Example From Theory To Caesar II

Study Model : Theory Vs.
Caesar II
Hot Modulus @ 300 C

@Temp = 300 C
Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x (

1 N /mm 2
1 MPa ) x (0.003601 mm/mm)
For Secondary Loads FT = 5125326 N

Thermal Axial
S = 667.12 N/mm2 Force
For Primary Loads P = AE
Weight 5 m = 60.18 kg/m x 5m =2952 N S = E
Weight @ each support = 1475 N
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/7682.75 mm2 = 0.192 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) /

(273.052-254.5082)
= 11.6653 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.192 + 11.6653 N/mm2 = 11.86 N/mm2
Corroded case
Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm
di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm.
Longitudinal stress from weight SLW= 1475 N/5534.608 mm2 = 0.2665 N/mm2
Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) /

(273.052-259.825752)
= 12.5114 N/mm2
Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78

N/mm2
@Temp = 250 C
Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x (

1 N /mm 2
1 MPa ) x (0.002878 mm/mm)
For Secondary Loads FT = 4173000 N
S = 543.16 N/mm2
For Primary Loads
Same values as Temp. 300 C

Report 1:
Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY
CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1
NODE Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ DX DY DZ
Case (N) (N) (N ) (N.m.) (N.m.) (N.m.) (mm.) (mm.) (mm.)
Rigid
2100 ANC
2(OPE) 0 -5125994 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 -4174644 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
7(EXP) 0 -4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

-5
MAX 125994/L2 -0.000/L2
Rigid
2110 ANC
5
2(OPE) 0 123044 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4
3(OPE) 0 171693 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

5
6(EXP) 0 124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4
7(EXP) 0 173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
5
MAX 124519/L6 0.000/L6
Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***
Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3
Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4
Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1
3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1
Load From Code Allowable To Node Code Allowable Piping

Case Node Stress Stress Stress Stress Code
N./sq.mm N./sq.mm N./sq.mm N./sq.mm
. . . .
B31.3 *
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 325.33 2110 656.45 325.33
B31.3 *
3(OPE) 533.00 336.96 532.62 336.96
B31.3
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3 *
6(EXP) 667.03 325.33 667.03 325.33
B31.3 *
7(EXP) 543.20 336.96 543.20 336.96
Report 2:
Use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***
Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.)
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

. . . .
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 325.33 2110 656.45 325.33 B31.3 *
3(OPE) 533.00 336.96 532.62 336.96 B31.3 *
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
6(EXP) 667.03 325.33 667.03 325.33 B31.3 *
7(EXP) 543.20 336.96 543.20 336.96 B31.3 *
Report 3:
Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range
Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress
*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***
CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

. . . .
B31.3
2(OPE) 2100 656.84 0.00 2110 656.45 0.00
B31.3
3(OPE) 533.00 0.00 532.62 0.00
B31.3
4(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
5(SUS) 12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37
B31.3
6(EXP) 0.00 202.96 0.00 202.96
B31.3
7(EXP) 0.00 205.28 0.00 205.28
Report 4:
Rigid
2100 ANC
2(OPE) 0 -512599 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4
3(OPE) 0 -417464 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -512451 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

9
7(EXP) 0 -417316 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

8
MAX -512599 -0.000/

4/L2 L2
Rigid
2110 ANC
2(OPE) 0 5123044 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
3(OPE) 0 4171693 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

7(EXP) 0 4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
MAX 5124519 0.000/L

/L6 6

. . . .
656.84 0.00 656.45 0.00 B31.3
2(OPE) 2100 2110
533.00 0.00 532.62 0.00 B31.3
3(OPE)
12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
4(SUS)
12.39 122.37 12.85 122.37 B31.3
5(SUS)
0.00 202.96 0.00 202.96 B31.3
6(EXP)
0.00 205.28 0.00 205.28 B31.3
7(EXP)
Report 5 :
Use Cold Modulus (Ec) for Report Force & Stress
Rigid
2100 ANC
2(OPE) 0 -562806 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

6
3(OPE) 0 -449915 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

9
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 -562659 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

0
7(EXP) 0 -449768 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4
MAX -562806 -0.000/

6/L2 L2
Rigid
2110 ANC
2(OPE) 0 562511 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

5
3(OPE) 0 449620 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
9
4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000
6(EXP) 0 562659 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

1
7(EXP) 0 449768 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000

4
MAX 562659 0.000/L

1/L6 6
Highest Stresses: (MPa )

MPa MPa MPa MPa
722.23 0.00 721.85 0.00 B31.3
2(OPE) 2100 2110
533.03 0.00 532.65 0.00 B31.3
3(OPE)
12.39 122.38 12.85 122.38 B31.3
4(SUS)
12.39 122.38 12.85 122.38 B31.3
MPa MPa MPa MPa
5(SUS)
0.00 202.97 0.00 202.97 B31.3
6(EXP)
0.00 205.30 0.00 205.30 B31.3
7(EXP)
C2 Configuration For Stress
B31.3 Paragraph 319.2.3(c)
Enables the software to include axial terms in the expansion stress according to
Paragraph 319.2.3(c) of B31.3. This option has three settings, as discussed below.
No (default) - CAESAR II behaves as it always has, and axial stresses are not
included in the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range value. (This is Se in
Eq. (17) of B31.3.)
|Sa| + Se - The absolute value of the axial stress is added to the (Expansion)
Displacement Stress Range, and the sum is reported as the (Expansion)
Displacement Stress Range, Se. This selection is more conservative than ( |
Sa| + Sb )2.
( |Sa| + Sb )2 - The absolute value for the axial stress is added to the bending
term in the (Expansion) Displacement Stress Range equation (Se, Eq (17) in
B31.3). This selection is less conservative than |Sa| + Se. This option is
more nearly theoretically correct, and consistent with Appendix P
Eqs (P17a) and (P17b).
Implement B31.3 Appendix P
Activating this option implements the alternate rules in B31.3 Appendix P. This
option produces a "code compliance operating load case", with allowable stress
values.
Implement B31.3 Code Case 178
Activating this option causes the program to compute the Sustained stresses
according to B31.3 Code Case 178.
ASME Website Code Case 178. Activating this option over-rides the directives for
"F/A" and "torsion", since the Code Case explicitly defines how to make the
Sustained Case stress calculation.
Add F/A in Stresses
This option determines whether or not the axial stress term is included in the code
stress computation. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use
whatever the currently active piping code recommends. Only the B31.3-type piping
codes (i.e. codes where the sustained stress equation is not explicitly given) have
the F/A stresses included in the sustained and occasional stress equations. The
B31.1-type codes do not include the F/A stresses because the equations given
explicitly in the code do not include it. The F/A stresses discussed here are not due
to longitudinal pressure. These are the F/A stresses due to structural loads in the
piping system itself.
Add Torsion in SL Stress
Some piping codes include torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by
explicitly including it in the stress equation (i.e. B31.1), and some don't include
torsion in the sustained and occasional stresses by implicitly calling for "longitudinal
stresses" only (i.e. B31.3). Setting the Add Torsion in SL Stress directive to Yes
forces CAESAR II to include the torsion term in those codes that don't include it
already by default. Setting this directive to Default causes CAESAR II to use
whatever the currently active piping code implies. In a sustained stress analysis of a
very hot piping system subject to creep, it is recommended that the user include
torsion in the sustained stress calculation via this parameter in the setup file.
Liberal Stress Allowable

A conservative formulation of the allowable expansion stress range for many codes
in CAESAR II is calculated from:
SA = f ( 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh )
When the user requests that the Liberal Allowable be used, the difference
between Sh and Sl, provided Sh > Sl, will be added to the term inside the
parenthesis, i.e.
SA(Liberal) = f[ 1.25 Sc + .25 Sh + ( Sh - Sl) ]
The liberal expression will only be employed when there is at least one sustained
stress case in the load set. If there is more than one sustained stress case in a
single problem, then the largest of Sl, considering all of the sustained cases, for any
single element end will be chosen to subtract from Sh. Because the sustained stress
varies from one pipe to another, the allowable expansion stress will also vary.
By default, New Job Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable is in its computation of the
expansion stress allowable. (New models are created using this configuration
setting.) Users not wishing to utilize this default setting for calculating the
expansion can simply change the state of this check box. CAESAR II uses the
liberal stress allowable setting in the configuration file
All Cases Corroded

A recent version of the B31.3 piping code mentioned reducing the section
modulus for sustained or occasional stress calculations by the reduction in
wall thickness due to corrosion. Several users have interpreted this to mean
that the reduced section modulus should be used for all stress calculations,
including expansion. This directive allows those users to apply this conservative
interpretation of the code. Enabling All Cases Corroded causes CAESAR II to use
the corroded section modulus for the calculation of all stress types. This method is
recommended as conservative, and probably more realistic as corrosion
can significantly affect fatigue life, i.e., expansion. Disabling this directive
causes CAESAR II to strictly follow the piping code recommendations, i.e.
depending on the active piping code, some load cases will consider corrosion and
some will not.

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Study Model : Theory Vs.

Hot Modulus @ 300 C

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8526E+005 MPa) x (

For Secondary Loads FT = 5125326 N

For Primary Loads P = AE

Weight 5 m = 60.18 kg/m x 5m =2952 N S = E

Weight @ each support = 1475 N

Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) /

Wall Thickness = 9.271 1.5 (9.271x12.5%) = 6.612125 mm

di = 273.05- (2xt) = 259.82575 mm.

Longitudinal stress from Pressure SLp= Pdi2/(d02-di2) = 1.569 N/mm2 x (273.052) /

Total Longitudinal stress SL = 0.2665 + 12.5114 N/mm2 = 12.78

Thermal Force = (D2/4)E = 7682.75 mm2 x (1.8873E+005 MPa) x (

For Secondary Loads FT = 4173000 N

For Primary Loads

Same values as Temp. 300 C

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY

CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

CASE 3 (SUS) W+P1

2(OPE) 0 -5125994 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

3(OPE) 0 -4174644 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

6(EXP) 0 -5124519 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

7(EXP) 0 -4173168 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

4(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

5(SUS) 0 -1475 0 0 0 0 0.000 -0.000 0.000

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***

Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load From Code Allowable To Node Code Allowable Piping

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Not use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED ***

Highest Stresses: (N. /sq.mm.)

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 205.0 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Code Stress: 667.0 Allowable: 325.3

Axial Stress: 667.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 6 (EXP) L6=L2-L4

Bending Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Torsion Stress: 0.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Hoop Stress: 26.0 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

3D Max Intensity: 805.5 @Node 2110 LOADCASE: 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1

Load From Code Allowable To Node Code Allowable Piping

Use Hot Modulus (Eh1,Eh2) for Report Force & Stress

Not use Appendix P for Operating stress range

Use Code Case 178 for sustained stress

Piping Code: B31.3 = B31.3 -2008, December 31, 2008

*** CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED ***

Highest Stresses: (N./sq.mm. )

CodeStress Ratio (%) is 10.5 at Node 2110 LOADCASE: 4 (SUS) W+P1

Code Stress: 12.8 Allowable: 122.4

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION FAILED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *

* CODE COMPLIANCE EVALUATION PASSED *