Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 1

This print-out should have 36 questions, check 1A

=
that it is complete. Multiple-choice questions 8.45112 1028 electrons/m3
may continue on the next column or page: 1
find all choices before making your selection. 19
(1.602 10 C/electron)
The due time is Central time. 1
Chapters 27 and 28 problems.
(1 106 m2 )
001 (part 1 of 1) 0 points = 7.38624 105 m/s .
It is known that about one electron per atom
of copper contributes to the current. The
atomic mass of copper is 63.54 g and its den-
002 (part 1 of 3) 0 points
sity is 8.92 g/cm3 .
The damage caused by electric shock depends
Calculate the average drift speed of elec-
on the current flowing through the body;
trons traveling through a copper wire with a
1 mA can be felt and 5 mA is painful. Above
cross-sectional area of 1 mm2 when carrying a
15 mA, a person loses muscle control, and 70
current of 1 A (values similar to those for the
mA can be fatal. A person with dry skin has a
electric wire to your study lamp).
resistance from one arm to the other of about
Correct answer: 7.38624 105 m/s.
100000 . When skin is wet, the resistance
Explanation:
drops to about 5300 .
What is the minimum voltage placed across
Given : N = 1 , the arms that would produce a current that
M = 63.54 g , could be felt by a person with dry skin?
Correct answer: 100 V.
= 8.92 g/cm3 , Explanation:
A = 1 mm2 = 1 106 m2 ,
I = 1 A , and Given : Imin = 1 mA , and
qe = 1.602 1019 C/electron . Rdry = 100000 .
We first calculate n, the number of current-
carrying electrons per unit volume in copper. The minimum voltage depends on the mini-
Assuming one free conduction electron per mum current for a given resistance, so
NA
atom, n = , where NA is Avogadros
M Vmin = Imin Rdry
number and and M are the density and the
atomic weight of copper, respectively 1A
= (1 mA) (100000 )
1000 mA
electron NA
n 1 . = 100 V .
atom M

electron 6.02 1023 atoms

n= 1 003 (part 2 of 3) 0 points
atom 63.54 g Using the same electric potential as in Part 1,
10 cm3
6
3 what would be the current if the person had
8.92 g/cm
1 m3 wet skin?
= 8.45112 1028 electrons/m3 . Correct answer: 18.8679 mA.
Explanation:
The drift speed is vd ,
I Given : Vmin = 100 V , and
vd =
n qe A Rwet = 5300 .
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 2

For the voltage V from Part 1 and the resis- Solution: The charge carrier density n is
tance Rwet , unaffected. This is simply a property of the
material, and is related to the mass density
Vmin and the number of valence electrons available
I=
Rwet per atom.

100 V 1000 mA
=
5300 1A 006 (part 2 of 4) 0 points
= 18.8679 mA . (b) What happens to the current density?

1. It doubles. correct
004 (part 3 of 3) 0 points
What would be the minimum voltage that 2. It is unchanged.
would produce a current that could be felt
when the skin is wet? 3. It is quartered.
Correct answer: 5.3 V.
Explanation: 4. It quadruples.

Given : Imin = 1 mA , and 5. It is halved.

Rwet = 5300 . Explanation:
I
The current density J = only depends
V1 = Imin Rwet A
on the current I and the cross-sectional area
1A
= (1 mA) (5300 ) of the conductor A, so if I doubles and A
1000 mA remains the same, J must also double:
= 5.3 V .
2I I
J0 = = 2 = 2J .
A A
005 (part 1 of 4) 0 points
If the current carried by a metallic conductor 007 (part 3 of 4) 0 points
is doubled, (c) What happens to the electron drift veloc-
(a) What happens to the charge carrier ity?
density? Assume that the temperature of the
metallic conductor remains constant. 1. It is unchanged.

1. It quadruples. 2. It is halved.

2. It is unchanged. correct 3. It is quartered.

3. It is quartered. 4. It quadruples.

4. It is halved. 5. It doubles. correct

Explanation:
5. It doubles. The electron drift velocity vd is given by
Explanation: I
vd = ,
Basic Concept: nqA
where q is the charge of an electron. So if I
J = E = n q vd doubles, vd must also double:
qE 2I I
vd = . vd0 = =2 = 2vd .
m nqA nqA
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 3

008 (part 4 of 4) 0 points 3. D > B = C > A

(d) What happens to the average time be-
tween collisions? 4. A = C > D > B

1. It doubles. 5. A = D > B = C correct

2. It is halved. 6. A = B = C = D

3. It is quartered. 7. A = B > D = C

4. It is unchanged. correct 8. A > B = C > D

5. It quadruples. 9. A > B > C > D

Explanation:
The average time between collisions is 10. A = B = C > D
given by Explanation:
vd m From the figure, the total resistance of the
= ,
qE R 5R
circuit is 2 R + = . Then
where m is the mass of an electron and E 2 2
is the applied electric field (determined by V 2V V
Ohms Law: J = E). IA = I D = = = 0.4
5R 5R R
Substituting for E,
2
vd m
= . 1 1V V
qJ IB = I C = IA = = 0.2
2 5R R
Since vd and J are each multiplied by a factor The rankings of the currents are also the cor-
of two, the factors of two cancel (as long as responding rankings of the brightness.
does not change due to heating). All the
other variables remain the same (as long as 010 (part 2 of 2) 0 points
does not change due to heating). Therefore Suppose a switch has been added to the circuit
remains unchanged. as shown. The switch is initially closed.
A
009 (part 1 of 2) 0 points
The circuit below shows four identical bulbs B C
V
connected to an ideal battery, which has neg-
ligible internal resistance. Rank the bulbs in
order from brightest to dimmest. D

A When the switch is opened, what happens

to the currents through bulbs A, B, and D?
V B C
1. IA decreases, IB remains the same, ID
D decreases.

2. IA remains the same, IB decreases, ID

1. D > C > B > A remains the same

2. B = C > A = D 3. IA increases, IB increases, ID increases.

 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 4
12 V
=
4. IA remains the same, IB increases, ID 2 + 0.13
remains the same. = 5.6338 A .

5. IA decreases, IB increases, ID decreases.

correct
6. IA remains the same, IB remains the
same, ID remains the same.
7. IA increases, IB remains the same, ID
decreases.
012 (part 2 of 4) 0 points
Calculate the terminal voltage of the battery.
Correct answer: 11.2676 V.
Explanation:
The terminal voltage V of the battery is
equal to

8. IA increases, IB remains the same, ID Vr = E I r

increases. = 12 V (5.6338 A) (0.13 )
9. IA increases, IB decreases, ID increases. = 11.2676 V .

10. IA decreases, IB decreases, ID de-

creases. 013 (part 3 of 4) 0 points
Explanation: Find the power dissipated in the load resis-
With the switch open, the total resistance tor.
of the circuit is 3 R, so Correct answer: 63.4795 W.
Explanation:
V V The power dissipated in the load resistor is
IA = I B = I D = = 0.33
3R R
This is to be compared with the case that the PR = I 2 R
switch is closed, where from previous part,
V V = (5.6338 A)2 (2 )
IA = ID = 0.4 and IB = 0.2 . So for = 63.4795 W .
R R
the present case, IA and ID decrease and IB
increases.

011 (part 1 of 4) 0 points 014 (part 4 of 4) 0 points

A battery has an emf of 12 V and an inter- Find the power dissipated in the battery.
nal resistance of 0.13 . Its terminals are Correct answer: 4.12617 W.
connected to a load resistance of 2 . Explanation:
Find the current in the circuit. The power dissipated in the battery is
Correct answer: 5.6338 A.
Explanation: Pr = I 2 r
= (5.6338 A)2 (0.13 )
Given : E = 12 V , = 4.12617 W .
R = 2 , and
r = 0.13 .
015 (part 1 of 2) 0 points
The total resistance is R + r, so
In the figure below the switch S is initially in
E position 1. Given, R1 = R2 = R3 . Neglect
I= the internal resistance of the battery.
R+r
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 5

as when R1 was in the circuit.

Explanation:
R1 Since R2 and R3 have the same terminal
2
voltage and resistance, the current through
1 3
V R1 R2 and R3 must now be the same.
S 0
R2 017 (part 1 of 1) 0 points
Consider the following circuit containing iden-
tical bulbs.

What happens to the current through R3

when the switch is moved to the open position D
2. V A B C
E
1. The current through R3 decreases to two-
thirds its original value.

2. The current through R3 increases to twice 1. A = B = C = D = E

its original value.
2. A = D = E > B = C
3. The current through R3 increases to
three-halves its original value. 3. B = C > A = D = E

4. The current through R3 is reduced to 4. A = B = C > D = E correct

one-half its original value.
5. A = B = C > D > E
5. The current through R3 remains the
same. correct 6. A = B > A = D = E
Explanation:
7. A = C > B > D = E
The voltage across R3 is the E of the bat-
tery, and is unchanged. The current through
E 8. A = D = E > B > C
R3 remains the same, .
R3
9. C > B > A > D > E
016 (part 2 of 2) 0 points
What happens when switch S is moved to 10. E = D > A > B = C
position 3, leaving R2 and R3 parallel? Explanation:
The potential across bulbs A, B and C is
1. The current through R2 is half what it V
was with R1 in the circuit. V . The potential across bulbs D and E is .
2
Thus
2. The current through R2 and R3 are now V
iA = i B = i C =
the same. correct R
V
iD = i E = .
3. The current through R3 increases. 2R

4. The current through R3 decreases. 018 (part 1 of 2) 0 points

Four identical light bulbs are connected ei-
5. The current through R2 remains the same ther in series (circuit 1) or parallel (circuit 2)
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 6

to a constant voltage battery with negligible We can see that the bulbs in circuit 2 are more
internal resistance, as shown. than 4 times brighter than the bulbs in circuit
1.

019 (part 2 of 2) 0 points

If one of the bulbs in circuit 2 is unscrewed
and removed from its socket, the remaining 3
bulbs

1. go out.

2. are unaffected. correct

circuit 1
3. become brighter.

4. become dimmer.

circuit 2
Compared to the individual bulbs in circuit
1, the individual bulbs in circuit 2 are
Explanation:
Since the bulbs are parallel, after one of
the bulbs is unscrewed, the voltage across
each remaining bulb is unchanged, and the
brightness is unaffected.

1. the same brightness. 020 (part 1 of 3) 0 points

Hint: Apply the Kirchhoffs law to the loop
1
2. as bright. ACDA.
4 Given: 2 R1 = 2 R4 = R2 = R3 , R1 = r. I
1 is the current entering and leaving the circuit.
3. less than as bright.
4 Each current shown in the figure is denoted
4. 4 times brighter. by the same subscript as the resistor through
which it flows (e.g., i1 is the current flowing
5. more than 4 times brighter. correct through R1 ).
Explanation: C
Solution: In circuit 1, the voltage across R
R1 3
each light bulb is
A i1 i3 B
E E
V =IR= R= , R
i5

4R 4 I 2 R4 I
so the power of each bulb in circuit 1 is i2 i4
V2 E2 D
P1 = = .
R 16 R i1
Find the ratio .
In circuit 2, the voltage across each bulb is i2
identical; namely E. Hence the power of each i1
1. = 2 correct
bulb in circuit 2 is i2
E2 1 i1 1
P2 = = P1 . 2. =
R 16 i2 3
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 7

i1 I
3. =3 4. i5 = correct
i2 3
i1 I
4. =1 5. i5 =
i2 2
i1 1 I
5. = 6. i5 =
i2 2 5
i1 1 I
6. = 7. i5 =
i2 4 7
i1 I
7. =4 8. i5 =
i2 4
Explanation: Explanation:

Given : R1 = r, i1 = 2 i 2
R2 = 2r,
R3 = 2r, and I = i 1 + i2 = 2 i 2 + i2 = 3 i 2
R4 = r. I
i2 =
3
C
2I
r 2r i1 = .
3
A i1 i3 B Following a similar analysis, one finds that
2r i4 I 2I
i5

I r I = 2, so that i3 = and i4 = .
i3 3 3
i2 i4 Note: The junction equation at D is

D i2 + i 5 = i 4
Basic Concept: DC Circuit.
Solution: Based on Kirchhoffs law, the i5 = i4 i2 , or
equation for the loop ACDA is given by = i3 i1
I 2I I
i1 R1 + i2 R2 = 0 = =
3 3 3
i1 R2 I
= |i5 | = .
i2 R1 3
2r
=
r
= 2. 022 (part 3 of 3) 0 points
Find the resistance RAB .

021 (part 2 of 3) 0 points 1. RAB = 3 r

Find the magnitude of the current i5 which
flows from C to D. 2. RAB = 0

1. i5 = 0 3. RAB = r
I
2. i5 = 4. RAB = 2 r
8
I 4
3. i5 = 5. RAB = r correct
6 3
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 8

Determine IAC , i.e. the current between

1 points A and C.
6. RAB = r
3
2 I
7. RAB = r 1. correct
3 3
3 I
8. RAB = r 2.
2 4
5 I
9. RAB = r 3.
3 9
Explanation: I
4.
By inspection, the following circuit is equiv- 5
alent to the original circuit.
5. I
I
6.
R1 R3 6
I
7.
A

B


2
Explanation:
Basic Concept: Symmetry in circuits.
R2 R4
Solution:
Go through the network systematically from
A to B. The current enters at A. Since the
Here network is completely symmetric, there can
be no difference in resistance for the three
R1 R2 possible paths the current can split into at A.
RAB = 2
R1 + R 2 Thus, each of the three must carry identical
2 r2 current, and they must add up to I (since no
=2 current is lost at the junction):
r + 2r
4
= r
3 I
IAC =
023 (part 1 of 3) 0 points 3
Consider a cubic resistor network shown,
where all the resistors are the same. Each
resistor has a resistance r. A current I comes 024 (part 2 of 3) 0 points
into the network at A. The same current Determine ICD , i.e. the current between
leaves the network at B. points C and D.
I I
B 1.
9
I
2.
C 4
D
I
3.
2
4. I

A I
5.
5
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 9

Now |VAB | = RAB I, so

I
6. correct 5
6 RAB = r
I 6
7.
3
026 (part 1 of 2) 0 points
Explanation:
Two identical light bulbs A and B are con-
Now we are at C. The current coming in from
nected in series to a constant voltage source.
A has two possible choices of path, and again
Suppose a wire is connected across bulb B as
there is complete symmetry between the two.
shown.
Thus the current going through C splits in
half:
IAC I
ICD = =
2 6
 

A B
025 (part 3 of 3) 0 points
Determine RAB , i.e. the effective resistance
between points A and B.
r V
1.
3 Bulb A
r
2.
6 1. will burn half as brightly as before.
5r
3. correct
6 2. will burn as brightly as before.
r
4.
2 3. will burn nearly four times as brightly as
5. r before. correct

4r 4. will burn twice as brightly as before.

6.
3
2r 5. will go out.
7.
3 Explanation:
3r The electric power is given by
8.
2
V2
7r P = I2 R = .
9. R
6
Explanation: Before the wire is connected,
Finally, we calculate the equivalent resistance. V
IA = I B =
We can step through the path ACDB to find 2R
the potential VAB between A and B. Kir- so that
choffs Laws tell us that each time we cross a V2
resistor (moving with the current) we drop a PA = .
4R
potential V = RI. Therefore After the wire is connected,
VA VB = rIAC + rICD + rIDB V
IA0 = and IA0 = 0 , so
Now note that IAC = IDB by symmetry, so R
IB0 = 0
I I I 5 V2
VA VB = |VAB | = r + + = rI 0
PA = = 4 PA .
3 6 3 6 R
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre
027 (part 2 of 2) 0 points
and bulb B
1. will burn nearly four times as brightly as
before.
2. will burn half as brightly as before.
3. will go out. correct
4. will burn as brightly as before.
5. will burn twice as brightly as before.
Explanation:
Since there is no potential difference be-
tween the two ends of bulb B, it goes off.
028 (part 1 of 3) 0 points
Consider the circuit shown below.
E1
r1
B A
i1
E2
r2
C D
i2
R 7. E2 i2 r2 + i R = 0
F E
i
Apply Kirchhoffs rules. What equation
does the loop ABCDA yield?
1. E1 E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
2. E1 E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
3. E1 E2 i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
4. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
5. E1 + E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
6. E1 E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0 correct
7. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
Explanation:
10
Recall that Kirchhoffs loop rule states that
the sum of the potential differences across all
the elements around a closed circuit loop is
zero. If a resistor is traversed in the direction
of the current, the change in potential is I R.
If a emf source is traversed from the to
+ terminals, the change in potential is +E.
Apply the opposite sign for traversing the
elements in the opposite direction.
Hence, by inspection
ABCDA : E1 E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0 .
029 (part 2 of 3) 0 points
What equation does the loop DCFED yield?
1. E2 i2 r2 + i R = 0
2. E2 + i2 r2 i R = 0
3. E2 i2 r2 i R = 0
4. E2 i2 r2 i R = 0 correct
5. E2 + i2 r2 i R = 0
6. E2 + i2 r2 + i R = 0
Explanation:
DCF ED : E2 i R i2 r2 = 0 .
030 (part 3 of 3) 0 points
Let: E1 = E2 = E, and r1 = r2 = r, where
E = 9 V and r = 2.4 . Also R = 4.1 .
Hint: From symmetry, one expects i1 = i2 .
Find the current i.
Correct answer: 1.69811 A.
Explanation:
Given : E1 = E2 = E = 9 V ,
r1 = r2 = 2.4 , and
R = 4.1 .
We are given that E1 = E2 and r1 = r2 . This
implies that i1 = i2 . (Why? Look at the loops
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 11

DCFED and ABFEA and see if there are any

similarities.) Hence the junction rule yields 7. It=0 = (R1 + R2 ) Vo
i1 + i2 = 2i2 = i Vo
i 8. It=0 = correct
i2 = . R1
2 Explanation:
Substituting this into the loop equation When the switch is in position a at t = 0,
DCFED, there is no potential drop across the capacitor.
Note: There is no current flowing through
i R2 , so the entire potential drop, Vo , is across
E2 i R r2 = 0
2 the resistor R1 .
Solving for i yields From Ohms law,
E2 Vo
i= I= .
r2 R1
R+
2
9V 032 (part 2 of 3) 0 points
=
2.4 Leave the switch at position a for a long
4.1 +
2 time, then move the switch from a to b.
= 1.69811 A . When the switch is in position b, what is
the time constant, , of the circuit?
031 (part 1 of 3) 0 points R1
Consider the circuit shown below, the capaci- 1. =
C
tor is initially uncharged.
2. = R1 C
R2 R2
3. =
C
C R1 R2
R1 S b 4. = C
R1 + R 2
a R1 R2
E 5. =
(R1 + R2 ) C
(R1 + R2 )
6. =
C
After S is switched to position a, the
R1 + R 2
initial current through R1 is 7. =
R1 R2 C
R1 R2 R1 + R 2
1. It=0 = Vo 8. = C
R1 + R 2 R1 R2
2. It=0 = R1 Vo 9. = R2 C
Vo
3. It=0 = 10. = (R1 + R2 ) C correct
R1 + R 2
Explanation:
4. It=0 = R2 Vo When the switch is in position b, R1 and
R1 + R 2 R2 are now in series so the equivalent resis-
5. It=0 = Vo tance is R = R1 + R2 . By definition, the time
R1 R2 constant is
Vo
6. It=0 =
R2 = R C = (R1 + R2 ) C .
 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 12

The switch on the circuit is closed at t = 0.

033 (part 3 of 3) 0 points Find the charge on the capacitor at 4.73 s.
Let: Vo = 9 V, C = 1 F, R1 = 7 , and Correct answer: 19.626 C.
R2 = 20 . Explanation:
3
At a time after S has been switched to
2
position b, what is the power consumption Given : t = 4.73 s ,
of the circuit?
R = 1.1 M = 1.1 106 ,
Correct answer: 0.149361 W.
Explanation: C = 1.4 F = 1.4 106 F , and
E = 14.7 V .

Given : Vo = 9 V,
C = 1 F , C
R
R1 = 7 , and
R2 = 20 .
E
While the capacitor is discharging, the S
magnitude of the current decreases as a func-
tion of time as
Vo
I(t) = et/ . At t = 4.73 s,
R1 + R 2
Noting that R = R1 + R2 , the power con- q = CE 1 et/(R C)
3
sumed by the circuit at t = is = (1.4 106 F)(14.7 V)
2
4.73 s
1 exp
P = I 2 (R1 + R2 ) (1.1 106 ) (1.4 106 F)
2
= 1.9626 105 C

Vo 3/2
= e (R1 + R2 )
R1 + R 2 = 19.626 C .
Vo2
= e3
R1 + R 2
035 (part 2 of 3) 0 points
(9 V)2 Find the current in the resistor at 4.73 s.
= e3
7 + 20 Correct answer: 0.61947 A.
= 0.149361 W . Explanation:
At t = 4.73 s,
034 (part 1 of 3) 0 points E t/(R C)
Given: The RC circuit in the figure below. I= e
R
14.7 V
= 6

1.4 F 1.1 10
1.1 M

4.73 s
exp 6
(1.1 10 ) (1.4 106 F)
14.7 V = 6.1947 107 A
S = 0.61947 A .

036 (part 3 of 3) 0 points

 Answer, Key Homework 11 David McIntyre 13

At 4.73 s the current in the resistor is I (Part

2) and the charge on the capacitor is q (Part
1).
What is the power delivered by the bat-
tery?
Correct answer: 9.10621 W.
Explanation:
In the time interval t, work done by the
battery in pushing charge q across the bat-
tery is
Wbattery = q E .
Correspondingly, the power is
d Wbattery dq
=E =IE.
dt dt
The power dissipated in a resistor is
d Wresistor
= I2 R .
dt
The power to create the electric field in a
capacitor is
d Wcapacitor q
=I .
dt C
Thus the total power dissipated in the capac-
itor and resistor, that is the power delivered
by the battery is
d Wbattery q
=I IR+
dt C
= (6.1947 107 A)
h
(6.1947 107 A) (1.1 106 )
(1.9626 105 C) i
+
(1.4 106 F)
= 9.10621 106 W
= 9.10621 W .