Sheet 3

System of First Order and Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equations

1. Use the Euler method to solve

= 2 + 5

2
=
2
over the range x = 0 to 1 using a step size of 0.5 with y(0) = 2 and z(0)=4.

2- Solve the following 2nd order differential equation by Euler method.

2 dq
2+ + = 5 , q(0) = 0 and (0) = 0
dt
where L=1, C= 0.25, R= 0.5 for t = 0 to 0.2 with a step of 0.1

3. Solve the following 2nd order differential equation by Euler method. .

2
+ 5 + +7 =0
2
dx
x(0) = 6 and (0) = 1.5
dt
Find y(1) consider t=0.5

4. Using midpoint method solve the following initial-value problems for the system of first-
order ordinary differential equations for 0 x 1 and h=0.5
1
= 2 31 , y1 0 = 1

2
= 32 + 2 , y2(0) = 2

5- Using midpoint method solve the following initial-value problems for the second-order
ordinary differential equation
2
= + 2 , y(0) = 1, (0) = 2,
2
use step size of 0.1 to find y(0.2).

6. Using midpoint method solve the following initial-value problems for the second-order
ordinary differential equations for 0 x 1, h = 0.5, y(0) = 0.5 and y(0) = 0.5. by
reducing the equations to a system of first-order ordinary differential equations
2
= 3 + 1,
2

- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
1
1 = 2 = ,
1 , 1 , 2 = 21 + 5
1 2 2
2 , 1 , 2 =
2
0 = 0
1 0 = 2
2 0 = 4
= 1
= 0.5

1 1 , 2 1
1 = 0 + = 0 + 0.5 = 0.5
1 1 = 1 0 + 1 0 , 1 0 , 2 0 = 2 + 0.5 1 0, 2, 4 = 2.5
2 1 = 2 0 + 2 0 , 1 0 , 2 0 = 4 + 0.5 2 0, 2, 4 = 4

1 2 , 2 2
2 = 1 + = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1
1 2 = 1 1 + 1 1 , 1 1 , 2 1 = 2.5 + 0.5 1 0.5, 2.5, 4 = 1.516
2 2 = 2 1 + 2 1 , 1 1 , 2 1 = 4 + 0.5 2 0.5, 2.500, 4 = 14

i x 1 2

0 0 2 4
1 0.5 2.5 -4
2 1 1.516 -14
4-
2
= + 2 , y(0) = 1, (0) = 2,
2
Rearrange equation
2
2 = 0
2
Solution
=2
0 , 1 = 12
1 , 1 =
2 , 1 = 1

= +1 = 1 2 1

1
= 2 1 (0) = 1

2 1
= 0 , 1 + 1 , 1 2
2 , 1
2 1
= 12 2 = 12 + 2 , 2 0 = 2
1

1 , 1 , 2 = 2 1
2 , 1 , 2 = 1 2
0 = 0
1 0 = 1
2 0 = 2
= 0.2
= 0.1

1 1 , 2 1
1 = 0 + = 0 + 0.1 = 0.1
0.1
= 0 + =0+ = 0.05
2 2
0.1
1 = 1 0 + 1 0 , 1 0 , 2 0 =1+ 0, 1, 2 = 1.1
2 2 1
0.1
2 = 2 0 + 2 0 , 1 0 , 2 0 =2+ 0, 1, 2 = 2.05
2 2 2
1 1 = 1 0 + 1 , 1 , 2 = 1 + 0.1 1 0.05, 1.100, 2.050 = 1.205
2 1 = 2 0 + 2 , 1 , 2 = 2 + 0.1 2 0.05, 1.100, 2.050 = 2.131

1 2 , 2 2
2 = 1 + = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2
0.1
= 1 + = 0.1 + = 0.15
2 2
0.1
1 = 1 1 + 1 1 , 1 1 , 2 1 = 1.205 + 0.1, 1.205,2.131 = 1.312
2 2 1
 0.1
2 = 2 1 + 1 , 1 1 , 2 1 = 2.131 + 0.1, 1.205,2.131 = 2.215
2 2 2 2
1 2 = 1 1 + 1 , 1 , 2 = 1.205 + 0.1 1 0.15, 1.312, 2.215 = 1.426
2 2 = 2 1 + 2 , 1 , 2 = 2.131 + 0.1 2 0.15, 1.312, 2.215 = 2.336

i x y dy/dx
0 0 1 2
1 0.1 1.205 2.131
2 0.2 1.426 2.336