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AbstractIn wireless communication, micro strip antenna is achieve required operational bands. The EM simulat ion
used for various applications such as Wireless local area network, software is used to design and optimize the patch antenna.
Bluetooth, Cordless Telephones and IS M band. Here a low The wide range of applicat ions in the antenna world gives the
profile microstrip antenna is to be designed. The antenna is interested people to do a lot of designs and modifications. The
constructed with FR4 substrate having relative permittivity of 4.4 ease of design and fabrication is a good motivation to enter
and thickness of 1.6 mm. The unique (symmetric) array design such an area. The idea of this wo rk is to design unique slot
enhances the narrow ban dwidth an d gain. The design results in
with partial ground microstrip patch antenna with triple band
extended WLANin X-band applications. Using High Frequency
S tructure S imulator (HFSS ) software package, the antenna is for Wi-Fi/WiMax application, there is still the need for a
simulated and dimensions are adjusted to achieve the desired solution in some areas, and the need to enhance services and
resonant frequencies for desired operation. applications in development in this process in techno logy.
IEEE 802.16 (W iMax) operates in more than one band and
these bands are categorized in t wo ways .
KeywordsMicrostrip patch antenna, Ex.WLAN, Array HFSS.
I. INTRODUCTION i. Licensed
ii. Un-licensed
An antenna is an electrical device wh ich converts electric
currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used Table I shows the so-called bands:
with a radio t ransmitter or radio receiver. The patch antennas
received considerable attention in the 1970s, although the idea TABLE I
was explored already in 1953 and documented in 1955.
Practical imp lementation started in the 1970s when suitable
substrate materials became available. The microstrip patch Operational W LAN Bands
S. License
antennas [9] are low profile and easy to fabricate using No. Band Frequencies require Availability
modern printed circuit technology. They are mostly used to d
enhance the bandwidth in mobile, radio and wireless Allocated in Brazil,
communicat ion systems. Nowadays, microstrip patch antennas 2.4 2.4 to 2.69 Mexico, some
1 Yes
GHz GHz Southeast Asian
are used in many government and commercial sector countries and the US
applications [13]. Since the antennas are small they can be In some countries,
Yes in
used in satellites and other high performance applications. 5.2 5.2 to 5.6 some
the 5.2 GHz to the
They are also practical to use in mobile applications, radars 2 5.6 GHz band is
GHz GHz. countrie
and security systems. allocated for
s
broadband wireless.
The microstrip patch antenna is analyzed using Many countries
transmission line model. The effort has to be taken by allow higher power
modeling the antenna by various techniques such as slot cut, 3
8.2 8.15 to 8.25
No
output (4 watts).its
edge cut, partial ground, slotted ground, etc,. The substrate GHz GHz mainly used for
satellite
material has to be chosen carefully in the design. The communications.
mu ltiband antenna is designed and the sizes are varied to
The practical circuit realizat ion suffers with the mis match
Quarter
wave between the available source power and the power delivered.
This is known as return loss. Return loss can be expressed in
array
terms of the reflection coefficient as in (12). Fig. 2 shows
Impedance the return loss of the studied microstrip patch antenna,
line obtained from the simu lation using the HFSS software.
Return loss HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
0.00
-5.00
MY1: -10.0000
-9.8151 -9.3413
-10.00
dB(S(1,1))
-15.00
10.0833
Name X Y
MY2: -20.0833
m1 8.0695 -19.9817
m1
-20.00
-30.00
The antenna design is a unique design as the midd le circle 7.00 8.00
Frequency [GHz]
9.00
patch and edges are in a symmetric square fashion. The MX1: 8.0308 0.0749
MX2: 8.1057
antenna consists of single circle patch at the middle, 4 Fig. 2. Return Loss of the Simulated Antenna.
squarearray on each side, edge (top and down) on each side,
circle ground. The microstrip feed with lu mped port is used to The return loss of the antenna is obtained as -22.5 dB at
excite the patch antenna. The dimensions of designed antenna 8.175 GHz respectively. It is better to have the return loss less
are given in Tab le II. than -10 dB to make the antenna radiates well. It is noted that
the multip le resonant frequencies are excited with less than -
Table II 10 dB return loss.
Dimensions of designed antenna
S. B. VSWR
No. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is a crucial
Description Values in mm
parameter in antenna design, which means that if the
1 Patch dimension (L*W) 20 x 20 transmission line is concluded with a mismatch in impedance,
a portion of entered power is reflected back down, in wh ich
2 Circle patch 5
case the incident signal will be mixed with the reverse signal.
3 4 Square Array (L*W) 5x5 This causes a voltage standing wave pattern, in which the ratio
of maximu m to min imu m voltage is known as VSWR. The
4 Substrate dimensions (L * W * H) 28 x 28 x 1.6 VSW R of the designed antenna is shown in Fig. 3.
The author would like to thank the management and staffs [8] Felippa C.A., Introduction to Finite Element
of DhanalakshmiSrinivasanEngineering and Technology for Method. (Online:
excellent encouragement during the tenure of work, and also http://www.colo rado.edu/engineering/cas/courses.d/I
expressmy sincere gratitude to Mrs. S. Saranya, M.E., FEM.d/IFEM.Ch 01.d/IFEM.Ch01.pdf).
Assistant Professor, ECE Depart ment, for her guidance and [9] GA RA G R., BHA RTIA P., BAHL I. and
tolerance throughout the project. ITTIPIBOON A. (2001), Microstrip Antenna Design
Handbook, Artech House, Norwood, MA, USA.
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Substrate for Designing Lo w Profile Multiband
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