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  • Donnelly - Renaissance of Forensic Geology

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    Anonymous AzXah9n0Y
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    Year: 2011

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    Year: 2011

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    12 visualizações7 páginas

    Donnelly - Renaissance of Forensic Geology

    Enviado por

    Anonymous AzXah9n0Y
    Year: 2011

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 7
    forenscGeloy he appaton of get o cima Invesgatons Fague1) Since 2002 Farersic Geology has experienced somewhat of arena inthe UK and same ‘other pats of he ward, However, geologists have been assting the poke in some typeof cma vestontins sine the mide and later pat ifthe rinateenth century, ‘0 wy has there been a Yee nro nawarenes of Forensic Geology? Before 2002 there were relatively ew forensic geologists working in close astecation wth he Pesce thoughout Britain. There was no formal profesional society or ‘organisation spectcalaimed at developing and supporting Foersic Geology However in 2002 ts began to change adn recent yeas hee hasbeen incensed ‘enarenes ofthe potental benefits which gelagsts may bring to Some apes of pling and lw enforcement. Since 2002 there have bee at st 4 international meetings on or including the diferent aspect of forensic ‘geology Figue 2 and Fue 3). action there have been several books wien, numerous cent papers conference proceedings, echnical metings attract published, magazine artes and some radio and TV lcumemtares. why has ths change taken place? The reasons are not ently lar andi difiu to attout ‘one individual evento ths, but his renaissance i foresic ‘geology may have benefited fom 2 combination ofthe folowna 1. March 2002, Westminster Palace Presentation In March 200, taurance Donnelly was ited 0 Westminster Palace, Houses of arament, to give 3 resentation o the work he had ben ding in forensic ‘geology sce 1908 and in pare fr the search of the rae ofa person thought 1 be buried in arerote locaton in oct Bran (hs contest present cay The event at Westminster Palace wae organized by Caly (lds inher rol as Administrative Secretary othe ‘Alay Paiamentary Group or Earth ences (Donnelly 20028) The meeting served to ase the profile of forensic ‘40097 and it potental applications inducing its reevence in poli searches (Donny 2002, 2003). At the ame time other geologists who had worked with the Plc in ‘he UK and internationally began to expres desi to calaborate ce csty with eter Foren Geologists and to elp promote and develop Forense Geology, 2. Geology the Science and the Profession (2004-2011) "Geology both aa scene and profession’ has taken an active iret in forensic geology ad as 2 sult spec forensic geology groups have became established to promote and develop the diipine and to support both ‘peratonl as academia based oregon 2004, the Geological Society of London (GS) had is est, “Forrsic Geoscience’ conference (Pye & Croft 2008) At the sete the potent or he seting up of new group began to emerge and in 2005, he Gclgical Soc of London Forensic Geoscience Group (FSS) boca established (Donnelly 2006). This was followed in 2009 y the Working Group on Ferersc Geology (GEG) ‘stablched bythe Intemational Union of Geloncal Scenes (UGS), Commision for Geoerironmental Management (GE) Donal 2008). Een, bo FSG and IUGS-GEM, WGFG wer established to promote and develop forensic geology in the UK and worwide, respectively 3. The Police Since the millennium some poice and aw enforcement ofcers have werked cosly wth geotogsts. Tisha, without doubt, provided the opportunites for those pce ‘fcr to become exposed oar made moe aware of the aplation af tchniques in geology to some yes of ‘final iestigatons. The establishment ofthe National Policing improvernents Agency (NPA, Exper isos (EA) ata base, which now nls frersic geologists hs bo helped promote the use of geology in pola. 4. Academia ‘Some sh universities have begun to each forensic geologygeoscience, which forms modules on Se geology eare courses Others actly undertake PHD estach and ‘work col wth the pole nifeen aspects of forensic 2olgy 5. The Media Both forensic scene’ ad geology have been popularised in recent yeas inthe mesa, These have been the focus of Holyod movies, TV drama and documentaries ee for example CSI Miami, Dante’ feak, Volare, The Core adja Pak. Tis ype of public exposure has, without oubt, helped rae the profie and increased awareness Publi perception of Toren since” ae geo00Y. 8 Is therefore nt suprising when “hese two ‘meres spines are brought togetie hat forensic geology’ has oplured the imagination and nkrest of the pubic and professonals. realty however the proesona prcties of geology and forensic sence often somentat fa emoue fom that portayedby the TV and media Neverthe, here appears tobe an aval perception, that foresc cence and geoog: and therefore forensic gectogy's‘ineetng and ‘entertaining Therefore, if hase proraromes, documentaries and coverage inspire and motivate the next generation of professonal ‘90065, they arguably have an oval postive nunc Bret Overview of the Early Hstory of Forensic Geology “Akhough there has been a een’ surge in interes in forensic geology around the word, the recorded orgs ovens geology can be ace back the mile part of the nineteenth century Azount 1856, Bein based gectogist and zoologist Profesor Chitin Gottied vender (1795-1896) as asked by Po if he could eset ina sbston caren on ofthe Pasian aivays “here ver had ben stolen fam barel an the ser Pad been rplaced with and, Prof Enenberg ale samples of sand wth his microscope that ad been coected from the diferent tations the Wan hid passed An expert on atoms (micros), he was able to iden the tation from where the snd must have aiginated. Thi helped police focus ther ivesigaton a that piu sation, ‘hich subsequent resulted in he aes he fener (Aron 1856, quoted in Rul ard MeKiley 2008, Inte ate 18005 and eat 1900: forensic geloay ras adopted by Si Arthur Conan Doyle, i is heck Homes tvs For instance, Shelock Homes was able to ident he lection where Watson ha been walking in London due tothe colour and consistency of mud Splashes ons wouses. In pracie, this pana was eed in a numberof eee For example 1291 Hane ross (1847-1915) used a icexcope to analyse sols and other materia recovered rom soe o Ink a suspect toa cine scene. George Popp (867-1928) was able to identity the mineral onsttuentsof ‘si! and Tae ponder hich shone that a suspected offender must have been resent atthe scne of a murder These investigations mere based on what snow fered os the card Pcp developed in 1929 by Earn toca (1877-196). Ths [ swvesto uk net il _ Tse 120 Foch a es Reed te eee ere eee ee suggests that when two diferent materi come into contact hares nays the wrarster of mateal rm one ‘objet to the other. The transfer maybe shor ved or beyond detection but, nevertheless, has taken place. ‘Thisis one ofthe base fundamental principles of race dence forersc pelo, which cntinues tobe valid tex. Geological race endence analss was ao further oneered by the Berkeley Scents (1914-1940), ‘Geological Trace Evidence ological ace evidence continue tobe use to sist the police throughout the 190 n determining fan offender or suspect had on hs bod, cthing oF possessions geological materia (ineas, 5, rock fragments or micolesi) or man-made materi (Gee from gecegcal aw mati, suchas at, bcs, las, plasterboard, macadam, bung mater, et) consist with hose ocuing ata scene of ime gure 4) The Unite Sates rug Enforcement agency (USDE) and he Federal Bureau of vestigation (FB are reported to have ‘sed gelogcal methods fom about the mide part of the 19005 enwards othe preset day. Further sgncant dvancement in forensic geology occured nthe 19705 {Gee Muray ad Tekow 1975; reproduced in 1952). “day thera a varity of analytical methods that can be usd to determine ok fragments, sos, sediments ‘or maeade materials may hav ben arsed onto @ tin’ andor offenders body, tem of clothing (or other ‘objects, The ana of the materials wllreut in thir ‘eserpton and dastication to determine for example the to samples ae ‘sar. The evaluation of he samples \whlp to estab if there san association between the st Fae Aol odes er ec pee ne bene ‘ciming ttn ptf es Sova terBoly ‘Teng tah Semen Vass TT Samples colt from the crnescne, tin o¢ abet and samples colece om th offendersuspet For mare recent publications eno ncding gcologk (race) evidence se for example; Muay 2004, 2005; ‘Murray & Solebeo 2005; it, Dawson & Miler 2008 Aufl & Mekiley 2008 je & Croft 2004; Morgan and ‘ut 207, Search Inaction tothe provision of physcal geological race) evidence, forensic aeloists may 30 advise the pole on + search, Offersivetdetctive poe searches are unertaten to, for example, eat evidence to sopra prose; gather ineligence;deprie crninas of el epportuntis fd resources to commit cme anclactemiting peore or raves. efensveprotectve searches include for example, the protection of vinerabl ages be people Police searches may be conduted ofa person or people, fora person or people who are mésing unde suspicous rcustances (eg. they may Fae ben bute) or who have voluntary gone mssng (eg. to commit suc “These ype of searches ld fom aSeach& Rescue ‘ype earch whee the person losis active inthe selt Sscoveny Searches may ao ire vcs (bikes, cs, vans, tek), vesselvboats,hossevulangs and other structures, water bodes Srean,ries, canals, aks, ‘reser, ponds, the ea) andthe ground. Some geclonsts are pacity experienced to powde te olce with ‘hice onthe etches of water Docs andthe round Sefre the mi 19805 police scrches seemed reply on visual ine searching and on ocasions the seo ge numbers of olunteer, bsenatons rm thea and the se special tained pole cadaver dogs. These types of searches were offen labour ntnsv and eed Healy onthe ‘expertse’ and judgement’ of val cers who were ‘co-snating’ the search, Howere ane of ‘he pencil ver for change occured in 1984, when the Povsonal RA attempted oasasinate the Bish Cabinet andthe then rime Mister, Margaret Thatcher - time delayed bomb was placed in the Grand Hoel, n Bighton, and the explsin rete in sever fataltes (hts Thatcher sure the bls. Te enquy hich followed sugested thatthe Puce shouldbe better trained in sere. The Bish itary a this time had experience in searching the round fr expose devises n pats ofthe Mile East nd Northern eld ana thereto assisted train he police in search methods ane teciques. This ‘eventual edt the establishment ofthe Natena Poke Sieh Cone (FNS), which cient fors pat ofthe INRA These ergansetons poude raining and operational sxppot or he Pole in search, ‘Geologists ae waine to investigate the ground. There ae aarey of methods and tecniques to map, mesa and characterise the ound as pat of, for example, Inne exploration o geotechnealste vestiations. n 1904, eleicalecniques stated 1o be aphid by the auther ta earch the got for graves, Tis has evaved {andthe tree fllowing phases ofa geotrensc ground ‘arch have become establene, For mare recent publications on, rinciding geotrensic seach ee; Donnly 2002, 2003, 2008, 2003, 2008, Donny & Hartson 2010a, 20106; Harson 2008; Hatrean & Donne 2008, 2009; Ruff 2005; Anon 2006. 2006, the Geologie Society of tendon, Forensic ‘Geoscience Group FG) became established (Donnely 2006) sais to develop and oma the study and Understanding offense qsacence (gators) by Lpeating 2 newer fr geoscists ad elated spits to; share knowledge, review and disseminate information, {acate multdipsnay cotatoraton, promote bes practice, dace eave histones, hae goforersic erperinces, develop contact, simulate dscusions and bats. 12009, the Internationa Uno of Geological Sciences ‘UGS, Geosences fr Envzcrmental Managerent (GEM) committee aproved the formation ofthe special nerest Working Group on Forensic Geooay (WiGFG) (Donnelly 2009). The Geofrensic ternational Network (GIN) became established as pat of this working group. The aim of hs werk group and GI Iso develop freee gecogy iteration and promote it appcatons.UGS.GEM, Gavhasa growing network of contacts and bigs together forensic geosietsts and ‘eae expe om; cade, indus, cortancy goverment, pice, law enforcement andthe mito em sound the wodd, FSG and UGS-GEM continue to actly advance and developing forensic geology and promoting its use in poling and lw enforcement. Tiss achieve by, the ccuaton of eral, ogarisation of meetings,

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