Annotated Bibliography
SOURCE
National Human Trafficking
Hotline. National Human
Trafficking Hotline, Polaris,
humantraffickinghotline.org/.
Accessed 1 May 2017.
Polaris. Polaris,
polarisproject.org/. Accessed 3
May 2017.
ANNOTATION THOUGHTS
According to the website The
National Hotline has been in operation
since December 7th, 2007, by Polaris,
a non-profit, non-governmental
organization. Since 2007 there have
754 cases of human trafficking
statewide. Sex trafficking is one of
two forms of human trafficking. As
of December 31, 2016, 181 human
trafficking cases had been reported
in the state of North Carolina. 130 of
those cases were sex trafficking
cases. Since 2012 448 cases of sex
trafficking have been reported. Sex
trafficking is modern day slavery,
where individuals perform commercial
sex acts through force, fraud, or
coercion. Minors under the age of 18
are considered victims, regardless of
the situation. Psychological means of
control such as threats and fraud are
just as effective as physical harm.
According to the National Human
Trafficking Resource Center
(NHTRC) North Carolina State
Report for 2015, there are over 20
cities that reported locations of
potential trafficking. Greensboro,
Charlotte, Gastonia, Hickory, Raleigh,
and Durham are just a few cities
names in the report.
Polaris is named after the North Star
that guided slaves to freedom in the
U.S. and a leader in the global fight
to eradicate modern slavery. Many
victims become romantically involved
Tish Hill
States Human
trafficking is a form
of modern-day slavery
in which traffickers
use force, fraud, or
coercion to control
victims for the
purpose of engaging in
commercial sex acts
or labor services
against his/her will.
Most sites that offer
information about
human trafficking
refer victims to the
National Human
Trafficking Hotline.
Polaris is responsible
for the operation the
operation of the
National Human
Trafficking Hotline.
Annotated Bibliography Tish Hill

with someone who forces or

manipulates them into prostitution
and the situations they face vary
dramatically. Some victims are
forced to sell sex by their parents or
other family members, while some are
lured in with promises of modeling or
dancing jobs. Sex trafficking takes
place in many different places such as
massage businesses, online ads,
escort services, street corners, truck
stops, hotels, motels and residential
brothels. Polaris stated Runaway and
homeless youth, as well as victims of
domestic violence, sexual assault, war
or conflict, or social discrimination
are frequently targeted by
traffickers. Basically they lure their
victims into sex trafficking by
exploiting and manipulating their
vulnerabilities. Often using the
victims vulnerabilities as leverage to
create a dependency. Victims become
trapped and fear leaving for reasons
such as shame, emotional attachment,
physical threats to them or their
children, and often times
psychological trauma. Traffickers
recruit, transport, harbor, obtain, and
exploit victims. Control tactics
include physical and emotional abuse,
rape, isolation from family and
friends, taking confiscating their
money and identification, as well as
renaming them. Traffickers come in
forms of pimps, organizations,
employers of domestic servants and
family members. The common
denominator is a willingness to exploit
 Annotated Bibliography
Advocacy, Women- Human
Trafficking. NC Administration,
ncadmin.nc.gov/. Accessed 3 May
2017.
Tish Hill
other human beings for profit.
The rise of human trafficking in There are state level
North Carolina is due to many factors organizations
including the major highways (40, 85, available to help
and 95) that run through our state, a victims of human
large, number of transient military trafficking.
population surrounded by sexually
oriented businesses and the
increasing number of gangs in North
Carolina. The North Carolina
Department of Administration states
that there are three core elements
when it comes to the definition of
trafficking. The action of trafficking
means the recruitment,
transportation/transfer or harboring,
or receiving of persons. Second core
element includes threats or use of
force, deception, coercion, and abuse
of power. Lastly, the purpose of
trafficking is always exploitation,
which include commercial sex acts.
However, a victim does not have to be
physically transported from one
location to another in order for the
crime to fall within these definitions.
Created in 1957, the Department of
Administration acts as the business
manager for North Carolina state
government and provides facility
services and advocacy programs.
There is an advocacy program for
women called The North Carolina
Council for Women, dealing with
issues like domestic violence and
sexual assault. While working with
 Annotated Bibliography
Department of Homeland Security
http://www.dhs.gov/blue-
campaign/what-human-trafficking
Tish Hill
domestic violence and sexual assault
agencies, The North Carolina Council
for Women started noticing victims
of human trafficking. They then
became committed to end human
trafficking in all forms. The North
Carolina Council for Women is
partnered with the Blue Campaign,
which is governed by Homeland
Security.
Each year, millions of men, women, This interview with
and children are trafficked in the Joy proves that sex
United States and in countries around trafficking happens in
the world. Human trafficking is a the state of N.C.
transnational crime, coming in second
to drug trafficking, it generates
billions of dollars each year. Most
states have their own laws
criminalizing human trafficking. As a
result, the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security pursues
collaborative investigations with law
enforcement agencies at federal,
state, and county levels. The U.S.
Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) is responsible for investigating
human trafficking, protecting the
victims and bringing traffickers to
justice. The Blue Campaign is the
unified voice for DSH when it comes
to combating human trafficking. The
Blue Campaign works in collaboration
with law enforcement,
government/non-government, and
private agencies. They also provide
training to increase detection and
investigation of human trafficking,
and to protect victims and bring
Annotated Bibliography Tish Hill

suspected traffickers to justice.

DHS utilizes a victim-centered
approach to combat human
trafficking, it places equal value on
identifying and stabilizing the victim
as well as the investigation and
prosecution of traffickers. Sex
trafficking is a hidden crime and
indicators are not always noticeable.
The first step in ending human
trafficking involves being able to
identify victims. Below are some
common indicators used to recognize
victims of human trafficking:
1. Individual seems disconnected from
family and friends.
2. Child has stopped attending school.
3. Sudden or dramatic change in
behavior.
4. Juvenile engaged in commercial
sex.
5. Shows signs of mental or physical
abuse, may seem disoriented or
confused.
6. Has bruises or signs of healing in
various stages.
7. Individual is fearful or submissive.
8. Defers to someone else when asked
a question in the presence of
company.
9. With someone that controls their
every move.
10. Not allowed to go anywhere alone
and coached on what to say.
To report suspected Human
trafficking, you can contact the
Department of Homeland Security by
calling 1-866-347-2423. To get help
from the National Human Trafficking
 Annotated Bibliography
O'Boyle, Maureen. Human
Trafficking: A Charlotte Woman's
Journey from Enslavement to
Salvation. Human Trafficking: A
Charlotte Woman's Journey from
Enslavement to Salvation, WBTV,
Charlotte, NC, 16 Jan. 2016.
http://www.wbtv.com
Tish Hill
Hotline please call 1-888-373-7888
or text HELP or INFO to BeFree
(233733)
Human trafficking victims come from
many diverse backgrounds. And if you
think that it cant happen to you or in
your community, youre sadly
mistakenly. Joy was raised by her
adopted parents. As a child Joy grew
up taking dance and piano lessons.
Like most teens, she went through
some rough times and by 18 years old
she was living on her own in right here
in Charlotte. While in a club one
night she was approached by a young
woman, who showered her with
compliments and pulled out about
three thousand dollars in cash. By
the time Joy realized what was
happening to her, she was under the
control of a pimp involved in sex
trafficking. Joy would a good part of
her life under the control of her
pimp. Drugs and fear were the main
tactics used to keep her dependent
on her pimp. Drugs are often used to
keep the victim submissive and under
control. However, as time goes on
drugs can sometimes be the victims
only means of escape from their
situation. When asked about drugs,
Joy says Nobody can do this sober,
nobody can. It's terrible, she cried.
Because if you're actually present all
the way when you're doing this stuff,
you would go crazy. You have to have
some way out. Fear is what keeps
them in place and bound to their pimp.
Annotated Bibliography Tish Hill

Joy feared being beaten by her pimp

and had no access to money, so she
was basically trapped with no hopes
of escaping. Joys ordeal came to an
end when she knocked on the door of
a hotel room expecting to see a John.
She was exhausted and high on drugs
so she had no clue as to what was
happening to her. Joy says the only
thing she could remember was being
scared. She sat wondering if her
pimp would come in shooting if shed
be arrested. Like most victims who
are brainwashed, it had to be
explained to Joy that she was a
victim of sex trafficking. In case
youre wondering Joy is going great
now she works as a dental assistant
and is also married.