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Cultura Documentos
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Computer Science & Engineering
Submitted by
Mona lamba
Reg. No.-09RITS1132
Roll No.-14M1A11
For developing to 4G mobile communications, the need to evolve the systems towards
giving support to a broader range of telecommunication uses, including multimedia
service, is increasingly obtaining significance. Consequently, ITU prolongs 4G technique
as IMT-Advanced, and exhibits high network convergence, data rate, ubiquitous and
continuous link as features. Successively, mobile operators now face the issue of
preserving these increasingly complex networks constitute of many Radio Access
Technologies (RATs), different cell types and subscribers with a variety of QoS
requirements. The earning of the mobile operators is, usually, degrading simultaneously.
Therefore, it is important that combining and operating novel and usable network nodes
require minimal manual efforts to control OPEX. Therefore, considerable industry
momentum has construct currently to set up Self-Organizing Network (SON)
characteristics that can manage mobile network deployment, operation and management.
Within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)
standardization, SON was among the early system requirements; SON characteristics were
included in the first 3GPP LTE Release..
3GPP is an organization for standardizing LTE which is known as 3.9th generation with
GSM, HSDPA, WCDMA hired by new 89% of mobile communication users. It has been
execute the standardization of LTE-Advanced for satisfying the system requirement of
IMT-Advanced by complement of LTE technology. Though it is complex to expect that
LTE-Advanced is more developed in epochal technology in comparation of LTE, it is
recommended to be improved in the area of broadband support, network cooperative
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Thontadharya, H.J. and Devaraju et al. [29]: Here author provides wireless
transmission of data using a variety of transmission mode, from stationary point-to-
multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. The technology is IEEE
802.16 and also called Broadband Wireless Access. This officially called Wireless
MAN in it has been commercialized under the name WiMAX by the industry alliance
called the WiMAX. Their mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility
and interoperability of broadband wireless. A WiMAX is bridge between short
distance communications and long distance communications and works. There other
technologies and protocols to extend the last mile support in data communication.
A research (Ghosh et al. 2008) explains the IEEE 802.16 standard for stable WiMAX
802.16d. This standard is also named as 802.16-2004, which gives high data rate over a
large portion by reusing frequency. Moreover, this study examines only the throughput
and does not determine delay, jitter, latency and packet loss. Another research (Fong et al.
For More info Https://ThesisScientist.com
2004) shows an overview of different features of Broadband Wireless Access to support a
fastly growing network. This research integrate the scalability with WiMAX standards
such as IEEE 802.16 and a hierarchical Local Mobile
Klund et al. (2008) mentioned the history of WiMAX standards and its benefits such as
MAC of IEEE 802.16, which support various transport technologies involving Internet
Protocol release IPv4, IPv6, Ethernet and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). The
WiMAX 802.16e helps power preserving and sleep modes to enlarge the battery life of
mobile devices and it also supports hard and soft handoffs to give users with seamless
joints. Another research (Hoymann 2008) states four different Physical (PHY) layers but
determines only the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) layer. A summary
of the OFDM based transmission mode of the WiMAX IEEE 802.16 standard is
represented. The MAC and PHY layer are mentioned in detail. The MAC layer
configurations with various levels of robustness are also analyzed.
A research (Sayenko et al. 2009) gives the estimation for WiMAX MAC header overhead
to reserve enough amounts of slots for the constant-rate uses. This research shows many
simulation scenarios to demonstrate how the scheduling answer allocates resources in
different cases. The scheduling answer was relied on the round-robin scheduling. The
simulation scenarios execute in ns-2. It could be more appropriate if the study could give
comparative results compare with other wireless technologies MAC header overhead to
integrate value to the results.
Jain et al. (2009) suggest a multi-channel Carrier Sense Multiple Excess (CSMA) with
collision avoidance scheme. This research evaluates the performance of receiver based
channel choice, comparing with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
using ns-2 simulator. Moreover, at a given time, one packet can be sent only on any
channel, but many packets can be received at different channels at the same time.
A research (Chatterjee et al. 2007) utilize Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic
Repeat Request (ARQ) to support streaming services and examining the problem of real
time streaming media over WiMAX and exploited the flexibility characteristics in
MAC layer of 802.16a standard. The authors suggest the size of MAC packet data units
to create adaptive to the instantaneous wireless channel situation.
Mohd Nazri Performance This thesis deals with VOIP over VPN
Ismail et al Evaluation of implementation between open source application
Audio Codecs and hardware device in campus environment. In
using VoIP Traffic this, the evaluation of performance of CPU
in Wireless LAN Utilization, Jitter, Delay, Memory Usage and
using RSVP MOS(mean opinion score).
[2013]
Rahul Singh et A Review Thesis: This thesis deals with VOIP to a level that allows
al Voice over Internet discussion of security purposes and concerns. In
Protocol [2014] this, VOIP components will include network
components, gateway, end user equipment, call
processors and two of common architectures.
Fourty et al. (2010) determined and classified wireless networks. This study proposed that
WiMAX made the possibility to get a connectivity of the identical type as the rented lines
used by networks operators for the Internet or telephony transmission T1 (for American
suppliers) or E1 (for European suppliers).
In their specific researches in (Salah, 2009) and (Yanfeng & Aiqun, 2006), the authors
prove that it is important that the abilities of a network to support VoIP applications be
determined prior to its arrangements with such network. According to them, the networks
readiness to support installment with VoIP system could be inquied by usage of network
modeling and simulation approaches, measuring for voice packet end-to-end delay, voice
packet delay variation, throughput and voice jitter after inserting real time (VoIP) traffic
into the network. The authors argument if adhered to, will aid in solving a high deal of
problem as it will preserve both time and resources instead of just installing real-time
applications such as VoIP with just any wireless access scheme without prior inquiry of
whether such network has any real-time use support capabilities or not. With reference to
Halepovic, Ghaderi & Williamson, (2009), VoIP system has become greatly famous more
than ever even as WiMAX Networks are been install in many countries across the globe.
Hence, many researchers in current years as well as recently have points extensively on
different characterstics of VoIP services over WiMAX networks, all focused on inquiring
and identifying network add-on performance standard that will increase the quality of
service delivery of VoIP system over WiMAX networks.