5/1/2017 DGATestingOpenElectrical

DGATesting
FromOpenElectrical

Contents
1 Introduction
2 InterpretationofResults
3 TypesofFaults
4 References

Introduction
DissolvedGasAnalysis(DGA)isatestusedtoassesspaperoilinsulationsystems,andthemostcommonlyused
techniqueforoilinsulatedpowertransformers.Overtime(andduetoelectricalstressesandthermal
decomposition),thecellulosepaperandinsulating(mineral)oilinpaperoilinsulationsystemsbreakdownand
formsgaseswhicharedissolvedintheoil.InDGAtesting,asampleofoiliscollectedandanalysedforthetypes,
volumes,concentrationsandformationratesofdissolvedgases.Thiscanprovideimportantinformationonthe
conditionoftheinsulationsystem,aswellasthenatureoftheelectricaldisturbancesthatthesystemhasbeen
subjectedto.

Gasdecompositiontypicallyinvolveschemicalreactionsthatbreakupthecarbonandhydrogenbondsofthe
hydrocarbonchainsinboththecelluloseandoil.Thefollowinggasesaremostcommonlyformedandare
consideredthemostsignificantinthecontextofDGAtesting:

Frominsulatingoil:hydrogen(H2),methane(CH4),acetylene(C2H2),ethylene(C2H4)andethane
(C2H6)
Fromcellulose:hydrogen(H2),methane(CH4,carbonmonoxide(CO)andcarbondioxide(CO2)

InterpretationofResults
ANSI/IEEEStdC57.104[1]providesguidanceonconcentrationlimitsofthekeygases:

Dissolvedgasconcentrationlimit(ppm)

Carbon Carbon Interpretation

Hydrogen Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane TDCG
monoxide dioxide
(H2) (CH4) (C2H2) (C2H4) (C2H6) (*)
(CO) (CO2)

100 120 1 50 65 350 2500 720 Satisfactory

2500 721 Faultmaybe
101700 121400 29 51100 66100 351570
4000 1920 present
401 101 4001 1921 Faultprobably
7011800 1035 101200 5711400
1000 150 10000 4630 present
>1800 >1000 >35 >200 >150 >1400 >10000 >4630 Continued
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5/1/2017 DGATestingOpenElectrical

operationcould
resultinfailure

(*)TDCG=Totaldissolvedcombustiblegas

TypesofFaults
Therelativeproportionsofgastypescansuggestthetypeoffaultthathasoccurredinthetransformertoformthe
particulargases,asshowninthefigurebelow(courtesyofIEEEC57.104[1]):

References
[1]ANSI/IEEEC57.104,IEEEGuidefortheInterpretationofGasesGeneratedinOilImmersed
Transformers(http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/C57.1042008.html),2008
[2]IEC60599,MineraloilimpregnatedelectricalequipmentinserviceGuidetotheinterpretationof
dissolvedandfreegasesanalysis(https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/2582),1999

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Category: ElectricalTesting

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