Bradleigh Latimer

Mrs.DeBock
English IV Honors
March 24, 2017
Essential Question
Working Thesis
Refined Thesis
Annotated Bibliography
Essential Question: What is Racial Profiling?
Thesis Statement: The use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having
committed an offense.
Refined Thesis: Reasons why people are profiled are because the color of their skin, sexuality,
sex, and size.

Connerly, Ward. "Racial Discrimination Has Diminished." Discrimination, edited by Mary E.

Williams, Greenhaven Press, 2003. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context, Accessed 21 Feb. 2017. Originally published as "Laying down the Burden of

Race," The American Enterprise, June 2000.

This current article is about the author and the experiences that he dealt with throughout his

lifetime. The largest portion of his discrimination stemmed from the racism that he endured as a

result of his interracial marriage to a white woman. Ward Connelly dealt with this issue in 1964.

As an African American man he felt discriminated against especially by his girlfriends family.

At one point her family spent hours upon hours trying to convince her to end the relationship,

however they did not succeed. He received backlash from his side of the family, especially from

his grandmother who raised him. She asked him, Why cant you just find a nice colored girl to

settle down with? He refused to allow this to stop him and they later married and remained
together for the rest of their lives. Connelly's article would give me useful facts and would give

me a real life outlook on what it was actually like years ago to go through race relations.

Blogger, Staff. "Discrimination Opens Up Black Business Owners, Women to Predatory

Loans Financial Juneteenth." Financial Juneteenth. N.p., 20 July 2015. Web. 22

Mar. 2017.

Minority-owned businesses are often discriminated against when it comes to access to

loans to enable them to enlarge, regardless of how well qualified they are. In an article on

discrimination towards black owned businesses this seems to be case. In 2002, minority owned

businesses received up to 8.2% of loans in total but today this percentage has dropped to nearly

1.7%, while the percentage for white Americans has tripled. Although the reason for this

discrimination is race other factors seem to play the part. For example, one bank would not loan

any minorities money because they were located in urban areas or in predominantly black areas.

However a new agency was designed to assist minorities and women on how to approach bank

and consul them on what and what not to do. Victors article proves my thesis that profiling is

prevalent in society even in the workplace.

"Born Suspect: Stop-and-Frisk Abuses & the Continued Fight to End Racial Profiling in

America." NAACP. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2017.

 This article gives us insight about the NAACP with a series of letters and messages

received by members of the organization. The first letter discusses the loss of several African-

American men and how profiling was present in the denouncing of their lives and ways that they

can stop profiling from occurring. As the letters continued they began to talk about different

police methods that have ended up inadequately, one being the stop and frisk law. This law

relates back to the Fourth Amendment, which requires that police have a reasonable suspicion

that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed before stopping a suspect. If the

police reasonably suspects the person is armed and dangerous, they may conduct a quick pat-

down of the persons outer clothing. The article ends with ways in which people have been

profiled unfairly by police. The NAACP will then assist with legal fees and provide lawyers to

help people who have been in situations where they were treated unjustly. This source provides

accurate information about the NAACP and all that the organization does and would give me

information about profiling and why it happens and would support my thesis.

Muwakkil, Salim. "Racism Promotes Police Brutality." Police Brutality, edited by Louise I.

Gerdes, Greenhaven Press, 2004. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context, Accessed 22 Feb. 2017.

Muwakkil paints a picture of what police brutality is by providing facts and factual

evidence to support the idea that police brutality has led to fatalities to unarmed people in

America, specifically black men. In several instances he dispenses story upon story of how

unarmed people are seemingly being shot but many police who say they have been provoked.
But there have been documentation from eyewitnesses which have stated otherwise. The

majority of people surveyed seem to believe that racism was the cause of many deaths in the

black community. Muwakkil article supports my claim because he states that the underlying

issue of police brutality is racism.

"'Racist' School Black Teachers Targeted: Preet." New York Post [New York, NY], 10 June 2016,

p. 011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,. Accessed 17 Mar. 2017.

This current article talks about how discrimination is present in all aspects of life. In a

Queens, New York High School African-American teachers were tormented on a daily basis

because of their race For example, a student said to a teacher, You look like a gorilla and

F****** nappy hair.. These racial slurs and stereotypes described the teacher's appearance in

a negative way. The article continues and states that not only were the teachers called racial slurs,

but the principal also. The administrator said at one point the racial harassment was so bad that

he ended up transferring to a new school. I could not take the harassment any longer, Zanaca

says. Bharara gives an inside look on what it is like in certain places where discrimination is

present her article will help my thesis by providing quotes and facts.

Resmovits, Joy. "American Schools Are STILL Racist, Government Report Finds." The

Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 21 Mar. 2014. Web. 22 Mar. 2017.

 Although schools in the United States are integrated and have numerous cultural groups

that attend, not every student is viewed equally. In an article about racism in schools, the author

gives us accounts of this racism occurring. One being that blacks have little access to

experienced teachers, most minority students and English language learners are stuck in schools

with the new teachers, which puts minorities further behind. However, they are also at a

disadvantage because seven percent of African-American students attend schools where as many

as 20 percent of teachers are unsuccessful to meet licensure and certification requirements.

Despite one in four school districts pay teachers in less-diverse high schools $5,000 more than

teachers in schools with higher black and Latino student enrollment. Resmovits gives

percentages of how blacks are suspended more for the same crimes that whites commit in

schools. Five percent of white students were suspended annually, compared with 16 percent of

black students. The government being informed about this information has done very little to

decrease this situation one teacher saying It is shameful that not a single recommendation has

been implemented, Weingarten said. We dont need more data to tell us we need action..

Resmovits article supports my thesis that racism is present in schools and is occurring on a daily

basis especially towards minorities.