Car Park Ventilation System

Kruger Jet Fan Ventilation Systems

The ventilation specialist you can rely on

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 Ventilation System in Car Park
Purging of Smoke and Heat based on Induced Jet Fans

Air Jet Fan Normal ventilation is used during normal traffic operation to maintain acceptable levels
Ventilation System of contaminants (CO and CO2) in the car park areas. A 6 ACH (Air Change per Hour) is
recommended for the normal ventilation purpose.

A ventilation system that is based on Emergency Ventilation is introduced during a fire mode to remove, control and dilute of
the utilisation of induced air jet fans is smoke and contaminants particles. The major purpose of emergency ventilation is to
an alternative to the conventional duct provide a car park environment sufficiently clear of smoke and hot contaminant gases to
system. The air in one region can be permit safe evacuation. Building regulations state the requirement for 10 ~ 12 ACH (Air
transported through a long distance by Change per Hour) in the event of fire operation.
the induction of the air through the fan
units in a series mode. However there
are many factors such as the allocated
number of units and the volume flow
rate of each of these units that affect an
optima arrangement of fans to provide
good ventilation. In addition, there are
also flow barriers and obstacles in an
architectural facility such as pillars and
beams that will affect the air flow of the
system. Such an arrangement is also
dependent on the structural
configuration of the building. Kruger has Illustration of system velocity profile using Surface response curves for z-
the expertise of presenting effective colour plot. 500 monitor points scattered vector velocity
ventilation under fire conditions. An over 1819 meters (represented by black
operational example of the vehicle dots) measure the localised z-velocity in the
tunnel ventilation during a fire outbreak (x, z) spatial grid
is shown below.

Air Flow Profile of Air Jet Fan

Tunnel
Entrance
and
Fresh air
inlet

Jet Fans Air Flow

Induced air jet fans add momentum to

both air and smoke flow in a vehicle tunnel

Ventilation system based on air jet fans is able to induce

heat and smoke effectively out of a car park despite
beam obstacles on the ceiling

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 Kruger Jet Fan Ventilation System
Integrating our fans to design the perfect ventilation system
Jet Fan Ventilation
System
Induced jet fan or ductless fan system is
another alternative to air supply ducts in
buildings. It allows savings in operating costs
in comparison with the conventional duct
system. In addition, it is less costly to develop
a smoke purge system based on an array of
axial fans instead of the conventional duct-
based system. The fan units can be arranged
in series or parallel modes. The key objective
is to enable a continuous chain of air flow
through these units without the use of a
physical duct.
The induction of air through multiple units
results in a chain of continuous moving air that
can remove organic gases such as carbon
monoxide (CO) from the exhaust of cars and
carbon dioxide (CO2) from humanoid
occupants in an enclosed space. Since such a
ventilation system can create a channel of air
motion effectively, it replaces the conventional
ducting system to transport air. The
elimination of ducts also means savings in
space and cost due to the spatial constraint
enforced by the geometry of the ceiling and
other installations that may act as obstacles.
Furthermore, the airstream can be directed in
any orientation and both heating and cooling
modes are available.
Kruger Jet Fan Ventilation system
Characteristics of Jet Fan Ventilation System
Exhaust Fan: Base on 10 ~ 12 ACH, emergency fire mode and 6 ACH for
normal mode operation.
Make-up Fan: To introduce fresh air into the car park area by mechanical
fresh air fans with the capacity of 50 ~ 80 % of the
Exhaust Ventilation Fan.
Both fresh air ducting system and exhaust ducting systems are designed
parking area throughout the whole parking area.
A series of induced jet fans are installed to evenly distribution and
effectively direct the smoke and contaminants air to the exhaust.
Kruger Jet Fan Ventilation System
This longitudinal ventilation is achieved with specially designed Kruger Jet
Fans, which create an impulse, that push and force the smoke or contaminants
air along the direction as designed. The high air velocity outlet of the Kruger
Jet Fan is specially guided by the pre-designed outlet and inlet guide vane
which will provide a long distance of air throw that creates an induce air
towards the jet profile. These induce air help ventilate and dilute the
contaminants air at the low level especially on the normal mode where CO or
CO2 were exhausted out by automobile in the car park.
Advantages of Kruger Jet fan System
Eliminates of complicated ductworks:
Totally no duct require or minimum short ducting. Reduce the needs of
expansion distribution ductwork, grill, louver, damper and etc.
Higher efficiency:
Reduce system loss of complicated ductwork. Thus, reduce motors power,
sound level, and finally electrical consumption reduction.
Space and clear height:
More space and optimize clear height for car park and make other services
(water piping, wiring and etc) installation easier.
Reduce completion time:
Eliminate complicated ductworks construction time. Reduce other services
installation and co-ordinate time.
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 Smoke Control Using Jet Fans
Looking into the modern smoke control system

Kruger Electronic-based Smoke Control System

Kruger Smoke Control System + ch7 ch6 ch5 ch4 ch3 ch2 ch1 ch0
Frequency Inverter
Control Signal Exhaust Fans

-
Exhaust Fan Controller Activation Smoke, Heat

Kruger smoke control system is the state-of-the-art

and CO Probes
ch7 ch6 ch5 ch4 ch3 ch2 ch1 ch0
Heat

technology that is developed by our very own team of

Sensors

CO

engineers. As a result, it is of low initial cost and we ensure

Temperature Indicator Measured Signal
Sensors

Air Jet Fan Controller Smoke

high quality and reliable data acquisition from sensor

Measured Signal Sensors
CO Indicator
ch7 ch6 ch5 ch4 ch3 ch2 ch1 ch0

probes and accurate control based on low level

Measured Signal
Smoke Indicator

programmed algorithms. Threshold Functions

Supply Fan Controller

The control system typically consists of smoke, heat and Smoke Control System

CO probes that are strategically positioned at various + -

locations in a car park. These probes detect temperature

ch3 ch2
Control Signal Kruger

and count of smoke particles and send the signal to a

Frequency Inverter
Jet Fans

control system. If the system identifies an abnormal rise of

Activation
Smoke, Heat
Power Supply
heat and smoke concentration within a short period of time
ch1 and CO Probes

that signifies the possibility of a fire, an alarm will be

Heat
Sensors
Air Jet Fan

activated. When these concentrations reach a level that is

CO
Controller
Temperature Indicator Measured Signal
Sensors
Channels

above the threshold set by the system, the supply and

Smoke
ch2 Measured Signal Sensors
CO Indicator

exhaust fans will be increased to a higher operation by the

ch3
Measured Signal
Smoke Indicator

controller. The induced jet fans will also have a higher

volume flow rate to purge the smoke and heat at a faster ch5 ch4
Supply Fans
rate so that visibility can be reduced to an acceptable level
Control Signal
Frequency Inverter

for humans to find their escape routes. Activation

Smoke, Heat
Supply Fan ch2 and CO Probes

Sensors are evenly distributed in a car park and the system

Controller
Channels Heat
Sensors

is able to detect the location where there is a fire outbreak.

CO

Temperature Indicator Measured Signal

Sensors

If the fire is localised in a space, only the fans that are

Smoke
ch4
Measured Signal Sensors

within the encapsulation perimeter from the centre of the

CO Indicator
ch5
Measured Signal

fire are activated.

Smoke Indicator

Shown above is a smoke control electronic system for a

car park that is installed with induced air jet fans, as
well as exhaust and supply fans. It is built with heat,
smoke and CO sensors that will detect the presence of
high temperature and smoke generation. The fans
within the region of the fire will be activated to remove
the undesirable contaminants at an increased rate.

Emergency smoke and heat purge by induced

air jet fan ventilation system in a car park
Emergency region that requires immediate
purge of smoke and heat

On the left: When the sensors detect the presence of

high temperature and smoke concentration, the fans
assigned to the segment which the controller identifies
as the fire region is activated. Only activated fans within
Legend
Activated
Jet Fan
Activated
Exhaust
Activated
Supply
Air Flow Heat, Smoke
& CO sensors
Fire the vicinity of the fire takes part in the purging process.
Fan Fan

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An Effective Ventilation System
Our system design methodology

Design Design of an Effective Computational

Methodology Ventilation System Fluid Dynamics

Systematic approach which consists All ventilation systems designed

of building survey, followed by the for car parks are verified at
identification of air sources, Kruger using Computational Fluid
pressure differences and resistances Dynamics (CFD) software.
to flow is implemented at Kruger. Simulation models of the building
Once an efficient air circuit is (or car park) are built, tested and
designed, the pressure differences analysed. The details of the
at various locations are modified to development and validation of a
achieve the desired flow rates at ventilation model using jet fans is
different zones. The pressure given. The model has been
differences or energy potential Computational model showing car extensively validated using the
differences flows over the resistors park floor layout test data from CFD simulation.
such as obstacles, pillars, ceiling The effectiveness of ventilation is
beams, walls and staircases in the determined by the degree of
car park. Once we have confirmed stagnant air regions during
that an effective air current is normal operation mode of the fan
flowing, the next step will be to vary units and the magnitude of gas
the potential difference and contaminants and heat resulting
resistance to create the desired from a simulated fire when the
current. This means that we can units are activated at full power.
modify the total number or volume
flow rates of the fans that control
the total volume flow rate for
supply, exhaust or migration of air
from one point to another.
Computational models used in the design of the
ventilation system that is based on Kruger Jet
Fans in the Bandar Utama Project, Malaysia

Identification of Adjusting Verify

Architectural flow Placement of volume flow rate effectiveness of Deliver CFD
survey of car requirements fans and design of induced jet ventilation outputs and
park and obstacles in of air circuit fans and supply system design graphs
enclosure exhaust fans using CFD

Systematic approach for the design of Kruger Jet Fan Ventilation System in a car park

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 Computational Fluid Dynamics
A powerful tool in our organisation

A fire is typically simulated within the facility and the fans are
Computational Fluid Analysis activated to the full power mode. The volume flow rate of
each fan is doubled and smoke concentration plots are
prepared for the fire situation. For both the normal and
emergency operational modes, the CFD model of a ventilation
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been system is sometimes verified using experimental results.
undertaken to provide an effective method of determining Useful deduction on the performance of the system is made.
the optimum placement of induce air jet fan units in an Steady and transient state solutions provide insights on the
enclosure, so as to achieve the best ventilation. The most effective smoke control using our designed ventilation
examination of the air circuitry is important in ensuring system.
that the distribution of air and its movement properties are
sufficient to provide the enclosure for both general and
emergency ventilation cases. In a car park, the general
Fire simulation in car park from isometric
ventilation of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide view
(CO2) is achieved by the daily and periodic operation of the
induce jet fans. During a fire outbreak when smoke is
produced at high rates, all the fans are activated at full
power to push the dangerous contaminants out of the
building. Therefore, it is vital that jet fans are positioned
strategically throughout the car park to maintain a
distribution of air that covers sufficient areas to remove
potential stagnant air regions known as dead spots and
which moves fast enough to transport any contaminants
produced within the enclosure.

CFD has been used to illustrate the effectiveness of CFD simulation outputs enables us to predict the
positioning fans based on our specialists proposed distribution of smoke and heat from a fire source
configuration. The degree of ventilation is analysed and how air flows through the spatial region in
using the speed, smoke concentration, and the car park
temperature contour plots of the ventilation system
that is operating at normal and emergency modes
from the front, plan and side views

Air jets from fans at fan height Smoke Concentration Level (ppm)
level

Temperature Level (deg Celsius) Air Speed Level (m/s)

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General Information
Contacting our organisation
SINGAPORE
KRUGER VENTILATION INDUSTRIES PTE LTD
No. 17, Tuas Avenue 10
Singapore 639141
Tel. +65 68611577 - Fax +65 68613577
Email: mktg@krugerasia.com
MALAYSIA
KRUVENT INDUSTRIES (M) SDN BHD
Lot 8, Jalan Perusahaan 2 Batu Caves
Industrial Area, 68100 Batu Caves Selangor
Tel. +603 61888293 - Fax +603 61898843
Email: mktg@kruger.com.my
BEIJING
BEIJING KRUGER M&E EQUIPMENTS CO. LTD
No. 1A Fuyuan South Road
Beijing Economical And Technological
Development Area, Beijing China 100176
Tel. +86 10-67881366 - Fax +86 10-67880566
Email: krugerbj@krugerchina.com
HONG KONG
KRUGER VENTILATION (HONG KONG) LIMITED
Flat B, 9/F, Yeung Yiu Chung (No.8) Industrial Building,
20 Wang Hoi Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel. +852 22469182 Fax +852 22469187
Email: cfyau@kruger.com.hk
WUHAN
WUHAN KRUGER INDUSTRIES CO. LTD
No. 12 Heping Tieji Industries Parden Hongshan
Economic Zone, Wuhan P.R.China 430063
Tel. +86 27- 86718165 - Fax +86 27- 86825719
Email: whkruger@krugerchina.com
PHILIPPINES
KRUGER M&E INDUSTRIES CORPORATION
FAPI Compound, E. Rodriguez Ave.
Tunasan, Muntinlupa City, Philippines 1773
Tel. +63 2-8622891-97 - Fax +63 2-8621287
Email: mktg@krugerph.com
INDONESIA
P.T. KRUGER VENTILATION INDONESIA
Ruko Mahkota Mas Blok C No. 20
JL. M.H. Thamrin Cikokol Tangerang 15117
Tel. +62 21-5543107/8 - Fax +62 21-5543016
Email: kia@krugerindo.co.id
KOREA
NEOMATE TECHNOLOGY & CONSULTING CO. LTD
#A-407-1, Ansung B/D, 410-13, Shindorim-Dong,
Kuro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
Tel. +82 02-2679-2052/3 - Fax +82 02-2679-2174
Email: neomatetnc@chol.com
SINGAPORE
KRUGER ENGINEERING PTE LTD
No. 17, Tuas Avenue 10
Singapore 639141
Tel. +65 68631191 - Fax +65 68631151
Email: mktg@krugerasia.com
THAILAND
KRUGER VENTILATION IND. (THAILAND) CO. LTD
1/19 Moo 2 Rama II Rd, Tasai
Mueng Samuthsakorn 74000, Thailand
Tel. +66 34-490164-9/375-6 - Fax +66 34-490170/377
Email: mktg@kruger.co.th
GUANGZHOU
GUANGZHOU KRUGER M&E INDUSTRIES LTD
No. 1270 Maogang Road, Huangpu
Guangzhou, P.R. China 510700
Tel. +86 20-82287634 - Fax +86 20-82287624
Email: gzkruger@krugerchina.com
SHANGHAI
SHANGHAI KRUGER INDUSTRIES CO. LTD
No. 500 Yuanguo Road, Anting, Jiading,
Shanghai 201814 P.R. China
Tel. +86 21-69573266 - Fax +86 21-69573296
Email: shkruger@krugerchina.com
TAIPEI
KRUGER VENTILATION (TAIWAN) CO. LTD
No. 157, Ping-an Rd, Hengfeng Village,
Dayuan Shiang Taoyuan County 337, Taiwan(ROC)
Tel. +886 3-3859119 - Fax +886 3-3859118
Email: kruger@ms27.hinet.net
AUSTRALIA
KRUGER VENTILATION (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD
4 Blackfriar Place, Wetherill Park
NSW 2164, Australia
Tel. +61 2-97562008 - Fax +61 2-97560808
Email: auscheng@tig.com.au
INDIA
KRUGER M&E INDUSTRIES (INDIA) PVT LTD
Pardhy House 1st Floor
Junction of Hanuman Road & MG Road
Vile Parle (East) Mumbai 57
Tel. +91 22-56926095/6/7 - Fax +91 22-56926098
Email: sales@krugerindia.com