Jessica Padgett

Adam Padgett
English 102
28 February 2017
An Annotated Bibliography Inquiry: Cochlear Implants effect on the Deaf Community

Inquiry: Does the Cochlear Implant have a measurable effect on the Deaf community? Commented [PA1]: Im wondering if you can get this
question to be much more specific.

Proposed Thesis: I will argue the validity to the claimT of the Deaf community that the cochlear
implant is a threatens the o their lifestyle and their of the Deaf communitycommunitys Commented [PA2]: Id like for you to take note of the
future. things Ive changed in your thesis. For one, it is much
shorter gets to the point quicker. Also, when possible, try to
limit your use of to be verbs (is for example) for more
specific, stronger verbs. Also, this new sentence is much
more active and not as passive as the original one. Last, the
Crouch, Robert A. "Letting the Deaf Be Deaf." Hastings Center Report, vol. 27, no. 4, use of their really made the Deaf community sounds like
Jul/Aug1997, p. 14. something other, which I avoided here. Just some general
guidelines to think about.
The author begins this article with a story about a man who was the only seeing man in his
village and all the villagers around him believed that he was the one that needed to be
cured. The article puts a little perspective on the side of the deaf community, that one does
not need to hear to be happy and live a fulfilled life. The author goes on to discuss how
medical professionals and hearing parents must be aware of the implications that go along
with the implantation of the cochlear implant in prelingual children. He describes the
implant as a unique invention and something that if one has a more realistic view of
what it can and cannot do, of what deafness is and is not, and of the richly rewarding
lives Deaf people can lead, then it is by no means clear that the use of cochlear implants is
justified in many prelingually deaf children, nor again is it clear that hearing parents
of deaf children are aware of the options open to them when faced with the question of
how to raise their deaf child. The author also goes into detail about the implications of
having a deaf child can have on a family and he recognizes that it isnt an easy decision. I
plan on using this article because it gives a perspective from someone of the deaf
community and one who is not in favor of the use of the cochlear implant. I believe it is a
reliable source; it was published through Hasting center which publishes articles that deal
with the morality and ethics of certain medical procedure.

Gaines III, Robin A. "The Value of Deaf Culture: Should States Have the Right to Mandate
Placement of Cochlear Implants?." Current Surgery, vol. 60, no. 6, Nov. 2003, p. 600.
EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/S0149-7944(03)00117-X.
This article is on a specific case in the state of Michigan where an attorney attempts to
force a cochlear implant on two deaf foster care children even after the mother (also deaf)
 refused to consent to the operation. The childrens care takers and teacher while during
their stay in foster care believed that it was in the childrens best interest. This article
argues that the state doesnt have the right to force an elective surgery. It states that this
would be a blatant disregard for the values of a culture, and regardless to the potential
success of the surgery mandating the placement would in the words of the author,
suggests the superiority of the hearing culture over deaf culture. This article also goes in
depth about the potential threats to health and benefits of this surgery. I believe this article
reliable and will be useful in order to include the potential health risks and benefits along
with the legal aspects of the surgery into my paper.

Pray, Janet L. and I. King Jordan. "The Deaf Community and Culture at a Crossroads: Issues and
Challenges." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 2/3, Apr-
Sep2010, pp. 168-193. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/1536710X.2010.493486.
This article offers an unbiased view of a full history of the Deaf community. It includes a
history of the increasingly improving technology of the hearing aid and the cochlear
implant, the ongoing debate over the most appropriate way to educate deaf children, and
the social adversities that the community has faced throughout its brief history of being. I
believe that I can use this article to build a background of what it has been like to be a
part of the deaf community. If I include their struggles and their triumphs, maybe it will
give a perspective that couldnt be understood without knowing where exactly this
community came from. I also believe that this is a reliable and trustworthy source.

Sparrow, Robert. "Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants." Journal of Political
Philosophy, vol. 13, no. 2, June 2005, pp. 135-152. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1467-
9760.2005.00217.x.
This article presents information on cochlear implants. Cochlear implants are a
technology which attempts to "cure" deafness by bypassing the outer ear through
electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. In the last two decades, these implants have
been offered as treatment options not only for adults who have lost their hearing as a
result of accident or disease in later life, but also for children who were deafened as
infants or who were born deaf. An increasing number of operations are being undertaken
on children as young as two years old to install these implants in order to allow them to
begin hearing and learning spoken language of another culture. Cochlear implant
technology represents an attack on the culture of the Deaf, because it seeks to ensure that
deaf children grow up to use a spoken language rather than the signed languages of the
Deaf.
Sparrow, Robert. "Implants and Ethnocide: Learning from the Cochlear Implant Controversy."
Disability & Society, vol. 25, no. 4, June 2010, pp. 455-466. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.1080/09687591003755849
This Article uses the fictional story of the 'Babel fish' to explore and illustrate the issues
involved in the controversy about the use of cochlear implants in prelinguistically deaf
children. The author of this article makes it clear that he is not a part of the deaf
community, but what he goes on to discuss may be considered similar to the opinions of
those who are. He describes a scenario that makes you consider what it would be like to
be among the minority population like that of the Deaf community. It begins with,
Imagine that you are a member of a minority linguistic community. You might think of
yourself as a Native American in the USA or as a non-Han ethnic minority in mainland
China. In the not-too-distant past, members of your community have been imprisoned
and tortured for daring to use their own language. He then goes on to discuss how
because of this persecution you may have a deeply rooted pride for your community and
how you are presented with challenges that the other larger community doesnt face like
continuing education or finding a job. When others look in onto this community the feel Commented [PA3]: Proof read a bit more carefully.
pity for the children because they only see a future full of disadvantages for them, so the
medical and government official come up with the solution of the Bable fish that can be
put in the childrens ears to make them hear perfectly and assimilate them to be a part of
the larger normal community. Then the author describes the difference between the
scenario provided and the real-life experience. There are 3 differences: The existing
cochlear implant is far from perfect and nothing like the Babel fish, deafness is
arguably an organic dysfunction of the human organism regardless of whether it is also a Commented [PA4]: This is a strange phrase.
condition or marker of cultural identity; the next generation of potential members of the
Deaf culture are born to parents who are members of another culture that lack the
understanding of the culture the child can/should be a part of. I believe that this paper is a
reliable source and that the author also attempts to maintain his neutrality throughout. He
continues the paper on into more statistics and reasoning behind to implant or not to
implant and I believe that this paper will be beneficial to my argument simply because it
maintains its neutrality and it contains ethos, pathos and logos arguments within it.

Weisler, Pedro. No such Thing as a blind culture.Journal of Child Neurology, vol. 27, no. 6,
June 2012, pp. 819-82. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1177/0883073812441249
This article argues that the Deaf culture could be less considered a culture, but more so a
community. It compares the blind community with the deaf community and attempts to
debunk the common thought that the Deaf culture is anything more than a community. It
compares the disabilities and restrictions that both groups are faced with and suggests,
they are simply in the nature of common blindness experiencesnot so all pervasive Commented [PA5]: This difference is interesting. Why do
that they transcend the diversity that exists among the blind community and impose an you suppose this writer is making this distinction?

all-consuming culture across our entire community. I believe that this paper will help in
my argument that if the Deaf culture isnt even considered a culture, can something like a
cochlear implant truly affect it? I also believe that this is a very credible source because it
was published by the Journal of Child Neurology.
Jessica,
I think youve done some really great research here. These articles sound fascinating and
it is clear, through your writing, that you have a high interest in this topic, which is a
quality that I think serves your writing well. I would like to see a bit more of your
analysis in these annotations. In other words, you need to have some kind of touchstone
that directs your reader back to your thesis or main point of your project. While your
summaries are great, Im not getting a strong enough sense of what you think about these
discussions. Try not to assume the connection is obvious. Make that connection clear for
your reader.

PS: see if you find this source helpful:

https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/
The information focuses on education, but maybe you can find a use for it.