DECLARATION 6.

1 introduction
Chpater present work

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge
and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of
the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been
made in the text.

Signature Signature

Name- Shubhendu Upadhayay Name-Sunandan Choubey

Roll No.1303031205 Roll No.1303031212

Date- Date-

Signature Signature

Name-Shubham Singh Name-Saurabh Maurya

Roll No.1303031202 Roll No.1303031182

Date- Date-

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled Model Order Reduction of Two Area Power
System which is submitted by Shubhendu Upadhayay, Sunandan Choubey, Shubham
Singh and Saurabh Maurya in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.
Tech. in Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering of Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
Technical University, is a record of the candidates own work carried out by them under my
supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree.

Date: Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank our teachers and friends who helped us throughout the project.
First and foremost we would like to thank our guide for the project Dr. Praveen Malik
(Professor, EC Department) for her valuable advice and time during development of project.
We would also like to thank Dr. V.K. Gupta (HOD, EC Department) for his constant support
during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all
faculty members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.

Signature Signature

Name- Shubhendu Upadhayay Name-Sunandan Choubey

Roll No.1303031205 Roll No.1303031212

Date- Date-

Signature Signature

Name-Shubham Singh Name-Saurabh Maurya

Roll No.1303031202 Roll No.1303031182

Date- Date-

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 ABSTRACT

Model Order Reduction (MOR) is a branch of systems and control theory , which studies
properties of dynamical systems in application for reducing their complexity , while
preserving (to the possible extent) their input-output behavior. In this project an attempt is
made to introduce model order reduction techniques. It is evident that there is no
universal method for model order reduction and therefore it is important to establish
guidelines to provide a systematic approach in building mathematical approximated
models . This Project Report emphasizes on the importance , advantages and application of
MOR in the world of control systems . Polynomial reduction methods are one of the
important groups of the reduction techniques . The frequency domain model-reduction
techniques that are mainly based on polynomial manipulations are Pade-type
approximations, Continued fraction expansion methods , model order reduction using Routh
Hurwitz Criterion , model reduction algorithms using stability equations , mixed methods of
approximations and energy based approximation methods.
A two area Power System model has been considered for the application purpose. Original model
is of the order of 9. To reduce the complexity of the system Routh Approximation Technique is
applied on the model under consideration. A reduced model of order 3 is obtained. To validate
the reduced model, dynamic response of original and reduced order model is compared. The
result shows that reduced 3rd order model is a good approximation of original model, which
shows that the original model can be replaced by the model obtained in this project. The
complexity is reduced to a great extent. MIMO models are also reduced successfully using Routh
Approximation Method. Based on this technique one can evaluate a reduced order model of high
order system by using some alpha beta expansions . The great advantage of this method is that
the system (reduced) is stable for stable original system. The Routh frequency-domain reduction
(approximation) method, coupled with powerful dominant pole-selection criteria, is introduced
for the purpose of application to high-degree transfer functions of multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO) linear time-invariant systems to obtain corresponding adequate reduced-order models.
The proposed method has been applied successfully to a 9th-order matrix transfer function of a
multi-input multi-output time-invariant linear model of a practical power system.
After comparing the results , it has been deduced that Routh Approximation Method works
very effectively in this area. Basically continued fraction expansion technique and Routh
Approximation Method is studied and applied on the power system models and
satisfactory results have been obtained with the reduced models. Programming in
MATLAB have been developed to reduce the model order . This minimizes the
computational efforts and complexity of the problem.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATE... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... iv
ABSTRACT... v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER 1 Introduction.. 1
CHAPTER 2 Complex Systems. 4
2.1 Problem Associated With Complex 6
System. 8
2.2 Reduction Of Complex 13
Model 16
2.3 Model reduction 17
cases 17
CHAPTER 3 Model Order Reduction Technique ................................................. 18
3.1 Model Reduction Techniques for Continuous-Time systems.......... 18
3.2 Higher Order Discrete Time System Reduction Methods 20
3.3 Brief Description Of Various Techniques 20
3.3.1 Balancing and 23
truncation. 28
3.3.2 Krylov subspace methods 29
3.3.4 Pade Approximation Method.. 30
3.3.5 Routh Approximation Method.................... 32
CHAPTER 4 Model Under Consideration. 39
4.1 Turbine model.. 39
4.2 Generator Load Model. 45
4.3 Two area load frequency control.. 46
CHAPTER 5 Original model under consideration. 48
5.1 Programming of the model in MATLAB. 49
5.2 Reduced model.

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 5.3 Validation of reduced order..
CHAPTER 6 Result and Conclusions....
REFERENCES...
List of Figures Page

Figure 1. The configuration of SVC 14

Figure 2. Two stage steam Turbine 29
Figure 3. Turbine transfer function model 29
Figure 4. Block diagram of representation of generator-load model 31
Figure 5. Two interconnected load areas 32
Figure 6. Block diagram of an isolated area 34
Figure 7. Composite block diagram of two-area load frequency control 35
Figure 8. State space model of two-area system 35
Figure 9. Graphical validation of reduced order 47