KKKM3124 Fluid Mechanics

PBL Session: Potential Flow Problems Individual Assignment

Student Registration No.:

INSTRUCTION:
Answer all questions.
This is an individual assignment and your answer MUST not be similar with
other students even with the group member.
In writing all the equations, it is mandatory to use appropriate format through
the use of the equation editor/tool in the word processor software (replace the
symbol with a function in r and )

1. Explain how obtain the velocity field of the problem assigned to you in vector form.
Then, based on the values of all the variables given in that problem, write the equation
of the velocity components in polar coordinate system (r,) in m/s.

The stream function for this problem can be defined as

Ur sin bU
The components in the stream velocity are Vr and V, for Vr
1
Vr (Ur sin bU )
r , which is then differentiated in respect to giving us,
bU
Vr U cos
r
For V :

V (Ur sin bU )
r , which is then differentiated in respect to r giving us,

V U sin
When these values are put into vector form, something like this would pop up.

V vr i v j
bU
V (U cos )i U sin j
r

v r ( r , )= m/s v ( r , )= V U sin m/s
bU
Vr U cos
r
2. For the stagnation point found in your assigned problem, explain how significant is this
point in characterising the flow field. Your explanation should also include reflection on
real applications, particularly the effect and implication of the stagnation point in those
applications.
The stagnation point obtained from the problem is position of nose from origin is b =
1.9 m.
The stream function that passes through stagnation point is
stag = bU
= Ursin + bU
From this, r can be found.
In fluid dynamics, a stagnation point is a point in a flow field where the
local velocity of the fluid is zero. Stagnation points exist at the surface of objects in
the flow field, where the fluid is brought to rest by the object. The Bernoulli
equation shows that the static pressure is highest when the velocity is zero and hence
static pressure is at its maximum value at stagnation points. This static pressure is
called the stagnation pressure.

3. For the stagnation point found in your assigned problem, in addition to the velocity field
given in Question 1, is it possible to derive the pressure field. If it is possible, propose a
sequence of steps with appropriate algorithms or equations. Then, derive the appropriate
equation for pressure as a function in polar coordinate system (r,) in Pascal or with
metric prefix, e.g. kPa, assuming zero relative pressure in far field. State the appropriate
boundary conditions that defines the region where this equation is applicable.
This is possible using the Bernoulli equation. As mentioned in the previous answer,
static pressure is the stagnation pressure. Bernoulli equation can indicate to us where
the static pressure is highest when the velocity is zero.

1 1
U 2 gz1 P2 v2 gz 2
2
P1
2 2
Grouping the like terms gives us
1
P2 P1 (U 2 v2 )
2

1 Pa
(U 2 v2 )
2
p ( r , ) = P2 P1
2
Boundary condition(s): z1 z2
g 0