USE OF ENGLISH.

CLOZE EXERCISE
In the following text, fill in the blanks with ONLY ONE WORD

The Nature of the Reading Process

If you stand at a window (1) ........................a busy road and watch a car pass you from
left to right, your eyes will appear to move smoothly (2) ....................... they are focused
(3) ..................... the car. If, (4) ......................, you wait until there is no traffic and try
to follow an imaginary car as it moves from left to right anyone (5) .....................
watches your eyes (6) ....................... you do this will tell you that they move in a series
of small jerks. This is (7) .........................happens when you read. As your eyes move
(8) .................. a line of print, they make a series of small jerky movements, stopping
momentarily on each word or group of words. These pauses - (9) ..................... as
fixations- last for about a third of a second. The slow reader finds that he has to fixate
on every word in (10) ................. to understand what he reads (11) .......................the
efficient reader, on the other hand, has learned to widen his eye span and to see
written material more in terms of groups of words (12) .......................as single words.
No mechanical device claiming to help a reader widen his eye span has
(13) ......................... been able to produce evidence that they are any more effective
than (14) ................... trying to read faster. In fact, as you usually (15)
.......................read faster without widening your eye span, then, if your reading speeds
increase as a result of trying to read faster, you have widened your eye span
(16) ....................... necessarily realising it. One follows naturally from the other.

1. overlooking 9. known
2. because, as, since (reason) 10. order
3. on 11. while, whereas (contrast)
4. however 12. than
5. who 13. yet
6. while, as (temporal meaning) 14. simply, only, just
7. what 15. cannot
8. along 16. without
It's never (1) .. to formally disallow an ism. It must also be made "uncool."
(2) ... our motivation behind the desire to hold others down is
psychological, social, or economic, is beside the point. Typically, a mixture of motives is
at .. But it's the willingness to indignify others, and the fact that we are still
collectively (4) . our tongues--as previous generations did about racism--
that (5) . at the root of the problems that vex us today.

I envisage a dignitarian society, one in (6) .. every person, regardless of

rank, expects and enjoys equal dignity. The implications of a politics (7) . on
the principle of dignity for all are profound. (8) as our institutions had to
be reshaped as America turned from a segregated into multicultural society, so too (9)
... we need to transform our schools, businesses, healthcare and religious
institutions as we become a dignitarian society. A dignitarian society is democracy's
(10) .. natural evolutionary step.

Senator Obama is at risk of (11) .... expectations beyond anyone's capacity

to deliver on them. There are no quick fixes (12) . our current problems.
But (13) .. the public understand that building a dignitarian society is as
complex and rewarding (14) .. task as overcoming racism, it may grant
our leaders, (15) . they be, the patience and commitment that they are
going to need to do so.

1. enough 9. will
2. whether 10. next
3. stake 11. raising
4. holding 12. to
5. lies 13. should
6. which 14. a
7. predicated/built/based 15. whoever
8. just
One way (1) .. of this quandary is to be upfront about your investment in
your appearance, as is the case with Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner, Argentinas (2)
. elected president. Her gaudy clothing style, (3) . crimson
leather jackets and clanking jewelry, as well as her wild purple-brown tresses,
excessive makeup and (4) .... mascaraed eyes are patently over-the-top,
and she (5) . no bones about it: (6) . .. I was 14, Ive
painted myself like a door. (7) ... way of circumventing this
deconstructionist chitchat is by an impeccable professional background outside the
political (8) .. altogether. If you are Margaret Thatcher, effortlessly
radiating a kind of nanny-like authority, or the Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel,
resting on your laurels (9) . a scientist, (10) .. you need do is
pass muster. Men do not escape microscopic (11) .... either (John Kerry
and his rumoured dalliance with Botox (12) ...as much heated discussion as
his Vietnam record). (13) .... it may be true that Nixons five-oclock shadow,
hunched bearing and darting eyes did not help endear him to (14) ..the
press or the public, they were not analyzed by grooming experts the (15)
.. the press endlessly dissects the puffiness around Hillarys eyes or
Sgolne Royals willowy body that belies her 53 years and four children.

1. out 9. as
2. newly 10. all
3. featuring / including 11. assessment / scrutiny
4. heavily 12. caused
5. makes 13. While
6. Since 14. either
7. another 15. way
8. arena /field
The first case of H5N1 bird flu in Africa is likely to be followed quickly by (1) . . . . . . . . .,
creating a severe situation, the UNs top expert says. Dr David Nabarro of the World
Health Organisation told the BBC the virus (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be quite widespread.
It comes after the strain deadly to humans was (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on a farm in
Kaduna in northern Nigeria. Officials are investigating whether poultry in other states
have also died (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the virus.
Dr Nabarro said the WHO was anticipating further (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in other parts
of Africa. If it is in Nigeria, it might also be in other countries that are (6) . . . . . . . . . . .
well-equipped. He said that governments and ordinary people would (7) . . . . . . . . . . .
to take very strong precautions to protect (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and stop the disease
spreading.
Weve got to have all countries, particularly in West Africa, being very vigilant (9) . . . . .
bird die-offs, which are the indicator of bird flu (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the population.
Experts have been (11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the commercial chicken farm in Kaduna,
where bird flu was (12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Authorities there said they had (13) . . . . . . .
measures to stamp out the outbreak by disinfecting (14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affected
premises, imposing a quarantine and (15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . restrictions on animal
movements.

1. others 9. for
2. might 10. being
3. detected 11. sent
4. from 12. found
5. outbreaks 13. taken
6. less 14. the
7. have 15. putting, setting
8. themselves
Media multi-tasking sounds, at first (1) .., like a boon for productivity. If we
can do two things at once, we can do (2) .the amount in the same (3)
. of time, or the same amount in (4) .. the time. (5) ...
way, it's a nifty trick. Researchers at Stanford University found that, actually, multi-
tasking is a good way to do several things (6) When people are
continually distracted from one task, they work faster but produce (7) ...... In a
series of tests that required (8) . rapidly back and (9) ...
between tasks, regular heavy multi-task evidenced slower response times than those
who (10) multitasked. (11) .. that suggests is that multi-taskers
are more easily distracted by irrelevant information and cannot focus. And unfocused
can mean unproductive. Likewise, students (12) ..a maths puzzle took
40% longer - and suffered more (13) . - when (14) ..to
multi-task. And those who do homework while watching television get consistently
lower (15)

1. glance, sight 8. switching, changing (or another ING)

2. twice 9. forth
3. length, period, lapse 10. rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, never
4. half 11. What (emphatic sentence)
5. Either 12. solving, doing (ING)
6. badly, wrongly (an adverb!!) 13. stress; strain; pressure; exposure
7. less 14. made, asked, obliged, led, forced
15. grades, marks (results: NO)
 The American Revolution and the war for independence (1) Britain
began with a fight between British troops and colonists on April 19, 1775. The
Minutemen, as colonists were (2) . since they could be ready to fight in
a minute, decided to (3) ..silently and not to shoot (4) the
British shot first. As someone accidentally fired a shot, fighting (5) ..out.
More than 250 redcoats were killed or (6) ... The Americans counted 93
(7) .. In the Second Continental Congress (8) in
Philadelphia, more than half voted to go to war (9) ... Britain. George
Washington of Virginia (10) the commander-in-chief. A peace resolution
aimed at (11) a war was rejected by King George III. Thomas Paine, a
radical political thinker, in his pamphlet Common Sense, described two possible (12)
for America. The people could (13) unequal citizens under a
king, or (14) they could live in an independent country with (15) .
of liberty and happiness.

1. from 8. held
2. nicknamed, called, known 9. against
3. protest, complain, claim 10. became
4. unless 11. avoiding
5. broke 12. scenarios/conditions
6. wounded/injured 13. remain (be)
7. casualties 14. else, rather
15. hopes
The prelude to Germany's hosting of the World Cup could (1) . been
better. Instead of presenting the country's best side to millions of visitors and billions of
spectators from around the globe, Germany's image has recently been (2)
. by several unsavoury incidents.
The country was shocked by a racially motivated brutal attack last month (3)
a black German citizen, as well as several racist incidents in lower
division German soccer leagues this season. To make (4) worse,
German neo-Nazi groups recently said they (5) use the tournament
to raise their (6) at home and abroad. The US State Department has
(7) visitors to exercise caution when travelling in parts of the
country's economically depressed east (8) fear of skinheads and other
(9) .-prone, right-wing extremists. Taken all together, it's conspiring to
tarnish the efforts of the organizing committee, (10) . by football legend
Franz Beckenbauer, for a grand soccer extravaganza this summer. And German
football certainly isn't the (11) .. offender in Europe when it comes (12)
racist taunting: the top leagues in both Spain and Italy continue to have
(13) problems. But there's undoubtedly room (14) ..
improvement. Simply confining thugs and hooligans to second and third division
matches is (15) an acceptable solution.

1. have 9. violence
2. hit 10. headed
3. on 11. worst
4. matters, things 12. to
5. would 13. appalling, serious
6. profile 14. for
7. warned 15. not
8. for