HYPHAE SPORES

Tubular, hard wall of chitin A specialized structure for survival purposes

Cross walls may form compartments Has high resistance to destruction thus promotes
Multinucleate their survival and disposal
Grow at tips May result from sexual reproduction (plasmogamy,
karyogamy, meiosis) or asexual reproduction (mitosis)

Septate Aseptate/ coenocytic SEXUAL SPORES ASEXUAL SPORES

has cross walls for appears multinucleated; plasmogamy, karyogamy, Mitosis
compartments/segments absence of cross walls meiosis SC
cross wall or septum BAZ: o Sporangiospore
separates one cell from o Conidia (Mitospore)
o Basidiospores
another Chlamydospore/
o Ascospores Chlamydoconidia
o Zygospores Arthroconidia/
arthrospore
Phialospore/
Phialoconidia
MODIFICATION OF HYPHAE
Haustoria: produced if organism needs water
Ex. Mycorrhiza - extend hyphal walls to penetrate plant cells
so fungus can feed on plant cells, but in turn give food to
plants in the form of carbon
Hyphae adapted for trapping and killing prey
Ex. Hookworm Filariform larvae
 SEXUAL SPORES ASEXUAL SPORES
Basidiospores Ascospores Zygospores Sporangiospore Conidia (mitospore)
4 meiospores on surface of club- 4-8 meiospores are contained in a Large thick-walled spore, largest Mitotic spores produced within an Results from transformation of
shaped basidium sac (ascus) candy enclosed sporangium which is vegetative yeast or hyphal cell
lollipop often supported by Formed on specialized hyphae
sporangiophore called conidiophore
(transformed hyphae)
Stalk-sporangiophore (looks like
basidiophores)
Sporangium- container of
sporangiospores
TYPES OF CONIDIA
Arthroconidia/ arthospore
o from fragmentation of hyphal cell
o E.g: Coccidiodes immit
Blastoconidia/ blastospores
o formed through budding
o E.g: Cladosporium;
Candida also shows this type aside
from chlamydoconidia
Chlamydospore/ chlamydoconidia Phialospore/ phialoconidia
o intercalary hyphal or terminal hyphal cell o Produced from a vase-like
o E.g: Candida conidiogenous cells termed as phialide
o Ex: Aspergillus, Penicillium
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

I. MORPHOLOGY
YEAST MOLDS
o single celled fungi; budding o multicellular; filamentous hyphae; aerial mycelium
o Adapted to liquids, Plant saps, Water films, Moist animal tissues o Rapidly grow,
o Ex: candida (always yeast form), Cryptococcus (always mold form), o Asexual spores
Coccidioides o Benefits/ destructive effects: Food spoilage; Food production; Antibiotics
Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Histoplasma o Ex: D ermatophytes , Z ygomycetes, A spergillus, P enicillium
II. COLONY
Monomorphic Diomrphic
Cryptococcus: always yeast form form depends on temperature
Candida: always yeast-like; produce hyphae mold at room temperature
Aspergillus: always in mold form yeast at body temperature

III. TYPES OF SEPTA: hyphal crosswalls

Aseptate/ coenocytic Septate: majority of fungi Hyaline Dematiaeceous
Zygomycetes Dermatophytes (Trichophyton) Colorless Brown-black septa
Rhizopus Hypomycetes Agent of squamous mycoses
Mucor
Phaeohyphomycetes
Ulocladiumspp,
Alternaria
Phialophorarichardsiae
IV. TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
Perfect fungi Imperfect fungi
Capable of sexual reproduction; teleomorph Lacks sexual reproduction; anamorph
Sexual spores(egascospores) Conidia/mitospores/ chlamydospores

TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Zygomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes
Both sexual (zygospore) and asexual Sac fungi Club fungi Imperfect fungi
(sporangia) Sexual: sac ascus Sexual: basidiospores No sexual state
Hyphae: sparsely septate/aseptate Asexual: conidia Hyphae: complex; septate
Genera: rhizopus, mucor, absidia Hyphae: septate Genera: mushroom, Cryptococcus
Genera: neoformans
Ajellomyces
Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Arthroderma
Microsporon
Trichophyton
Saccharomyces
Yeast