25/08/2012

Managingdierenceinshared
recrea.onalspace:understanding
theroleofthebody,movement
andemo.on

KatrinaMyrvangBrown
JamesHu/onIns3tute,UK&Norwegian
CentreforRuralResearch,Trondheim

Outdooraccess&
recrea-onrelies
heavilyon
informal
normsforits
regula-on

Toregulatehowdierent
usersinteract:
witheachother
withtheenvironment

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Diversifyingoutdoor
recrea.onispuCngpressure
onestablishednorms

Diverseculturalbackgrounds
Diversemobili3es

Growingimpera.veto
(learnto)beAershare
spaceacrossdierence

Scotland:anillustra.vecase
mul.useethicatheartof
ScoMshaccesslegisla3on&Code
LandReform(Scotland)Act2003
allnonmotorisedformsofmobility

Providesopportunitytoexplore
howdiverseuserslearntoshare
outdoorspaceacrossdierence
(ornot)sharing:
betweenlandmanagers&
recrea3onists
betweendierentrecrea3ontypes
(somenewlylegal)
withotherspecies

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Emergingtheme:
EMOTION&THEBODY

Highligh3ngtherolethatemo.onandthe
bodyplayindrawingnorma.veboundariesin
outdoorrecrea3on

Emo.oncentraltoexplainingbehaviour
Emo.onal/aec.veturnin Underdevelopedinresearchon
socialscience outdoorrecrea.on
Emo3on/aectandits Smallbodyofresearchhighlights
embodimentbeingtaken
importanceofemo3oninoutdoor
increasinglyseriously
recrea3onbutnotbuilton
Centralinuenceover:
senseofself&environment e.g.wes3llunderstandli/leabout
howwelinkpast,present& howemo.onworkstoinuence
futureac3ons prac3ces&rela3onships

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desire

3key
aec.ve
domains
pleasure pain

desire

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pleasure

pain

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Temporalityof Emo.onaldynamicsofencounterdepend
onaspectsthatare:
emo.ons Situa3onal
Transcendental
(rela3ngtopreviousexperiences&associa3ons)
(Katz,1999)

Emo.onsas Pleasurepaindynamic(+ve/ve)
dynamic&mul.
dimensional
Tradingodierentformsofpain

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Howemo3onswork(anddowork)in
regula3ngbehaviour
EMOTIONSARERELATIONAL
ADOUBLEQUALITY
Thecapacityto: EmoDonsarenotjust
aect somethingwehave,theyalso
beaected dothings.
Emo3onsaresocially Theyhaveagency,andought
produced toberesearchedassuch.
Morethanindividualfeeling
Aec.veeconomies
(Ahmed,2004
Emo3onsascircula3ngbetween
peopleworkingtoconnector
disconnectthem

Raisesques.onsof:
Whatpartdoemo3ons
playinorganising&
discipliningthespaces
ofoutdoorrecrea3on?
Withwhat
Challengetobeaddressed:
implica3ons?
Howtoenablethedevelopmentof
informalnormsthatallowco
existenceandindeedourishing,
healthandwellbeinginoutdoor
recrea3onalspaceinsitua3onsof
increasingpar3cipant
dieren3a3on

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METHODOLOGICALCHALLENGES
Muchhiddenandintangible
Emo3onexperiencedandexpressedbodilyandviscerally
Involvesmorethanwhatpeoplesay

aidedbythedevelopmentofinnovaDve
mobileandvisualmethods

principaltechnique:
MobileVideoEthnography
plus
observa3oninins3tu3onalseMngs(mainlyLocalAccessForum
mee3ngs)

Studyarea:CairngormsNa.onalPark

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Howcanheadcamvideohelptounderstand
sharedspace?
GeMngat:
Bya/endingto
theworldas theintangible
experienced thetakenfor
fromanother granted
pointofview

Bringing:
thebody,
movement&
prac3ce
context&
environment
backintoknowledge
making

Sohowdoemo-onsworkinsocialand
materialoutdoorrecreaDonencounters?

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SOCIALENCOUNTERS
Example:mountainbikerpassingwalker
Mostencountersreportedonbothsidestooccurwithnoproblembut
some3mestheexperienceofpassingisnega3ve
Emo3onaldynamicswhenitgoesbadly?

Howwalkersexperiencemountainbikers
nega3velyonthetrail

Annoyance
atinconvenienceofinterrup3ngown
experiencetoworkouthowtopass(e.g.
whethertostepaside)
Fear/trepida.on
isapproachingbikergoingtoslowdown
suciently,andgiveenoughroom?
Shock/surprise
wheninsucientwarninggiven
whenbikerpassingtoofast/tooclose
Disapproval/disgust
pollu3onofpurityofnaturalspaces
Worry
aboutgeMngafrightinfuture
encounters
concernforfuturepollu3on

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Howmountainbikersexperiencewalkers
nega3velyonthetrail
Disappointment
onhavingtodisruptow
Aliena.on/rejec.on
fromdisapprovalconveyed
throughlooks,gestures,
words,blocking
absenceofreciproca3onof
gree3ngsorsmiles
Guilt/shame
evenifnotagreedwith
Worry
worryoffuturethreatof
disapproval,confronta3onor
rejec3on

Construc3veexchange&sociallearningcan
(&does)takeplace
Dierentuserslearntodancetogether
Learningthroughrepeated
emo3onalencounters
fear,shock,care,regret,gra3tude
Usersexperimentandadjust
speed
bodyposi3oning
gestures
verbalcommunica3on
Canbuildgreatera/unement

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Tradingohybriddesires,pleasuresandpain

Concedingcertaindesiresandpleasure
toenabletheirrealisa3oninothers

EXAMPLEOFACOMMONTACITTRADE

Instance1:Bikerforgoeshybriddesirefor
speedtoallowwalkertocon3nue
pleasurabilityofwalking/avoidingtheirpain
ofharmoralarm

Instance2:Walkerforgoeshybridpleasure
ofcon3nuingtowalkuninterruptedtoallow
bikertofullhybriddesiretokeeprolling

Whenconstruc3veencountersdonothappen

Lackofacknowledgementofotheruser
Lackofa/unement/misunderstanding
Absenceoflearning
givingupa/empttoaccommodate

Dicultyintellingwhetheremo3onal
responsecomesfrom:
howparDcularencounterwashandled
objec3ontoanothersdierencein
principle

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MATERIALENCOUNTERS
Before:signsinciDngfeelingsof
Inoutdoorrecrea.onsigns, inDmidaDon,discomfort,fearand
gates,terrain,pathsdo alienaDonsomeDmesleadingtoanger
importantworkininci.ngan
emo.onalresponsethroughthe
messagestheysignalbetween
thelines

E.g.changingsignagepost
legisla3onplayedakeypart
intransformingtheaec3ve
economyofoutdooraccess
inScotland

APer:morewelcomingsigns,less
inDmidaDngsignsEasierforpeopleto
feelliketheybelongedintheoutdoors

Pain/sorrowfromterraincondi.on
varioususersdistressedbyboggyorerodedground

Frustra3on,pain&discomfortto
fa3guingbody

Senseoflossorthreatenedloss
ofecologicaland/orexperien3al
valueoftheenvironment

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Footprints&tyretracksincitearangeofemo.ons

Imprintsinterpreted&judgedbyhowthebecomevisible

Vexa3onandangerastowhois(most)culpable
incausingenvironmentaldamage

Pathimprovement

Usersaremovedtopushfor
pathimprovement
Butwhatcountsas
improvementofapath?

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Trailsani3sa3onhugelyemo3veissue
StruggleoverthebalancebetweenecologicalandexperienDal
Walkers
Walkingonthispathwasabit
likevirtualreality.Iwasphysically
walkingonaroadthatwas
completelyoutofkilterwiththe
fellsidesaroundit.Thiswasnta
paththathadgrownorganically
fromthepassingoffeetitwasa
machinecreated,manicured
pedestrianwaythatemo-onally
sequesteredmefromthe
landscapeIwaswalkingthrough
(McNeish,TGOmagazine,September2012,15)
Prevailingmoralgeographiesofmountains
Walkersinplace
25/08/2012
funcDonsofapath
Bikers
IfeelpersonallyvicDmised.Twoofmy
favouritetrailshavebeensaniDsed[]
aribbonofnaturalrooty,rocky
singletrackthroughpineforests,steep,
technicalMyrstreac-onwasoneof
justhorror.Ifeltsickwith
disappointment,rstofall,andthen
justangersmoothkiZyliZersortof
trailwithwaterditchesevery20yards
orso.Ijustfeltsickaboutit
Whobelongsinuplandareas?
Mountainbikersoutofplace
mountainbikershaveno
businessontheplateau
(AccessForummember)
Yetlegal,ifdoneresponsibly
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Drawingspa3alboundariesthroughemo3ons
itsbeingsensi-vetootherlandusers itwouldbetoughtoarguethat
[]youdontreallywanttoseea youweredoinganymoreorless
mountainbikeoragroupofmountain damagethanthehundredsof
bikersupthere[]theyhavegotequal pairsoffeetthatweregoingup
rights,butthereisadierencebetween there.Idontknowifthatsright
rightsandbeingsensi-vetootherpeople orwrong,itfeelswrong,and
[]Imighthavearighttotakemybike thatswhyImnotreallyintoit.
uptothetopofLochnagar,butIamnot ButIdontarguethatfroma
goingto,itsnotreallynicetoanyone factualbase.Itsjustmoreofa
(mountainbiker) personalfeeling
(Mountainbiker)

Resistancetodominantmoralgeography
UnseAlingassociatedaec.veeconomy

Ownsenseofindigna3onoverriding
thebadfeelings
Onthegroundsof:
Universaliza3onMTBisMTB
Assumedasymmetryofnega3ve
experience
Inconsistencyoffeelingsassociated
withwalking&bikingenvimpacts

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Diverseemo3onaldynamicscanbeproduced
EachresulDngaecDveeconomyhasverydierentimplicaDons
forthesharingofspace.

Ashifingaec.veeconomyinac.on
(reCyclistspleasedismountsign)

Emo-onaldynamicsworkingto(dis)alignpeoplewith
par-cularoutdoorcommuni-es

BEFORE DURING AFTER

Biker Sense of TREPIDATION DISGRUNTLEMENET ANGER / FRUSTRATION

DESIRE for ACCEPTANCE INCONGRUENCE DISCONNECTION /

(between feelings of SHAME ALIENATION
RESPECT and RIGHTEOUSNESS)

(growing) CONNECTION FEAR of LOSS (of trail access)

CARE DISENGAGEMENT

UNCARING
Walker By some: (mixed, too early to tell)
ACCEPTANCE & TOLERANCE REASSURANCE
Possibly:
By others: INDIGNATION more PEACE & CALM
LOSS & RESENTMENT (less bikers)
DISGUST & INCONGRUENCE RIGHTEOUSNESS
more SHOCK & FEAR
THREAT / FEAR / MORAL PANIC (bikers more inconsiderate)

Landowner FEAR / THREAT APPEASEMENT Continuing and worsening -

(of loss of income & reputational) FEAR / THREAT
(possibility of increased
complaints)

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CONCLUSIONS

Dieren3a3onofusersinniterecrea3onalspaceshasincreasedthe
impetusforbe/ersharingofspaceacrossdierence

1.eortsinsharingspaceacrossdierence(e.g.asinScoCsh

mul.usemodelofaccess)canproducedis.nctdynamics

Construc.velearningtocoexist
facilita3ngsociallearning
commonali3esiden3ed&acknowledged
dierencesworkedaround
Destruc.vecrea3ngorreinforcingripsbetweenusers
genera3ngdefensiveness&distance
crea3ngperverseeects
avoidancedecreaseschanceoffuturesociallearning

Whydoesonedynamicprevailoveranother?

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2.Emo.onsplayakeyroleinoutdooraccess&recrea.on
notjustexperien.allybutindiscipliningbodies
Complexdynamicsofdesire,pleasureandpainshape
informalnorms
Crea3ngpar3cularaec.veeconomiesofoutdooraccess
inwhichemo3onscirculate&havecurrency
crea3ngfeelingsof(dis)alignmentwithpar3cular
outdoorcommuni3es
drawing&transgressingboundariesofbelonging&aliena3on
posi3oningwhoisontheinsideoroutside

Thinkingofnormsasa
negoDaDonbetween
longingandbelonging

3.Theemo.onaldynamicsof
outdoorrecrea.onraise
issuesofpower&dierence

Isthepowertoaectandbeaected
evenlydistributed?
HowmightthismaZer?

Whohasthepowerto:
delineateboundariesofbelonging&aliena3on?
posi3onwhoisontheinsideoroutsideofthoseboundaries?

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4.NeedtoaAendtospacesenablingconstruc.ve
exchange
thinkaboutCONTACTZONES

Limita.onsoftrailspacesfor
developmentofinformalnorms

Flee.ngencountersdonotalways
inviteconstruc.veexchange

Greatscopeformisunderstanding
Challengingtomakesenseof
eachother
Otherspacesbecomeinuen3al
howthesetrailencountersgo

Mediaspaces Ins.tu.onal
(e.g.magazines& spaces
webforums) (e.g.AccessForums)

Oneofthefewplacesrelevant Whattodowithrecrea3onal
discussionshappen groupswholackability/willto
singleinterestmakes
playaroleinins3tu3onal
balanceddebatedicult
forums?
newergroupsopendonot
Foundtoinjectemo3onal haveplaceatthetable
chargeintosocialandmaterial weakorabsentrepresenta3ve
trailencounters bodies
playssignicantroleinhow Needtocheckbarriersto
emo3oncirculatesinthe ins3tu3onalaswellasphysical
aec3veeconomy par3cipa3oninoutdoor
recrea3on?

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5.Thepowerofengenderingasenseofbelongingisunderrecognised
&underu.lisedasatoolforoutdoorrecrea.onmanagement

Scopeto:
raiseawarenessofhowemo.onsworktoshapeprac.ces(insome3mes
counterintui3veways)
developavocabularyfortalkingaboutemo3ons
iden3fypreviousgoodandbadprac.ceinrela3ontotheaec3ve
economiesregula3ngoutdooraccess
considertheinterrela.onsbetweenthevariouscontactzonesinwhich
outdoorrecrea3oninformalnormsareshaped

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