Made in China?

Laccaria amethystina and ectomycorrhizal

continental species complexes

Francisco LASO
Erasmus Mundus Masters Programme in
Evolutionary Biology

Supervisors:
Pr. Marc-Andre SELOSSE
& Dr. Lucie VINCENOT
 Ecologically, economically
important, phylogeography
remains understudied
Intercontinental species in
microbes : Everything is
everywhere - null hypothesis
or fact ?
The continental ECM
species are based on
morphology
Laccaria amethystina as a
model
!
339 samples 7 neutral
microsatellite
12 pops loci

Nuclear
19-35 fruit-
rDNA ITS
bodies/pop
sequence
n=118

n=153 n=68
 Main results
1) 3 gene pools

2) Genetic difference does not

solely account for geographical
distance.
Microsatellites:
Low inbreeding
within regions Fis = 0.28
and overall
(<44%)

Fis = 0.28 Fis = 0.01

Private alleles Shared alleles
10

4 6
Shared alleles

13 12
9

2
 Correspondence factorial analysis

Three distinct gene pools

GENETIX 4.05.2
 Genetic structure over Eurasia
! (a)$

K=3

(b)$

K=4

Europe China Japan

Three distinct gene pools

STRUCTURE 2.3.3
 7,880km 3,980 km
Fst = 0.52 Fst = 0.49

8,770km
Fst = 0.52
 Inter-regional Mantel tests

P = 0.001

P = 0.0095

Three distinct gene pools

GENEPOP 4.0.1
Microscopic
differences

Distinct outgrowths in
Chinese population as
compared to Europe
(at least).
 3 species?
Low marker portability in preliminary tests
High Fst values between regions
CFA and STRUCTURE results consistent
No pattern suggesting gene flow between
regions
Different microscopic features
 0.99

China
0.70
Phylogeny
Japan
0.83
1.00

0.99
L. bicolor

0.83

Europe

L. amethystina

ITS Maximum Likelihood using PhyML Outgroup

!
!
 Future work

Sequencing NAR and 6GPD gene

Higher resolution sampling in Eurasia
Sampling in North America
Include Laccaria bicolor?
 Acknowledgements
Pf. Marc-Andre Selosse, Dr. Lucie Vincenot, Mathieu Sauve,
Flavius Popa (Marburg University), and the rest of lab!
Questions?
GENEPOP 4.0.10 with 10 000 permutations
GENEPOP 4.0.10 with 10 000 permutations
AMOVA (10,000 permutations) implemented in GeneAlEx 6.41
 China-Europe Europe-Japan

China-Japan
 Genetix 4.05.2 results

GENETIX 4.05.2
 ! (a)$

K=3

(b)$

K=4

Europe China Japan

STRUCTURE 2.3.3
GENELAND