couplers

11. Transistors
12. DC Motors
13. IC bases
14. Ribbon wire
15. Jumper wire
16. PCB
17. Soldering Iron
18. Soldering Wire
19. Multimeter
20. Cutter
21. Screw & Nuts

Software Used:-

1. Keil/Atmel Studio
2. Proteus
3. Flash Magic