$8/$&,5&8,726'(&255(17($/7(51$'$ RQGH VM  p D DPSOLWXGH GD RVFLODomR LVWR p

 R YDORU GD WHQVmR RVFLOD HQWUH RV YDORUHV

YDORUHV

+ VM  H VM  0  p GHQRPLQDGR FRQVWD
FRQVWDQWH
WH GH IDVH H QRV LQGLFD R YDORU GD WHQVmR QR

PRPHQWRFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRW 

2%-(7,926

'(),1,57(162(&255(17($/7(51$'$6
V0 = V (0 ) = VM sen ( 0 ) 
&2035((1'(52&203257$0(172'$&255(17((/e75,&$(0&,5&8,7266,03/(6&20
)(0$/7(51$'$ $IUHTXrQFLDGDRVFLODomR f pGDGDSRU
'(),1,55($71&,$&$3$&,7,9$(5($71&,$,1'87,9$

1
 f = = 
T 2
)25d$(/(7520275,=(&255(17(6$/7(51$'$6
4XDQGR XP FRQGXWRU
RQGXWRU p XVDGR SDUD
SDUD OLJDU RV SyORV GR JHUDGRU
JHUDGRU H[WHUQDPHQWH p
 1D DXOD  GHVFUHYHPRV HP SULQFtSLR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH IRQWHV GH IRUoD SURGX]LGDXPDFRUUHQWH$FRUUHQWHFRQYHQFLRQDO
UUHQWH$FRUUHQWHFRQYHQFLRQDOQHVVHFRQGXWRUFRPRpGHVHHVSHUDU
FRPRpGHVHHVSHUDU
HOHWURPRWUL] TXH SURGX]HP GLIHUHQoDV GH SRWHQFLDO FRP SRODULGDGH GHILQLGD LVWR p YDL GR SyOR
OR SRVLWLYR SDUD R
R SyOR QHJDWLYR SRUpP D SRODULGDGH GR JHUDGRU
JHUDGRU VH DOWHUQD
IRQWHVTXHWrPXPSyORQHJDWLYRHXPSyORSRVLWLYRVHQGRRSRWHQFLDOHOpWULFRGRSyOR GDQGRRULJHPDXPDFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGD3RULVWR
GDQGRRULJHPDXPDFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGD3RULVWRXPJHUDGRUpFKDPDGRGHIRQWHGH
pFKDPDGRGHIRQWHGH
SRVLWLYRVHPSUHPDLVDOWRTXHRSRWHQFLDOGRSyORQHJDWLYR IRUoDHOHWURPRWUL]GHFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGDRXIRQWHF
IRUoDHOHWURPRWUL]GHFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGDRXIRQWHFD

 4XDQGR VHXV SyORV VmR OLJDGRV H[WHUQDPHQWH SRU PHLR GH DOJXP FRQGXWRU eLPSRUWDQWHQRWDUQHVWHFDVR
QHVWHFDVRTXHLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGRVHQWLGRGDFRUUHQWH
TXHLQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHGRVHQWLGRGDFRUUHQWHD
HOpWULFR Ki FLUFXODomR GH FRUUHQWH VHPSUH QR PHVPR VHQWLGR GHQWUR GHVVDV IRQWHV D IRQWH HVWi VHPSUH HQWUHJDQGR
HQWUHJDQGR HQHUJLD HOpWULFD SDUD DV FDUJDV TXH
TXH DR SDVVDU SHOR
FRUUHQWH FRQYHQFLRQDO YDL GR SyOR SRVLWLYR SDUD R QHJDWLYR JDQKDQGR HQHUJLD FRQGXWRUH[WHUQRFHGHPHVVDHQHUJLD
FHGHPHVVDHQHUJLDDTXHFHQGRRGDQGRRULJHPDRHIHLWR-RXOH
RGDQGRRULJHPDRHIHLWR-RXOH
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SHUFRUUH R FRQGXWRU LQGR GR SyOR SRVLWLYR SDUD R QHJDWLYR SHUGHQGR HQHUJLD HOpWULFD
TXHVHWUDQVIRUPDHPHQHUJLDWpUPLFDQHVVHFRQGXWRU 26&,5&8,7260$,66,03/(6'(&255
0$,66,03/(6'(&255(17($/7(51$'$
(17($/7(51$'$

 3HOR IDWR GH IRUoDUHP DV FDUJDV D VH PRYHUHP VHPSUH HP XP PHVPR
$ILJXUDPRVWUDXPUHVLVWRUOLJDGRDRVSy
PRVWUDXPUHVLVWRUOLJDGRDRVSyORVGHXPJHUDGRULGHDO
ORVGHXPJHUDGRULGHDOGHFRUUHQWH
VHQWLGR HVVDV IRQWHV VmR GHQRPLQDGDV IRQWHV GH FRUUHQWH FRQWtQXD RX IRQWHV
DOWHUQDGDFXMDUHVLVWrQFLDLQWHUQDpQXOD
FXMDUHVLVWrQFLDLQWHUQDpQXOD
FF

 (QWUHWDQWR FRPR GHVFULWR QD DXOD  XP JHUDGRU GH HQHUJLD XP GtQDPR SRU
H[HPSORpXPGLVSRVLWLYRHPTXHSHORXVRGHDOJXPDJHQWHH[WHUQRXPFRQMXQWRGH
HVSLUDV p IRUoDGR D JLUDU FRP YHORFLGDGH DQJXODU FRQVWDQWH HP XP FDPSR PDJQpWLFR
HVWiWLFRHHVWDURWDomRIRUoDRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHXPDIRUoDHOHWURPRWUL]LQGX]LGDQHVVDV
HVSLUDV2UHVXOWDGRpRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHXPDGLIHUHQoDGHSRWHQFLDOHQWUHRVH[WUHPRV
GR FRQGXWRU TXH IRUPD DV HVSLUDV (VWD GLIHUHQoD GH SRWHQFLDO QR HQWDQWR QmR VH
PDQWpPFRQVWDQWHPDVRVFLODVHQRLGDOPHQWH 

 $WHQVmRHQWUHRVSyORVGRJHUDGRUSRGHHQWmRVHUH[SUHVVDSHODHTXDomR )LJXUD  5HVLVWRU R  OLJDGR D XPD IRQWH GH IRUoD HOHWURPRWUL] IHP DOWHUQDGD

= m sen ( t ) 
V = VM sen ( t + 0 ) 
$V IRQWHV GH IHP DOWHUQDGDV VmR XVXDOPHQWH UHSUHVHQWDGDV
UHSUHVHQWDGDV SHORV VtPERORV
PRVWUDGRVQDILJXUD

 
 
 $SOLFDQGRDOHLGDVPDOKDVDHVWHQRYRFLUFXLWRWHPRV

q
= 0 
C


6XEVWLWXLQGRDIHPGDGDQDHTXDomRHQFRQWUDPRVDH[SUHVVmRSDUDDFDUJD
)LJXUD6tPERORVXWLOL]DGRVSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUIRUoDVHOHWURP
6tPERORVXWLOL]DGRVSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUIRUoDVHOHWURPRWUL]HVGHFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGDV
RWUL]HVGHFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGDV
QRFDSDFLWRU
$SOLFDQGRDOHLGDVPDOKDV
DOHLGDVPDOKDVDRFLUFXLWRGDILJXUDREWHPRVDH[SUHVVmR
REWHPRVDH[SUHVVmR
q = C m sen ( t + 0 ) 
Ri = 0 
3DUD HQFRQWUDUPRV D FRUUHQWH QR FLUFXLWR GHULYDPRV HVWD ~OWLPD HTXDomR HP
&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHDIHP
&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHDIHPVHMDGDGDSRU
UHODomRDRWHPSRHHQFRQWUDPRV

= m sen ( t + 0 )  
= C m cos ( t + 0 ) 
dq
i=
dt
HQFRQWUDPRVDH[SUHVVmRSDUDDFRUUHQWHQRFLUFXLWR
QFRQWUDPRVDH[SUHVVmRSDUDDFRUUHQWHQRFLUFXLWR
4XHUHPRV H[SUHVVDU D FRUUHQWH HP WHUPRV GH XPD VHQyLGH LVWR p HP XPD
m
i= sen ( t + 0 ) = im sen ( t + 0 )  
IRUPDVHPHOKDQWHDGDVHTXDo}HVH
R
m
3RGHPRVYHUTXHDFRUUHQWHRVFLOD
RGHPRVYHUTXHDFRUUHQWHRVFLODQmRVyFRPDPHVPDIUHTXrQFLDPDV
QmRVyFRPDPHVPDIUHTXrQFLDPDV i= = sen ( t + 0 + 2) = im sen ( t + 0 + 2)  
FRPDPHVPDIDVH ( t + 0 ) GDIRUoDHOHWURPRWUL]DSOLFDGD (1 C )
9HPRVQHVWDH[SUHVVmRTXHDFRUUHQWHWHPXPDDPSOLWXGH
$DPSOLWXGHGDRVFLODomRGDFRUUHQWH
DPSOLWXGHGDRVFLODomRGDFRUUHQWHpGDGDSRU

m
m im =  
im =   XC
R
RQGHLQWURGX]LPRVDJUDQGH]D X C TXHOLPLWDDFRUUHQWHQHVWHFLUFXLWRGDPHVPDIRUPD
(VWDH[SUHVVmRpLGrQWLFDjTXHHQFRQWUDPRVTXDQGR
(VWDH[SUHVVmRpLGrQWLFDjTXHHQFRQWUDPRVTXDQGRVXEPHWHPRVXPUHVLVWRUD
VXEPHWHPRVXPUHVLVWRUD
TXHDUHVLVWrQFLDRID]QRFLUFXLWRSXUDPHQWHUHVLVWLYRUHSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUD(VVD
XPDIHPGHFRUUHQWHFRQWtQXDGHYDORULJXDOD m 
XPDIHPGHFRUUHQWHFRQWtQXDGHYDORULJXDOD
JUDQGH]DpGHQRPLQDGDUHDWkQFLDFDSDFLWLYDGRFLUFXLWR
1D ILJXUD  YHPRV
YHPRV XP FDSDFLWRU OLJDGR DRV WHUPLQDLV GH XPD IRQW
IRQWH GH IRUoD
HOHWURPRWUL]DOWHUQDGD 1
XC =  
C

4XDQGR DSOLFDPRV XPD WHQVmR FRQWtQXD HP XP FDSDFLWRU HVWH p FDUUHJDGR H
UDSLGDPHQWHDWLQJHDWHQVmRIRUQHFLGDSHODIRQWHQmRSHUPLWLQGRPDLVDSDVVDJHPGH
FRUUHQWH,VWRVLJQLILFDTXHDUHVLVWrQFLDjSDVVDJHPGHFRUUHQWHWRUQDVHLQILQLWD

$GHILQLomRGHUHDWkQFLDFDSDFLWLYDHVWiGHDFRUGRFRPHVWHUHVXOWDGRMiTXHXPD
WHQVmRFRQWtQXDHTXLYDOHDXPDRVFLODomRQROLPLWHHPTXHDIUHTXrQFLDWHQGHD]HURHD
 UHDWkQFLDQHVVHFDVRWHQGHDLQILQLWR

)LJXUD&DSDFLWRU C OLJDGRDXPDIHPDOWHUQDGD = m sen ( t + 0 ) 

 
 
 3RGHPRV YHU TXH
XH D FRUUHQWH WDPEpP RVFLOD FRP D
D PHVPD
PHVPD IUHTXrQFLD GD QRYHQWD JUDXV RX 2  UDGLDQRV FRP UHODomR j IDVH GD WHQVmR DSOLFDGD DR
IRQWH PDV TXDQGR
R H[SUHVVD HP WHUPRV GH XPD VHQy
VHQyLGH
LGH WHP D VXD IDVH LQGXWRU
DGLDQWDGD HP QRYHQWD JUDXV RX 2  UDGLDQRV FRP UHODomR j IDVH GD IHP
$DPSOLWXGHGDFRUUHQWHpGDGDSRU
DSOLFDGD

)LQDOPHQWH QD ILJXUD  YHPRV

HPRV XP LQGXWRU OLJDGR D QRVVD IRUoD HOHWURPRWUL] m
im =  
DOWHUQDGD XL

RQGHLQWURGX]LPRVDJUDQGH]D X L 

X L = L  

 GHQRPLQDGDUHDWkQFLDLQGXWLYDGRFLUFXLWR

)LJXUD,QGXWRU L OLJDGRDXPDIHPDOWHUQDGD = m sen ( t + 0 )  $ UHDWkQFLD LQGXWLYD p DQiORJD j UHVLVWrQFLD QR FLUFXLWR SXUDPHQWH UHVLVWLYR
UHSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUDRXjUHDWkQFLDFDSDFLWLYDQRFLUFXLWRSXUDPHQWHFDSDFLWLYR
 UHSUHVHQWDGRQDILJXUD

'HDFRUGRFRPDOHLGDVPDOKDV
'HDFRUGRFRPDOHLGDVPDOKDVWHPRV $XQLGDGHGDVUHDWkQFLDVFDSDFLWLYDHLQGXWLYDQR6,DVVLPFRPRDGDUHVLVWrQFLD
HOpWULFDpR2KP 
di
L = 0   6DEHPRV GH DFRUGR FRP D OHL GH )DUDGD\ TXH XP LQGXWRU UHDJH jV
dt
YDULDo}HV GD FRUUHQWH QR WHPSR H QmR DR YDORU GHVWD SURSULDPHQWH 3RU LVWR
 6XEVWLWXLQGR SHODH[SUHVVmRQD
SHODH[SUHVVmRQDHTXDomRHQFRQWUDPRV TXDQWR PDLV UiSLGDV VXDV YDULDo}HV RX TXDQWR PDLRU D IUHTXrQFLD GDV
RVFLODo}HVPDLRUDUHDWkQFLDLQGXWLYD
di m
= sen( t + 0 ) 
dt L  3RU RXWUR ODGR VH DV YDULDo}HV QD FRUUHQWH VmR PXLWR OHQWDV R LQGXWRU
SRXFR UHDJH D HODV H VXD LQGXWkQFLD p HQWmR SHTXHQD 1R OLPLWH HP TXH D
 (VWD HTXDomR SRGH VHU LQWHJUDGD SDUD VH HQFRQWUDU D
D FRUUHQWH QR FLUFXLWR 2
IUHTXrQFLD WHQGH D ]HUR WHPRV XPD FRUUHQWH OLPLWDGD DSHQDV SRU DOJXPD
UHVXOWDGRp
UHVLVWrQFLDGRILRGHTXHpIHLWRRLQGXWRUHDUHDWkQFLDLQGXWLYDWHQGHD]HUR

m
i= cos ( t + 0 )  
L
(;(03/2
 1RYDPHQWHH[SUHVVDPRV
1RYDPHQWHH[SUHVVDPRVDFRUUHQWHHPWHUPRVGHXPDVHQyLGH
LGH
8P LQGXWRU GH LQGXWkQFLD L = 3,00 m H  H UHVLVWrQFLD GHVSUH]tYHO p OLJDGR D XPD IRQWH

i = m sen ( t + 0 2) = im sen ( t + 0 2 )  
GH WHQVmRFDGHYDORU 120 V 4XDOVHUiDDPSOLWXGHGD FRUUHQWHTXDQGRDIUHTXrQFLD
L
DQJXODUIRUUDGV"(UDGV"

1RYDPHQWH D FRUUHQWH RVFLOD QD PHVPD IUHTXrQFLD GD IHP PDV

PDV YHPRV
TXHDJRUDDFRUUHQWHpUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUXPDVHQy
HQWHpUHSUHVHQWDGDSRUXPDVHQyLGHFRPDIDVHDWUDVDGDHP
LGHFRPDIDVHDWUDVDGDHP 62/8d2 'H DFRUGR FRP D HTXDomR  D DPSOLWXGH GD FRUUHQWH p GDGD SHOD

 
 
HTXDomR m = 120V &DOFXOHDVUHDWkQFLDVLQGXWLYDVHRYDORUGDDPSOLWXGHGDFRUUHQWHTXDQGRD
IUHTXrQFLDDQJXODUIRU
m D UDGV
im = = m
XL L  E UDGV


4XDQGRDIUHTXrQFLDIRULJXDODUDGV



120V
im =
( )
(100 rad / s ) 3,0 10 3 H  

im = 400 A  

(TXDQGRGDIUHTXrQFLDIRULJXDODUDGV 


120V 
im =
(
(1000 rad / s ) 3,0 10 3 H )



im = 40 A 


2EVHUYH TXH TXDQGR D IUHTXrQFLD GH RVFLODomR IRU  YH]HV PDLRU D DPSOLWXGH GD 

FRUUHQWHVHUiYH]HVPHQRU 



$7,9,'$'( 

&RQVLGHUHXPFDSDFLWRUGHFDSDFLWkQFLD C = 5,00 F FRQHFWDGRDXPDIRQWHFDVHQGR 

m = 120V &DOFXOHDVUHDWkQFLDVFDSDFLWLYDVHRYDORUGDDPSOLWXGHGDFRUUHQWHTXDQGR 
DIUHTXrQFLDDQJXODUIRU

D UDGV

E UDGV



$7,9,'$'(

&RQVLGHUH XP LQGXWRU GH LQGXWkQFLD C = 10,0 mH  FRQHFWDGR D XPD IRQWH FD VHQGR


 
 
5(63267$&20(17$'$'$6$7,9,'$'(63523267$6 X L = 1,00 
 (DDPSOLWXGHGDFRUUHQWHpLJXDOD

$7,9,'$'(
m m
im = = 
D4XDQGRXPFDSDFLWRUpOLJDGRDXPDIRQWHGHWHQVmRFDFRPRPRVWUDDILJXUD XL L
D FRUUHQWH WDPEpP RVFLOD FRP D PHVPD IUHTXrQFLD GD IRQWH $ UHDWkQFLD FDSDFLWLYD p
3DUDXPDIUHTXrQFLDLJXDODUDGVWHPRV
GDGDSHODHTXDomR

m m 120V
XC =
1
=
1
= 2,00 10 3  im = = = 
C (100 rad / s )(5,00 10 6 F ) XL L 1,00

(DDPSOLWXGHGDFRUUHQWHpLJXDOD im = 120 A 

m
im = = m C  2EVHUYHTXHQHVVHFLUFXLWRDUHDWkQFLDpGLUHWDPHQWHSURSRUFLRQDOjIUHTXrQFLDPDVD
XC
FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD p LQYHUVDPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDO j HOD (QWmR VH D IUHTXrQFLD GD IRQWH

3DUDXPDIUHTXrQFLDLJXDODUDGVWHPRV
(
im = (120V )(100 rad / s ) 5,00 10 6 C
DXPHQWD D UHDWkQFLD DXPHQWD H D DPSOLWXGH GD FRUUHQWH GLPLQXL DR FRQWUiULR GR

) FLUFXLWRFRPDPHVPDIRQWHHXPFDSDFLWRUPRVWUDGRQDILJXUD

F3DUDXPDIUHTXrQFLDYH]HVPDLRUTXHDGRLWHPDLJXDODUDGVWHUHPRV
im = 6,00 10 2 A
XPDUHDWkQFLDLQGXWLYDYH]HVPDLRUHXPDFRUUHQWHYH]HVPHQRU

2EVHUYHTXHQHVVHFLUFXLWRDUHDWkQFLDpLQYHUVDPHQWHSURSRUFLRQDOjIUHTXrQFLDPDV X C = 10,0 
D FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD p GLUHWDPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDO j HOD (QWmR VH D IUHTXrQFLD GD IRQWH
im = 12,0 A 
DXPHQWD D UHDWkQFLD GLPLQXL H D DPSOLWXGH GD FRUUHQWH DXPHQWD DR FRQWUiULR GR


FLUFXLWRFRPDPHVPDIRQWHHXPLQGXWRUPRVWUDGRQDILJXUD
(;(5&&,26'(),;$d2
E3DUDXPDIUHTXrQFLDYH]HVPDLRUTXHDGRLWHPDLJXDODUDGVWHUHPRV
XPDUHDWkQFLDFDSDFLWLYDYH]HVPHQRUHXPDFRUUHQWHYH]HVPDLRU 

X C = 2,00 10  2
(&RQVLGHUH XP LQGXWRUGH UHVLVWrQFLDGHVSUH]tYHOVHQGR L = 2,0 H  OLJDGR DXPD

IRQWH GH WHQVmR FD GH YDORU 50 V  'HWHUPLQH D DPSOLWXGH GD FRUUHQWH TXDQGR D
im = 6,00 10 1 A 
IUHTXrQFLDDQJXODUIRU 1 = 100 rad / s  2 = 1000 rad / s H 3 = 10 000 rad / s 


$7,9,'$'( (8PFDSDFLWRUGHFDSDFLWkQFLD C = 3,5 F HVWiFRQHFWDGRDXPDIRQWHFDVHQGR

D4XDQGRXPLQGXWRUpOLJDGRDXPDIRQWHGHWHQVmRFDFRPRPRVWUDDILJXUDD m = 100V  &DOFXOH R YDORU GD DPSOLWXGH GD FRUUHQWH TXDQGR D IUHTXrQFLD DQJXODU IRU
FRUUHQWHWDPEpPRVFLODFRP DPHVPDIUHTXrQFLDGDIRQWH$UHDWkQFLD LQGXWLYDpGDGD
1 = 100 rad / s  2 = 1000 rad / s H 3 = 10 000 rad / s 
SHODHTXDomR

(
X L = L = (100 rad / s ) 10,0 10 3 H ) ('HWHUPLQHDUHDWkQFLDGHXPLQGXWRUGH 2,0 H SDUDXPDIUHTXrQFLDGH 90 Hz 

 
 
( &DOFXOH D LQGXWkQFLD GH XP LQGXWRU FRP UHDWkQFLD X L = 110  SDUD XPD
IUHTXrQFLDGH 80 Hz 

( &DOFXOH D UHDWkQFLD GH XP FDSDFLWRU GH FDSDFLWkQFLD C = 6,0 F  SDUD XPD

IUHTXrQFLDGH 60 Hz 

('HPRQVWUHTXHDVH[SUHVV}HV L H 1 C WrPXQLGDGHVGHUHVLVWrQFLD