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Information about Bail in
the
Philippines(/criminal-
cases/41-information-
about-bail-in-the-
philippines)
Category:CriminalCasesandProcedure(/criminalcases)
Published:Thursday,21August201409:37 Writtenby
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Bail(Rule114)Nature
(5)Kindsofbail:
(a)Corporatebondoneissuedbyacorporationlicensed
to provide bail subscribed jointly by the accused and an
officerdulyauthorizedbyitsboardofdirectors(Sec.10).
(b)Propertybondanundertakingconstitutedasalienon
the real property given as security for the amount of the
bond(Sec.11).
(c)Recognizance an obligation of record entered into
usually by the responsible members of the community
before some court or magistrate duly authorized to take it,
withtheconditiontodosomeparticularact,themostusual
actbeingtoassuretheappearanceoftheaccusedfortrial
(Peoplevs.Abner,87Phil.566).
(d)Cashdepositthemoneydepositedbytheaccusedor
anypersonactingonhisbehalf,withthenearestcollectorof
internal revenue, or provincial, city or municipal treasurer.
Consideredasbail,itmaybeappliedtothepaymentofany
feesandcosts,andtheexcess,ifany,shallbereturnedto
theaccusedortowhoevermadethedeposit(Sec.14).
Whenamatterofrightexceptions
(1) All persons in custody shall be admitted to bail as a
matter of right, with sufficient sureties, or released on
recognizanceasprescribedbylaworthisRule(a)beforeor
after conviction by the Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal
Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, or Municipal
CircuitTrialCourt,and(b)beforeconvictionbytheRegional
TrialCourtofanoffensenotpunishablebydeath,reclusion $
perpetua,orlifeimprisonment(Sec.4,Rule114).
(2) If bail can be granted in deportation cases, we see no
justificationwhyitshouldnotalsobeallowedinextradition
cases. After all, both are administrative proccedings where
theinnocenceorguiltofthepersondetainedisnotinissue
(Govt.ofHongkongvs.Olalia,GR153675,April19,2007).
(3) Bail is a matter of right before final conviction, but the
rule is not absolute. The exception is when a person is
chargedwithacapitaloffensewhentheevidenceofguiltis
strong, or when the offense for which on is charged is
punishable by reclusion perpetua. The exception to this
rule,however,isevenifapersonischargedwithacapital
offensewheretheevidenceofguiltisstrong,iftheaccused
hasfailinghealth,hence,forhumanitarianreasons,hemay
be admitted to bail, but that is discretionary on the part of
the court (De La Ramos vs. Peoples Court, 77 Phil. 461
Catiisvs.CA,487SCRA71).
Whenamatterofdiscretion
Guidelinesinfixingamountofbail
Bailwhennotrequired
(1)NobailshallberequiredwhenthelawortheseRulesso
provide.
Whenapersonhasbeenincustodyforaperiodequaltoor
more than the possible maximum imprisonment prescribed
for the offense charged, he shall be released immediately,
without prejudice to the continuation of the trial or the
proceedingsonappeal.Ifthemaximumpenaltytowhichthe $
accused may be sentenced is destierro, he shall be
releasedafterthirty(30)daysofpreventiveimprisonment.
Apersonincustodyforaperiodequaltoormorethanthe
minimumoftheprincipalpenaltyprescribedfortheoffense
charged,withoutapplicationoftheIndeterminateSentence
Laworanymodifyingcircumstance,shallbereleasedona
reducedbailoronhisownrecognizance,atthediscretionof
thecourt(Sec.16).
IncreaseorReductionofBail
(1)Aftertheaccusedisadmittedtobail,thecourtmay,upon
good cause, either increase or reduce its amount. When
increased,theaccusedmaybecommittedtocustodyifhe
does not give bail in the increased amount within a
reasonable period. An accused held to answer a criminal
charge, who is released without bail upon filing of the
complaint or information, may, at any subsequent stage of
the proceedings whenever a strong showing of guilt
appearstothecourt,berequiredtogivebailintheamount
fixed,orinlieuthereof,committedtocustody(Sec.20).
ForfeitureandCancellationofbail
(1) When the presence of the accused is required by the
court or these Rules, his bondsmen shall be notified to
produce him before the court on a given date and time. If
the accused fails to appear in person as required, his bail
shall be declared forfeited and the bondsmen given thirty
(30) days within which to produce their principal and to
show cause why no judgment should be rendered against
themfortheamountoftheirbail.Withinthesaidperiod,the
bondsmenmust:
(a)producethebodyoftheirprincipalorgivethereasonfor
hisnonproductionand
(b)explainwhytheaccuseddidnotappearbeforethecourt
whenfirstrequiredtodoso. $
Failinginthesetworequisites,ajudgmentshallberendered
againstthebondsmen,jointlyandseverally,fortheamount
ofthebail.Thecourtshallnotreduceorotherwisemitigate
theliabilityofthebondsmen,unlesstheaccusedhasbeen
surrenderedorisacquitted(Sec.21).
(2) Upon application of the bondsmen, with due notice to
theprosecutor,thebailmaybecancelleduponsurrenderof
theaccusedorproofofhisdeath.Thebailshallbedeemed
automatically cancelled upon acquittal of the accused,
dismissal of the case, or execution of the judgment of
conviction.Inallinstances,thecancellationshallbewithout
prejudicetoanyliabilityonthebail(Sec.22).
Applicationnotabartoobjectionsinillegalarrest,lack
oforirregularpreliminaryinvestigation