Will Biesecker

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

March 24, 2017

Research Two

Associated Press. Fewer fouls on home team. ESPN, http://www.espn.com/mens-college-

basketball/news/story?id=4682821. 23 Nov. 2009. Accessed 3 March 2017.

This source is a developed article from a popular source. ESPN, the self-proclaimed

Worldwide leader in sports, developed this article to argue and inform that college basketball

referees have an unintentional bias towards the home team when officiated games. The main

points of the sources argument includes statistics supporting their research. This article points

out specific flaws in college basketball officiating that show the unconscious bias referees

possess due to their environment.

As the article does not clearly state an author, the statistics used in the article are derived

from very credible sources. Professors conducting the research examined 365 college basketball

games during the 2004-2005 season. These professors include Kyle Anderson of Indiana

Universitys Kelley School of Business, and David Pierce of Ball State. The findings of the

professors were eventually published in The Journal of Sports Sciences. The purpose of the

communication is to address the flaws to sports fans who are passionate about the fairness of

athletics. This article is different than other sources in my bibliography as it is very straight

forward with statistics and reasons for the flaws.

 This source fits well into my research as it addresses specific statistics that I was finding

tough to locate previously. This will likely change my project slightly as I will now likely use

college sports in my writing. This source will likely appear in my project, depending on if I do

choose to touch on college sports officiating.

Neville, Timothy J., Salmon, Paul M., Read, Gemma J. M., Kalloniatis, Alexander C. Play on or

call a foul: testing and extending distributed situation awareness theory through sports

officiating. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, vol. 17, no. 1, Taylor & Francis

Group, 26 Nov. 2015, pp. 80-103. Accessed 3 March 2017.

This is a scholarly journal article that as a whole is looking to assess Distributed Situation

Awareness. The article looks into the DSA model using sports officiating as an example. It

examines if the DSA model needs to be revised or extended in order to remain appropriate. The

DSA model is a form of calculating human awareness in certain situations by human reaction.

The idea is to determine human limits and approaches in handling situations. The article

proposes alternative questions and ideas that could be useful in extending the DSA model if

necessary. Sports officiating is an efficient example to use for this research as sports officials are

supposed to be professionals in situational awareness.

The authors of this article all possess reliable credentials. The four authors, Timothy J.

Neville, Paul M. Salmon, Gemma J. M. Read, and Alexander C. Kalloniatis are all professors of

the Psychology department at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia. The authors are

objective in determining if the DSA model is still reliable. The purpose of the communication is

to inform those in the psychology field of the usefulness and flaws of the DSA model. This

source is different than others in my bibliography as the authors are not directly addressing my
topic, but an abundance of relevant information worth using in my project is found through the

authors experimentation.

This source was very helpful. As it does not pertain directly to my inquiry, I was able to

find much useful information through the DSA experiments about sports officials. I better

understand the flaws of the officiating due to an understanding of human situational awareness.

Because of this article, I will incorporate more of why human reaction is not good enough to

appropriately officiate many sporting events.