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5 BUILDING STRUCTURES IV
Impressions - Immediate data of seeing, i.e. Immediate sensation, Passion & Emotion
Concepts - Concepts are copies of faint images of impression by thinking about or recalling of impressions.
1) Structural Steel:
Basic Characteristics of Steel & Light
Gauge Steel Materials.
Sructural Steel Typical Composition
HPS* : High Performance Steel
Composition %
Element HPS* HPS*
Mild Steel A36
50W and 70W 100W
Carbon (C) 0.11 max 0.08 max 0.25-0.29
Manganese (Mn) 1.10-1.35 0.90-1.50 1.20 max
Phosphorus (P) 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.04 max
Sulfur (S) 0.006 max 0.005 max 0.05 max
Silicon (Si) 0.30-0.50 0.40 max 0.15-0.40
Copper (Cu) 0.25-0.40 0.90-1.20 0.20 min (when specified)
Nickel (Ni) 0.25-0.40 0.65-1.00 -
Chromium (Cr) 0.45-0.70 0.40-0.65 -
Vanadium (V) 0.04-0.08 0.05-0.07 -
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.02-0.08 0.40-0.65 -
Aluminum (Al) 0.01-0.04 - -
Nitrogen (N) 0.015 max - -
Structural Steel - Properties
Elastic Limit:
Transition from elastic to inelastic
behavior
Yield Point:
Stress Fy at the elastic limit
Elastic Modulus:
Slope of elastic part of curve
E~29,000 ksi (200,000 Mpa)
Structural Steel - Properties
Yield Point:
Stress Fy at the elastic limit
Residual Strain:
Permanent deformation after
unloading
Structural Steel - Properties
If Yield Point not Clearly Defined
0.2% Method
0.2% Strain
Structural Steel - Characteristics
Every material has a certain capacity to carry load, but unsafe to load a material
to full capacity it would have no reserve strength.
This is dangerous because:
May experience a load greater than anticipated
Material may be defective
Construction may be faulty (fabrication / erection / workmanship, etc.)
Other unforeseen situation (calculation errors, etc)
Plan
Introduction to Rigid Portal Frames design of
a one story industrial building 18M by 48m
with two bay mezzanine office floor.
Students at the end will succeed in have a
framing plan for both the industrial and
mezzanine, and the approximate design of
structural frame elements, column and
beam. Also students shall be introduced to
available section in structural steel for used
in the design of frame elements.
Typical Section
4) Structural Analysis and Design to satisfy
Building Codes and Standards;
Self Load: It is the load of structural member due to its own weight.
1. Efficient use of material. As a result of composite design, the size and weight of steel beams can be reduced by as much as 15
to 30%. The cost of fireproofing can be reduced in addition to the cost reduction of steel beams.
2. Greater stiffness. The stiffness of the composite section can be increased. This reduces the deflection of the member as
compared with the noncomposite beam.
3. Saving in labor and other because the construction was usually done with wood forming and the slab was reinforced with bars.
For the last 30 years, steel deck has been used as the forming material for building construction.
4. Weight savings resulting from the efficient composite design and member design of floor system will reduce overall building
costs.
5. Kit-of-parts construction of floor system with standardization of members and connections with simplified erection provides for
fastest and quality construction.
6. Extra usable space. The use of shallow beams can reduce building heights. It is also possible to increase column spacings to
provide larger usable space within a structure. Large column free areas give the architects the maximum flexibility when
selecting a floor layout plan. Customized composite flooring design can be employed for any given load and serviceability
requirements. Beam spans of 6 to 12 m can be created giving maximum flexibility and division of the internal space.
8) Review of design of mezzanine framing.
8) Review of design of mezzanine
framing.
Dead load:
a)Self weight of beam & column
b) 50mm thick steel deck plus 75mm concrete.
Pipe storage
Welding
Shipping
Strut Test
Foundation
Towers
Rings
Cables
Spaceframe Segments
Connecting the north and south segments
1) Draw plan, elevation and details for a one story industrial building 18M X 48m, including structural framing
and frame element (columns, beam, purlins etc.) arrangements with dimensions for all the different elements?
Describe the behavior of the structural system used?
2) Draw plan, elevation and details for a one story mezzanine office floor occupying two-bay in an industrial
building 18M X 48m, including structural framing and frame element (columns, beam, deck slab etc.)
arrangements with dimensions for all the different elements? Describe the behavior of the structural system
used?
Part B question
1) Calculation of total dead weight and live loads on factory structure as per IS875 (Part1&2). Determine the
live and dead loads on roof, roof beam and column to be considered in the design of the structure.
2) Calculation of total dead weight and live loads on the mezzanine structure as per IS875 (Part1&2).
Determine the mezzanine floor loads on a typical column and design column using IS special publication for
the design of steel structures [SP-6 (1)] based on the type of occupancy as office.
3) Calculation of total dead weight and live loads on the mezzanine typical beam as per IS875 (Part1&2) and
design beam using IS special publication for the design of steel structures [SP-6 (1)] based on the type of
occupancy as office.
4) Sketch a typical structural steel drawing showing: Structural design criteria, including loads used, calculations,
drawings and detailing, and steel tonnage calculation for a one story industrial building 18M X 48m with two-bay
mezzanine office floor, include a framing plan for both the industrial building.
5) Describe the use of Steel as a structural material: Basic characteristics of Steel including the stress strain
curve and note all available steel grades with strengths?
6) Describe the concepts of design of Steel Structures: Working Stress Design and Load and Resistance Factor Design?
7) Draw and sketch the available sections in structural steel used in the design of. Framing elements as per IS-
800 Section and note all available steel grades with strengths?