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When we use the past simple, we often say the time of the action: in 1960, at 7.30, on Monday.
Time Signals (Adverb of Frequency)
Yesterday : kemarin
Last night : semalam, tadi malam
Last week : minggu yang lalu
A few minutes ago : beberapa menit yang lalu
Two days ago : dua hari yang lalu
A month ago : sebulan yang lalu
In 1976 : pada tahun 1976
Affirmative (Positive) Form (+)
Subject Verb Examples
I, You, We, They Past Tense I saw the car of my brother
He, She, It
2 Irregular Verbs
have no regular pattern
Many common verbs have an irregular past form:
e.g:
go went
have had
meet met
get got
feel felt
eat ate
Future intentions
besides the formula above future tenses can use to be + going + to + infinitive
We use to be + going + to + infinitive when we are talking about our plans or intentions
- We are going to study English next summer.
- Alice is not going to have a party this year.
(+) Im
(-) Im not Going to Infinitive
(?) Am I
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
Example: The man must have eaten five hamburgers > The man (subject) is doing the eating
(verb)
Example: Marylin mailed the letter > The Marylin (subject) is doing the mailing (verb)
Example: Colorfull Parrots live in the forest > The Parrots (subject) is doing the living (verb)
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the
active voice.
Passive Voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the
subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
Example: Five hamburgers must have been eaten by the man > Hamburgers (subject) are being
eaten (verb)
Example: The letter was mailed by Marylin > Letter (subject) is being mailed (verb)
Example: Colorfull Parrots live in the forest > The Parrots (subject) is doing the living (verb)
NOTE: Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence
does not have a direct object.
Exercises
Adjectives are words that are used to modify (identify, describe or limit) a noun. Adverbs are words that
are used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
1) ADJECTIVES - used to describe the condition of subjects.
Examples:
The time they had together was short.
He took all reasonable measures to mitigate the loss.
a) Comparison Adjectives Though there are some unmodified adjectives that are used for
comparisons (i.e. best, better) many adjectives form the comparative of persons or things by
adding er or est to the word or by prefixing the adjective with words such as: more, most,
less, or least.
Comparison Adjective examples:
b) Proper Adjectives are descriptive adjectives derived from proper nouns. Capitalize proper
adjectives.
Examples:
American history
French cuisine
c) Senses verbs need adjectives: (look, smell, taste, feel, sound) - these adjectives indicate
the quality or condition of the subject through the senses.
Examples:
John only nominated Bates for chairman. (...meaning he didnt vote for him)
John nominated only Bates for chairman (...meaning he didnt nominate anyone else)
b) Unnecessary Adverbs should be avoided.
Examples:
Preposition is a word that shows the connection between noun and pronoun with another word in one
sentence. The word could be adjective, noun, and verb. The following are frequently used preposition in
English:
about above across after against
along among around at before
behind below beside besides between
by despite down during for
from in into like near
next to of off on out
over since through till to
toward(s) under until up upon
with within without
For (untuk)
Examples:
This book is for you
Maybe the present is for him
After (setelah,seperti)
Examples:
I will come back after finishing this job
She is named after her grandmother
The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the much more
general observation that:
Example:
Children know the fastest ways home.
The latter sentence refers to children in general and their specific ways home. Likewise,
Example:
Give me the book.
refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly
different meaning from
Example:
Give me a book.
which uses an indefinite article, which does not specify what book is to be given.
The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes:
Example:
The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the Brassica genus.
Indefinite Article:
An indefinite article indicates that its noun is not a particular one (or ones) identifiable to the listener. It
may be something that the speaker is mentioning for the first time, or its precise identity may be
irrelevant or hypothetical, or the speaker may be making a general statement about any such thing.
English uses a/an, from the Old English forms of the number "one", as its primary indefinite article. The
form an is used before words that begin with a vowel sound (even if spelled with an initial consonant, as
in an hour), and a before words that begin with a consonant sound (even if spelled with a vowel, as in a
European).
Example:
She had a house so large that an elephant would get lost without a map.