ANIMAL POISON ‘They are irritant poisons Classified as 1. Cantherides (Spanish Fly) 2. Snakes (CANTHERIDES (Spanish Fly itis about 2 - 2.5 cm long and 0.5 om broad. Its head is shining and metall transparent wings. or taken orally Active principle is cantheridin green, It has (egs and wing sheaths under, | which one can see two thin brownish | Itis irritant both when applied externally | Resltessness M.L. importane: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS “| {Fatal dose- 4 gram of erystattine exomal cantheridine 3 eons Fatal period - 2 days - several days 2 Baring pain Treatment. ined tee salvation | Gastric lavage 2 Nausea i | Sedation Sou mined ; ot Demuicent drinks aw gratia | - Symptomatic | 3 Weakness Come 8. Death | itis used as aphrodasiac and | abortifacient. So paisoning is accidental % Cobra ~ commonsense Pr VAPEIS ~ Sows meee S&S Sea snakes11/24/2014 Cobra Shorea fangs Viper Shoat stut | ciamend shaped ness Prgminent neck elseales on Ned [pcs sine Fangs ong, hollow -injact Give birth live youn, oematove | 2 ped : | | | | a - | ‘conaa BER The normal fuhction of snake verfom is to | Bech Long ofianical (Stor wih nro immobifgg-tne prey And to asst in : hpi digestion. So it contains tbft substances fad: Neat of same width Teanga and wir Sof neh covered Ign neck covered 4nd enzymes and toxalbumins. ‘nth aE Scales stall scales Itis clear transparent fluid pies Rovra Verticat Ht contains: Fangs: Shor, (aed and Long, maxabie ona 1L Fibrinolysins roves eanatsea (canbe 2. Proteolysins tnrough cokes ans 3. Neurotoxin (cobra, king cobra, krait) eae 4.Cholinesterase (" "" "} | enon: Newotoxe “oveultone i31/21/2014 Ccoora venom is predominaniy | 5,Haemolysin {Vipers ) | Reurolowe andiaets on esp anc cardiac | 6. Thromboplastin (") | cise : a Nach rane ended atine manual — | 8. Cardiotoxin : | 8. Coagulase accuotoue and hay | 10, Hyaluronidase auees ys fred el, hacrnagoone, i = Sp, ee Swetieng oe geal Buining pain CMS oos ines, : Mera ay | comatose lensing om vanous sto Progressive weakness and paral of ages Nenana tenoy msc actu tong, ps 20 | es | TREATMENT Assurance to aang anaety a 5, Potyalen an snake venom stun (anivern)L {ear (vooar therapy) “ 20 ml 2 hrly till symptams got less (polyvalent because “prevent en 9fpossn nication Jone opal! per an cia) og tes mtr ee 1 Vestre tau Sem abow tte ste of bie Brote aon 1st shout bs loosened for one mito Rivonia may ve nated tote site al ve oe Sf ls ony for reins o prevent gangrene. ach tow eases yenocenst an ‘Tr svead Js mug ype by sen Smatonaic | Montag sation one ne oun wasn ooo) teperture | 2 dyetncray tappeation oie) fot very | ila ore | ) 4 Neostgmine 0. mg hy and DS mgt | | | samp sulphate € to control newerparae Srmptons { Mthaine | Ac Rexplaon f Bast oF et Tors4/2014 P.M. Findings: Bite marks 4 cm deep in cobra 2 cm deep in viper SCORPIONS: Ithas a sting att end of tail Venom consists toxalbumin Venom is haemolytic and neurotoxic Signs, symptoms, remains same (exe Oedema Discolouration Cellulitis at site of bite mark Oozing of blood Biood is fluid and dark in colour Signs of asphyxia M.L. Importance: Accidental - is a | NS oRFHYTOTOXNS | | | MALBUMINS OR PHYTOTOXINS =} ACASE OF SNAKE BITE, WHO IS | These are poisonous proteins commonly found | SENSITIVE TO ANTIVENIN - HOW TO ._ | plants, bacteria cutures and'snake venom. | TREAT. | $ have got antigenic property and mil | | produce antibody when gets nto the bod. | Ehises agglutination of fed eels, haemo Desensitization of such cas | | injection of 0.5 to 1 mi of antisera in | ee | diluted form at an int 15 mts | Set | and then slowly a full dose is | | ene | | injected | ‘AVERAGE ADULT DOSE OF ANTIVENIN WHAT IS CPHITOXAEMIA | 60 mi-of which 4/346 given at bite site subeutaneously 1/3 is even yt | 1/3is given WW Poisoning caused by snake bite is called Ophitoxaemia Antivenin neutralises the circulating toxin, nat the toxin which iS already fixed to the tissues. Thus i should be given within 4 hrs of bite :L mi of antivenin neutralises 20 MLD of, king cobra venom Poiency of each Iypholised powder persists for 10 years,los 12004 IRRITANT POISONS | ‘Bung Dyeanape Omura andre ear tees ICLASSIFICATION- REFER NOTES OF IGEN. TOXICOLOGY PHOSPHORUS POISONING | "Sees, ‘bee tpgrte eeu i ease Wend i omgecsadark, | edt peparea hese wt ot 2800 tena Niegener CO, aimoiptere. MECHANISM OF ACTION= » Hans 96 6 usaplasme alson I hinders oscinon satel teal angus tars nor cal ‘neiabotm > Neauses tissue destruction oy afecing wot, tt and caronrctate metabotsm Its calcd a frotopanme posson » Yellow pasos causes tan turns when cones in enact ree » Misa potent nepstroue and enuses extensive aty Alegenbraion of vars erga many ter ant . ACUTE PHOSPHORUS POISONING | STOR ‘stage eset ror 9-6 ms {ostsram 1-8 ys uring pam tout To atten Nauses,voming Tost | 83 of Garic occur artis and nota) belaninourn dom Stat inoy mittee (aot so0) sy 2rosage: | Daraton 2-9 days Patent ees bor and ayptomatc3° sige ‘Ths ede to absorbed poison is systems ee: Feappssrace 0! voreting us. charrse Jaundice hepatomegaly sing mo tn ard mucous meme Epon, malers naometuna Deke Come srtovascuscotapse Sess anid albuminaus ut (eal dame) arty odour fom breath (eetirnepetc.s) losers igh palin ies. Shock wa ew hours FATAL Dose rag) FATAL PERIOD™ avy Ose - 4-10 Hrs Fala gose. 2-7 drs | TREATMENT » Somean wasn wah Raa 02% CuSo, wasting to be done » Animal ehareot AEE FHLONS containaiestet * Megsuiohate as pugatve to evacuate Bowe = Symptomatic V glucose shock {Blood transtusion WK tor weeding » Portoneal or Hoemodialssifequned Whole bood tanstuson i niostine wsorders |W white phosohorusis kent under wel /Aerosene iUgates al 30-0 in a 90d oxtsed mats anospnorescence = On exposure to air ever at ordinary temp. white phosphorus oxiises with formation of pale yes Slawgfumes isis phosphorescence = MHC Is cMBoation of jp ok male atch and stikng Sua of males Bo TR ol maleh stick - mixture of pot. ehorate + Antimony Supe powdoved gloss = Ge sirking surtace - miu of rea phosphonss + powered a8 gl ‘Hom iis used in Arson (To set ro) Wit phesphorus is covered wih molt cawdung 0d thrown over thatched roa, ute downs ee Setting te. As the cow cung gets ned and ss Fesult of phosphoresconce trons Me austere catones tre Poisons which cause PRIAPISM ‘annanace ‘Malte. foison which s used as an antkote of another poison Cae sunae in et presto oso oolesinic poisons? they cause clianges within the protopiasm thai causes cal death The sirtura etements of protoplasm are molecaka pin bers which are osely bound togatior “The fibers are bled iN TIE OT EaVEFaT ways, an Jinterwining {-8) Brush-heap b) Symmetical rg } Onented miceliae 4} OF 8 pars averapaing alignment L In each case there is contact between the fivars [The frmness of hese contact bonds determines the magnitude of tne foregoing physica! ropes, and also the physiological state ot protoplasm ma)When susiances which cause physiological ‘depression are added to protoplasm, sabstances SCR as narcotic or anesthetic agents, no mal what ther nature, whether carbon eloxde, ehloraform. cycloropane, cold, electrical or mechanical shock the protoplasm gelates. i ‘comveried inte a frm jy {Selatnization has taken place because the bonds between the fibrous stfuctwral unis have 1os12018 When, on ne other hand, substances which cause physiological stimulation, Sch ag atone nat a tng odsed ‘o peSTpiai, te ving substance soknes Mat becomes more tut uscouse tne bonds botwean the rotein fibers have loosoned * Gast contents ae garly i odou and turmeusmnen * Liver shows fay degeneration and appears yet + Kidney targe wih ftly degeneration * Hoon ple abby * Blood vessels may show fal enbot ‘nen The rtopism isin amore exslate sat the I me bonds become ireversia, then coagulation, Dongs hecome what eo than 9 complete, and deat, resut oversine. clase mn srutur, and deat reso Autopsy fing: ML imp : » Skin yolow due to jaundice + Recdenia-n post necause of is use in 2 Mucosa of stomach and intestine is yellow matenbox * Suicidal. Used in rat poison «Homicidal Rat poison: mixed wih alcoholic rink ls Avorttacient — + GigeheffS- white phosshonss desalued a Targa cisulide may be thiown onones face CHRONIC PHOSPHORUS POISONING Exposure by inhalation in match factory Workers. Site of action is teeth specially which has carries. It results in thickening of ‘he periostium af bone and results into pain in jaw, gradual necrosis and oesteomyelts. ‘Mutiple sinus discharge appear, This is known as phossy Jaw usually the ISWEr jaw isafeced SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Arges + vomiting *Dartoos Death results cus to ba a pom am pa a even10/31/2014 MERCURY (NEPHROTONIG) | OR QUICKSILVER i TREATMENT. ACUTE Hg Poisoning | Prod neck ups and Xj Senta eaten | 1 Corto toto be onto presa eee esac | 1 ow ands condermed wees 1 Rremof he woror shut! be stated wih Nowa: cnn | ease eererEE “Accidental poisoning is more common than homicigal «Gover! deorness fain Doce tage hivinp Faraurenoo: 3 eye 7 Gsaty aetna es workers of atch mousey Tota soe st orev sar Pec fouoree ao seed || Sehchtmanatnchate supyson oes te] — | a] cornea | tHeooionina i abeinataia wats \ 44 Thmmbocrtoenn ‘poisoning | | eee | | | pronounced | | | sexta | ee | | aus non soon takes 1-18 ts | L = - || | Ero am supose 14-6 myn $808 j Drarvonac soutien fx comeat baci) | | etree merere Chore to metle er | oo wa pnee mera, | 1 oon inet be rroduoed stomach Pai | | Whtesteg 2-3 EDTA Notreconmended iit very ecto anait | j See czoien awn meaetemsons | | 1 Sog.beat. 1302 8, Symptomatic | we ton Sonne | The ons nao meray abun rei ny wren sec | Pees car aa eto I Seen cre | | Delay 6. Pertonea alysis ¥ needed | | [7 Excronge anthsionf vequred | | as 2 : {|10/31/2014 Pm. findings: Signs of corrosion in upper GIT with Ac ulcers Large intestine inflamed Kidneys are congested and enlarged with hgic spats. + Liver and heart show fatty changes seal Chronic mercurial poisoning (Hyarargyrism) Itis due to repeated contact with poison in ‘small doses. This is more common than acute poisoning. This occurs in persons working in factories for mercury salts ie Barometer, Thermometer and Mirror Symptoms: Coley pin n ater Ini, sot, pin ame {Spon Bus) roman ue ne appear te uncon tm and te Oe Cara ean mors in ran oar singe) en known ae Danby "Hamors f musts face, tng a arms (Mert enatay ators stake Cine Bower's se) i tree aen evn naa ot nay poson acted array ewes Mane depressive peychose also town as MAD HATTER ‘eo depostanc! tiga aee ty any esr Acre pk isuase)commonin chien whe use oath Ponder conirang mercury sa, characte by Pury hn and est Perspration Peaing of skin ‘Sum uleration| Mioentaaseese.- Organica piconna by met mercy thous pono ah [treatment ‘Avid exposure ~ Ota anteeptes 2 ceguarintvals + Sodium Posuipatey 48/200 mg n 5 ecol Neck ‘on alomate ays BAL or EDTA, DIAGNOSIS, “By Kray = Measunng blood Fig level (Normal is less than ‘314/300 m)j done by AA Urinary Ha level (normal i ess than 40 mg/t00 mi air analysis | |10312014 | ia Prysin popertos ‘ators, arora ecals Sal quartic it person eis sean Printing and dye lacks ivan ea | ) | |) MetticAregnic x non-poisone | paisonau sate are i omit } SE | Inintatestseuee, depresses the nervous system ‘ane prevents tissue respiration [ACUTE ARSENIC POISONING: [acure poisotunc OR FULIMANT TYPE ode oi Acton: 7 Ceuer metabatem is carangetby ne winttanoltne | Buiphvorytenzyme system 2 tystoretered asa play ‘sania eaptry aie | “ae deposed nia lonster- Usual nin 2 hs oto ike 1 paso 4 Dark stools contaming blood an plenty of Haid Ike tice water stool of cholera (de to rupture of vessols under the intestinal mucosa flowed by Vansudstion of capillanes) 5 Af aflects kidney - by depression of formavon of ‘tine, FC in urine an ftar rer fare 6. Flue ano electrolyte imbalance results in dehyaration and cramps in muscles. Thus pation! Sentmes testis so shock in terminal stages 18 Goma, corvusion snd duath 9. In cases of poisoning by arsenic dust, he patient get cough with frothy sputum, resp Gistress and cyanosis. The lerminal event bbe pul. edema 110. Heavy doses can cause sudden death due to ‘shock. In some cases high doses may cause ‘vomiting thereby expeling most of the poison fand the patient Is saved | 11. In some cases the gastromtestinal symptoms | ‘are minimal of abseni. The patient nas |. giddiness, pain in prevordiumn, deirum, ioss of | Consciousness and death A complete paralysis Sfextremities may be seen before death. thie | termed ag,narcotic form of arsenic poisoning }can 10/31/2014 [sueacute Possornc: MODES OF DEATH [the appearance of symptoms take mee tn aid he ‘cDahyeatioh ahaa eurate symptom predemiates, CHAS ata fk Jee, Mulipleperiohieral news, pan 1 calf muscles, vulsions - renal failure Paralysis of muscles. socal syrnpans of ik Pulnenary oedema ould e pain Abdomen, vomiting dak so! th ood jaundice may set in ate Jaa DOSE: 180-200 me PAIAL PERIOD: 22-24 nous DIFF.IN ARSENIC POISONING & CHOLERA | asenc eon ans nes | = Gnsyetne + nestencten Seperecst an ) | fein a mene 2 ease ea ‘EE bepanchoemoied Fe con | bias Seeman 5 Gynec ety ronuca | segntsaearton eee er oes tone oi ot eh emp ae CAUSES OF DEATH PA 2etometn ses Yan a he Acute poisoning ce cone Dehytaton & crouatory cotapee ae Hepate ature con Elective imbalance speci of K eis eee ee | MG}E: Greek orate seme wnt an chvonies | Howie) aspnevvet te mode tnscooe ts teach Tore eneephalopathy ‘nosh shou be canon at eases trier current intoetion | Hepatic and ronal damage‘Autopsy tincings. Extemat- Signs of dahyeration Rigor montis lasts tonger Interna Mouth Mucosa shows signs of inflammation G.LT- Mucosa red and inflamed with submucous Hage velve seach) fson plus Stomach contents are dark 1o/312014 ML. Importance CCommen homicial poison because ap “esi avaiabie No sm no taste = Iie potent smal quanti required = Signs symp. Reserblesisease ‘thas ag porigg (15-30 mis. ate giving) Dicadventaaes AS eae ptlacton eo body i preset or ‘enger uton 2 sows no cetiratesby soso can easy be eveatsoon chen Anaiae 31 Hest does ne aenoy so even ark bodies an bo detected 4 Cane detecleeven in ni, a, bones ae 5 Mai grows {em mein na gras 2 pe Seif chemical anaysis is doe rom aa 1 oe ursion nde detects |Accidental - mistaken identity [Suicidal - rare [Frequently used as cattle poison [Sometimes used es abortifacient CHRONIC POISONING _ Usually occurs in 1 Peer n inaustes of eecteee aii, dyes, onmanes, dogs oe 2 Maybe 353 alow vp of acute poisoning were large doses have baen consumes ‘in Tetacee sree ‘Cigars up 10 pom ‘igre 0 50 pom Ismrstems Jsage — weientons Cote ein | Genertnoatsins vominng | pesage cutaneous oivpuons ins arts) LiveraneWanay mace | Sirius and snows pamonaton Thieknowse Macrae (ir hoki)tors 2014 stage macy tage j SP apices | Treatment 1 Removal from further exposure 2, BAL injection 2. Improve general nutrition DIAGNOSIS 1 Mass Tes Nis based on the prnciple that arseniuretod hydrogen s iterated when nascent hycrogen reacts wi Ba ‘Thus a suspected inatoral is exposed to nascent Inydrogen = formation of hydrogen arsenide detected by chemical means ‘This testis sensive andl As can be detected as small ‘36 1/1000 mg quently 2. REINSCH'S TEST ri dinince re least este tat Het 12.8.2 nommal bedy constituent "No, but recent studies nave shown that an adult ody may contain about O 1 mg of arsemve as 's presenti certain ishes tke ‘Sok ‘shel fat and vegetables ike cauliower, eaboge spinach, briny, animal food Ike beet, goat Nash 0 chicken (84 mglkg} Does As disappears by putrefaction No rather, delays putrefaction {ce Paper cated win 30.60 mga wees nde -wed okt ‘Aatuten conning 20% aso bona # ri seep ground sua a oer "ty panes rough ont } | | | |4 Lesa carbone ite lea) -ussdn pants 2 Lead teraoue (edlead = snoo-o ermbon Lead mononde - gaz of pty 4 Leao supe eurma 5 Load acetate used hale ds 5 Lepr ocate- used at aberttanent (causes cansincton er utes 7 Teta ead -use0wi pool 107 elicieney Pscringis common in nen 10/3/2014 ACUTE POISONING Fatal dose 20-30 gn) Fatal pariod 1-2 days + Symptoms startin ¥4 he Weeki intake shouis nat exceed 3 mg Daily urinary excretion should nol exceed 80 mg, Mote than this is abnormal Mose of avon: " Folowng abeopion laxd i$ stored i tines 35 phosshale an + isaraun fo ese areas of skeleton whch ae going api ig HH rasan of vrs dara ead hich an Be seen on ray + jKocmores wit sur enayme nd hinders * | ssereinse ‘80 dmTUre re ell ae reteset in ‘hesise to bavoohiie sipping + GBS cases cadena and ojoote ot aang ++ Thistminpain bomen + Dry test coalediongue wh often ocbUin sath Bntaaacr conection + Stel isack mest ad fers “+ H.5s noma foxes niles be 00 ‘mbes and fomsieaa ipa whch ac) + Lecsotioaecn se + Seentutne reatmen emis Storiaeh wats wth 20% Mog, Suipate alr (he fos insoluble Pb surat) Derruisenc (Chetoing agents EDTA Penvcilammne 1¥ Cateiam orionte tv WD & MLC mth erat P.M findings:- + Red & inflamed GIT + Blue tine over gum + Large inlestine with black stoot + Liver & Kidney hard and contracted + Hear enlarged + Kidney shows tubuiar degenerationChie! features in chronic poisoning A Anaemia with Basapnic sipping B- Blue ine Cole 1 wnst foot Drop E- Encephalivs che Loe oA 2 COLIC Line Enceph. Anaemic drop wrist, ‘CHRONIC LEAD POISONING (PLUMEISH OF SATURNISI a eng ued or wars. tom Cavuansed ps oe we 2 Compete es 2 aan cme casi onc sympuamsFaca palo (aroa oh) onair igi yt cepa Sis teste ty motorman lead ape es Tiree wh eeu a em Peace {Ratna apne ong ator Bg oo ‘netfee seas ony a asesed gus ead nates neat gu oss ON CNS: Lend palsy: wrist kop, aot cop Leas eneeDhalopany comeusions, amor of tongue ‘ane fingers on evs: Anaemia asophilic sipping (due ta toxic acon of Pb on ‘on proghiynn metabolism) Punctate basonhilia - Reticulosis = [platelets ane polymorphs 1 BP and nephis 4.Arthaigla 5.Gyn & Obst, essruniceureances Diagnosis - ‘Urinary Po esbmaion| 02 mate seatean In cidran on ay rao ops bo ‘melapnyis ong bance sR L018 aovens gro © rg ora |Whatis Basophile stipping In ead poisoning the red cells wil show a dark biue pin head spots in cytoplasm, This is due to interference of incorporation of ion into protoporphyrin 10/31/2014 MLL Impression Chronic poisoning -acccsental Pb used as abortlacient ‘Acute poisoning rare Pb poisoning is regarded as industrial occupational disease COPPER etn Ta BAIT — Sas are poisonous 690 CUS, lowed as | rattoase 30 1 | eiaipaned 1-3 cays Cage SO, (ue win 2 eytairs Be elar Sal Toma doses 0 gmt workses ene (Copper subaceate of vera 8 bush goon sal Termes econ of vegescbc acd on oop ching ‘esedts, Ths acca plsonen commen ermotone Causes of death 1 Sudden colapse i dose ss very high 2 Paralysis of vanous groups of muscles 1 Aaule haemolysis 4 Spasm of gots results in asphyniaeaten 10m pot Froyonte wach cap Denulcon ee we Noracanutne of 8 ‘Stoic cneeknsenayi ard meters IPM. appearance Chronic cases usualy occurs in industry worker Corsi henaache Fecurenicckoy pain Une geen cour Chronic capper polsering contibutes to Wilson's cisease because of deficiency of eerulaplasnin to whicn 70% of normal copper of body is Bound Causes of death ‘Secor infection due sesitanes NL importence fen as they gel sttracied by ts | Suicidal - easy avalabilty Rarely homicidal - because os blue ‘obur and mai taste ae MECHANICAL IRRITANT POISON They act only mechanically by injuring ailmentary tract They include powdered glass, pins, needles Signs 8 sympioms Pa in thrast Vari blood stained Stools ato blood stained Diagnosis - by X-ray (glass pleces contain stay “Treatment Bly food - bananas symptomatic 12014