20 Vowel Phonemes / Graphemes Needs to be at least one of these vowel

sounds in every word (one per syllable)

Phoneme Graphemes Phoneme Graphemes

Examples Examples
(sound) (written patterns) (sound) (written patterns)
Short Vowel Sounds
oo, ue, ou, ew,
/a/ apple a /oo/ moon, screw
Other Vowel Sounds...
u-e
Other Vowel Sounds
/e/ elephant, bread e ea oo book, could oo, u, ou

/i/ igloo, gym i y /ou/ house, cow ou, ow

/o/ octopus, wash o a /oi/ coin, boy oi, oy
r controlled vowels...
r Controlled Vowel Sounds
/u/ umbrella, won u o /ar/ star, glass ar, a
Long Vowel Sounds...
or, aw, a, au, ore,
/ae/ rain, tray ai, ay, a-e, a /or/ fork, board
oar, oor
ee, ea, ie, y, er, ir, ur, ear,
/ee/ tree, me /er/ herb, nurse
e, ey or
igh, i-e, y,
/ie/ light, kite /air/ chair, pear air, ear, are
i ,ie
/oa/ boat, bow oa, ow, o, o-e /ear/ spear, deer ear, eer , ere
schwa unstressed vowel close to
/ue/ tube, emu u-e, ew, ue, u /u/ as in teacher, the, picture

Regular Alphabet Letter Patterns and Sounds Advanced Letter Patterns and Sounds K-3TeacherResources.com
 apple
a elephant

umbrella
Short Vowels at
e
u i
the Beginning of
Words...

octopus o igloo
K-3TeacherResources.com
 flag
a bed

rug

Short Vowels in
e
u i
the Middle of
Words...

top o pig
K-3TeacherResources.com
 a
bed
flag

o
won
e
ea
bread

u Short Vowel
Graphemes..

o i pig

y
rug

a wash top
gym K-3TeacherResources.com
 rain

ai tree

tube
ee
u_e
Basic Long Vowel
Graphemes..

igh
oa light
boat K-3TeacherResources.com
 ai a
rain baby

/ae/
a_e Sound

snake
ay tray

K-3TeacherResources.com
 ee
tree
leaf

ea
y
story
/ee/
Sound..

ey e me

key
K-3TeacherResources.com
 pie

ie
five

light

/ie/ i_e
igh
y
Sound.. sky

i
lion K-3TeacherResources.com
boat hose

oa o_e
/oa/
Sound..

o
bow

ghost ow
K-3TeacherResources.com
 tube

u_e
stew

ew
/ue/
Sound..

emu
u ue barbecue
K-3TeacherResources.com
 oo
moon June

soup
/oo/
u_e
ou
ew
Sound.. screw

ue
glue
K-3TeacherResources.com
book oo push

oo
Sound..
u
ou could
K-3TeacherResources.com
 ou
cow /ou/
Sound.. house

ow K-3TeacherResources.com
 oi
boy
/oi/
Sound.. coin

oy K-3TeacherResources.com
 ar
glass /ar/
Sound.. star

a K-3TeacherResources.com
 or au
fork saucer

paw

aw ore
core
/or/
Sound..

a door
oar
oor
board
ball
K-3TeacherResources.com
 er
herb girl

world

/er/
ir
or
ear
Sound..

nurse ur pearl

K-3TeacherResources.com
 are chair

square
/air/ air
Sound..

earpear K-3TeacherResources.com
 deer

eer
spear
/ear/
ear Sound..

ere here
K-3TeacherResources.com