Animal Farm Revision Booklet

Chapter 1
Major, a prize-winning boar, tells the other animals on

Manor Farm about a dream he has had, in which animals live free from
human slavery
Plot summary taken from York Notes

Majors speech inspires the animals to rebel against
mankind and create their own society based on Majors ideas of equality
and freedom.
Chapters 4
2 and 5
3
TheJones,
Mr animals
thetry
farmer,
to spread
is driven
the revolutionary
out of the farm.
ideas
Mrs
of Jones
flees too,
Animal Farm
followed
across
bythe
thecountryside
raven Moses.
Two farm
The neighbouring
is renamed
farmers,
AnimalMrFarm.
Frederick and Mr
Pilkington, are frightened that the revolution will spread to their own farms.
They help Mr Jones to attack Animal Farm.
The Seven Commandments are written on the barn wall

by Snowball as a permanent reminder of the new farm rules.
Snowball leads the animals to victory in the Battle of
Cowshed.
The animals discover that the pigs have taken the milk
and apples for themselves.
Mollie vanishes from the farm.
Chapters 6 and 7 The animals work hard to get the harvest in and do a
better job than MrThe
Jones
conflict
ever between
did. Napoleon and Snowball increases.
The animals
After
Snowball work the
he disagrees
teaches harder than
withrest
Napoleonever
of the before.
animals
about the
to read
building
andof the
write.
windmill, Snowball is attacked by the Napoleons dogs and driven from the
farm.
Chapters 8 and 9
The pigs continue to alter the Commandments on the wall

to justify their actions.
Chapters 10
The animals work harder than they did under Mr Jones
The farm is richer than ever but the animals also work
harder than ever.
Clover sees the pigs walking on their hind legs and
Characters
http://swinomatka.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/5.jpg
Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution
Animal Farm is an allegory of Russian history.
Look at the similarities between the Russian
Revolution and Animal Farm below:
Events in the Russian Revolution Events on Animal Farm
The Communist Party under the Under the leadership of Major, the
leadership of Lenin rose and took power, animals revolt against Jones and drive
seizing control of the empire and him from the farm.
executing the Romanovs (the Tsars
family)
Communism was strongly influenced by Animalism is founded on Majors ideas
the idea that life could be explained in in chapter 1. These ideas echo many of
economic and social terms. It is based Marxs theories.
on the belief that the rich capitalist class
exploited the proletariat and this
situation could only be reversed by the
revolution.
After the Revolution, Trotsky and Lennin The pigs attempt to create Majors ideal
established a Communist society in the society and change the farms name
Soviet Union (as it was then called). All from Manor Farm to Animal Farm to
property, wealth and work was meant to reflect this new beginning.
be divided equally between all
individuals.
Forces loyal to the Tsar, helped by Jones and his men attempt to recapture
countries abroad (who did not want the farm in the Battle of the Cowshed.
Communism to spread throughout Snowballs clever tactics mean that the
Europe) invaded Russia. Trotskys animals win.
brilliant command of the Red Army
meant that the Bolsheviks stayed in
power.
After Lenins death, a struggle for power Napoleon and Snowball disagree on
took place between Trotsky and Stalin. virtually every issue. At a meeting in the
Trotsky, although favoured by Lenin, barn, Napoleon drives Snowball from
was beaten by Stalin who then tried to the farm. Napoleon and Squealer later
eliminate all trace of him. Trotsky was tells the animals that Snowball is an
forced to leave the Soviet Union. He enemy of Animalism. Napoleon claims
was sentenced to permanent exile in Snowballs idea for the windmill as his
1929. own and Snowballs actions during the
Battle of the Cowshed are completely
distorted.
Stalin insisted that all farms should be Napoleon instructs the hens to sell their
collectivised (come under state control). eggs, but they smash them rather than
These large collective farms had to give let him sell them, in the same way that
their produce to the government, which the peasants opposed collectivism. The
was opposed by the peasants. He also animals work hard to build a windmill on
tried to modernise Soviet industry the farm. Napoleon shows Whymper
through his Five-Year-Plans the the apparently full grain stores (which
success of which he then exaggerated. are mainly filled with sand)
The Soviet Union endured several The animals suffer increasingly from
famines as the result of Stalins hunger after Napoleon comes to power,
economic policies. It is thought that 5 while the pigs are well fed.
million people starved to death between
1932 and 1934.
Stalins power increased so that he had Napoleon uses a combination of terror
complete control over the Soviet Union. and propaganda to become a dictator.
Stalin created a cult of personality Squealer is crucial in convincing the
around him. Russians were told that he animals that Napoleon has only their
was the wisest man in the world. best interests at heart. A portrait of
Pictures of him were displayed in Napoleon is painted on the barn wall.
schools and factories. He used Songs, poems and speeches praising
propaganda to convince the Russian life on the farm are written.
people that only he could protect them.
Stalin used the murder of a potential Napoleon uses Snowballs alleged
rival, Kirov, in 1934 as an excuse to destruction of the windmill to get rid of
eliminate anyone who he thought was a the four porkers who protested against
threat to him. Between 1934 and 1938, the abolition of the Sunday debates and
7 million people disappeared, many of the hens who led the egg rebellion.
them ordinary Russians. Most were They confess publicly to ridiculous
executed or sent to gulags (slave labour crimes before being slaughtered. Even
camps). The most important victims Boxer, having defended himself against
were given show trials and made to one of the dogs, is later eliminated
confess publicly to non-existent crimes, once he has served his purpose.
often to save their families from
punishment.
In an effort to protect the Soviet Union Napoleon has dealings with both
from attack, Stalin negotiated with both Freerick and Pilkington over selling the
Britain and Hitlers Germany. His treaty timber and is finally tricked by Frederick
with Germany was seen as worthless who pays in forged notes. The animals
when Germany invaded the Soviet defeat Fredericks men in the Battle of
Union in 1941. The Germans were later the Windmill but it is a hard and painful
defeated at the Battle of Stalingrad, but struggle.
not before Russia suffered heavy
casualties.
At the Tehran Conference in 1949, the The pigs and farmers have dinner
Soviet Union, Britain and the United together but their friendship is destroyed
States of America claimed to be allies. A when both sides are discovered to have
few years later, the Cold War began, cheated at cards.
which placed the Soviet Union against
the wartime allies.
Whos who in Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution?
Mr Jones Czar Nicholas II
Old Major Karl Marx
Snowball Leon Trotsky

Joseph Stalin
Napoleon
English Literature Section A: Animal Farm
Question 1a Character 10 mins / 8 marks

Question 1b Language 12 mins / 10 marks
Question 1c Theme within the extract 12 mins 10 marks
Question 1d Theme across the novel 14 mins - 12 marks
Character
Ban Mar Criteria
d k
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-3 Generally sound or sound understanding of the character
Uses relevant evidence from the extract to demonstrate
knowledge about the character
2 4-5 Thorough understanding of the character
Uses a good range of evidence from the extract to
demonstrate knowledge about the character
3 6-8 Perceptive understanding of the character
Uses a variety of discriminating evidence from the extract
to demonstrate knowledge about the character
Language
Ban Mar Criteria
d k
1 1-2 Generally sound reference to how the writer achieves
effects
Generally sound understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are generally sound and
mostly relevant
2 3-4 Sound reference to how the writer achieves effects
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural
and presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are sound and mostly relevant
3 5-6 Sustained reference to how the writer achieves effects
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Sustained use of relevant examples from the extract
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to how the writer achieves effects
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Assured use of relevant examples from the extract
5 9-10 Convincing reference to how the writer achieves effects
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Perceptive use of relevant examples from the extract
Theme within the extract

Ban Mar Criteria
d k
1 1-2 Mostly sound reference to extract mostly supported by
relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows
generally sound understanding
2 3-4 Sound reference to extract supported by relevant textual
reference
sound understanding
3 5-6 Sustained reference to extract supported by relevant
textual reference
thorough understanding
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to extract supported by relevant
textual reference
assured understanding
5 9-10 Convincing reference to extract supported by sustained
relevant textual reference
perceptive understanding
Theme across the novel

Ban Mar Criteria
d k
1 1-2 Mostly uses relevant examples from the text to
demonstrate knowledge about theme / character
Generally sound understanding of the linguistic,
grammatical, structural and presentational features of
language
Generally sound selection of textual detail to support
interpretation
2 3-5 Consistently uses relevant examples from the text to
demonstrate knowledge about theme/character
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural
and presentational features of language
Sound selection of textual detail to support interpretation
3 6-7 Sustained use of relevant examples from the text to
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Thorough selection of textual detail to support
interpretation
4 8-10 Assured use of relevant examples from the text to
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Pertinent selection of textual detail to support
interpretation
5 11- Perceptive use of relevant examples from the text to
12 demonstrate knowledge about theme/character
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
Convincing selection of textual detail to support
interpretation
Character revision
What can you remember about the following characters and their involvement in
the novel? What can you remember about their relationships with other
characters as well?
Before we start practising our responses to questions on character, we need to
determine what constitutes a good response. The examiner basically wants to
see that you can do three things
Identify what you have learnt about the characters actions / thoughts /
feelings in the set scene (POINT)
Quotations from the text to demonstrate the characters actions /
thoughts / feelings (EVIDENCE)
Your explanation to show that you have understood the text and the
characters actions / thoughts / feelings (EXPLANATION)
Look at the following response to a question about the character of Boxer

What do we learn about Boxer from this response?
Boxer is a popular and well-respected character

Boxer is taken to the slaughter house
Boxer is dear to them and the idea of his death terrifies them
Boxer has a determined personality
The other animals admire him
Boxer has great strength
The candidate has constructed a response that tells the examiner 6 things they
have learnt about Boxer in this section of the scene. Trying to get across as
much as you can about what you have learnt about a character is essential!
In addition, the candidate has used the following quotes:
Get out, Boxer! Get out!

cry of horror
He was trying to kick his way out.
But alas! His strength had left him.
A few kicks from Boxers hooves would have smashed the van to
matchwood.
The candidate has used 5 quotations from the extract to support the points he /
she is making about the character of Boxer in this part of the novel.
As a result of being able to say 6 different things about the character and using
5 quotations, the candidate is able to show a thorough understanding of the
character and a sustained reference to the text. The examiner gave this
candidate a 7/8.
Extract 1
Now have a look at the following response:

How many points has this candidate made about the character of Boxer?
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
What mark out of 8 would you give this response? Why?
Extract 2:
Now have a look at this response:

How many points has this candidate made about the character of Boxer?
Now lets start to practise responding to character based questions. Here is our
first practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.
In past years Mr Jones, although a hard master had been a capable
farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days. He had become much
disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit, and had taken to
drinking more than was good for him. For whole days at a time he
would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen, reading the
newspapers, drinking and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of
bread soaked in beer. His men were idle and dishonest, the fields
were full of weeds, the buildings wanted roofing, the hedges were
neglected, and the animals were underfed.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On
Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr Jones went into
Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back
till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the early
morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr Jones got back he immediately went to sleep
on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they
could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the
store-shed with her horns and all the animals began to help
themselves from the bins. It was just then that Mr Jones woke up.
The next morning he and his four men were in the store-shed with
whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than
the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon
their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves
being butted and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of
their control. They had never seen animals behave like this before,
and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to
thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost
out of their wits.
Here is the associated question:
From the extract, what do you discover about the character of Mr Jones?
Use evidence from the extract to support your answer.
Here are some of the points the examiners expect you to make:
A hard but capable farmer

He has fallen on evil days
disheartened after losing money
Drinking more due to the loss of money
Lazy for whole days at a time he would lounge
Inconsistent in his attitude to animals seen in how he occasionally and
inappropriately feeds his pet Moses, but allows the farm animals to be
underfed
He is not a good manager as he is cheated by his men, who are idle and
dishonest
He is a poor supervisor of the animals: shown by his visit into Willingdon,
staying out overnight and sleeping on the sofa the next day, without
checking that the animals had been fed
Poor control of temper and is cruel whipslashing out
Frightened by the animals behaviour
Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, complete the

response I have started below:
Orwell presents the character of Mr Jones as a hard but capable farmer which
suggests that although he ran the farm quite strictly, his strict approach paid off
as his skills in farming were good and his farm was a success.
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Ban Mar Criteria

d k
The first thing you have done well is
The second thing you have done well is
To improve you need to
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Extract 2 taken from Chapter 8
As his last act upon earth, Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a

solemn decree: the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death.
By the evening, however, Napoleon appeared to be some-what

better, and the following morning Squealer was able to tell them that
he was well on the way to recovery. By the evening of that day
Napoleon was back at work, and on the next day it was learned that
he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets
on brewing and distilling. A week later Napoleon gave orders that the
small paddock beyond the orchard, which it had previously been
intended to set aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past
work, was to be ploughed up. It was given out that the pasture was
exhausted and needed re-seeding; but it soon became known that
Napoleon intended to sow it with barley.
About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly

anyone was able to understand. One night at about twelve oclock
there was a loud crash in the yard, and the animals rushed out of their
stalls. It was a moonlight night. At the foot of the end wall of the big
barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a
ladder broken in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned, was
sprawling beside it, and near at hand there lay a lantern, a paint-
brush, and an overturned pot of white paint. The dogs immediately
made a ring round Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse
as soon as he was able to walk. None of the animals could form any
idea as to what this meant, except old Benjamin, who nodded his
muzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say
nothing.
But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments
to herself, notices that there was yet another of them which the
animals had remembered wrong. They had thought that the Fifth
Commandment was No animal shall drink alcohol, but there were
two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read:
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.
From the extract, what do you discover about the character of Napoleon?
Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, respond to the

question below
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Ban Mar Criteria

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At last the day came when Snowballs plans were completed. At the
meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to
begin work on the windmill was put to the vote. When the animals
had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though,
occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his
reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon
stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was
nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat
down again, he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed
almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball
sprang to his feet, and shouting the sheep, who had begun bleating
again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until
now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies,
but in a moment Snowballs eloquence had carried them away. In
glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be
when sordid labour was lifted from the animals backs. His
imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs,
harrows, rollers and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall
with its own electric light, hot and cold water and an electric heater.
By the time he had finished speaking there was no doubt as to which
way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up
and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-
pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous
dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn.
They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place
just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of
the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to
speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.
Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He
was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him.
Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were
gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on
Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put
an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole
in the hedge and was seen no more.
Explain how the author presents the character of Snowball in this extract.

question below
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Extract 4 Chapter 5
As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that
she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although
her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run
away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand
foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there was also
rumours of something more serious. One day as Mollie strolled
blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of
hay, Clover took her aside.
Mollie, she said, I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm
from Foxwood. One of Mr Pilkingtons men was standing on the other
side of the hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost
certain I saw this he was talking to you and you were allowing him to
stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?
He didnt! I wasnt! It isnt true! cried Mollie, beginning to prance

about and paw the ground.
Mollie! Look me in the face. Do you give me your word of honour

that that man was not stroking your nose?
It isnt true! repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the
face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away
into the field.
A thought struck Clover. Without saying anything to the others she

went to Mollies stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. Hidden
under the straw was a pile of lump sugar and several bunches of
ribbons of different colours.
Explain how Orwell presents the character of Mollie in this extract.

question below
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The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing

Snowballs destruction of the windmill. But it was some minutes
before they could fully take it in. They all remembered, or thought
they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of
them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and
encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an
instant even when the pellets from Joness gun had wounded his back.
At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on
Joness side. Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled.
He lay down, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his eyes and
with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts.
I do not believe that, he said. Snowball fought bravely at the

Battle of the Cowshed. I saw him myself. Did we not give him
Animal Hero, First Class immediately afterwards?
That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written
down in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he
was trying to lure us to our doom.
But he was wounded, said Boxer. We all saw him running with
blood.
That was part of the arrangement! cried Squealer. Joness shot

only grazed him. I could show you this in his own writing, if you were
able to read it. The plot was for Snowball, at the critical moment, to
give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. And he
very nearly succeeded I will even say, comrades, he would have
succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader, Comrade
Napoleon. Do you not remember how, just at the moment when Jones
and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball suddenly turned and
fled, and many animals followed him? And do you not remember, too,
that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all
seemed lost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of
Death to Humanity! and sank his teeth in Joness leg? Surely you
remember that, comrades? exclaimed Squealer, frisking from side to
side.
Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically it seemed to

the animals that they did remember rit. At any rate, they
remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had
turned to flee. But Boxer was still a little uneasy.
I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning, he

said finally. What he has done since is different. But I believe that at
the Battle of the Cowshed he was a good comrade.
Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, announced Squealer, speaking

very slowly and firmly, has stated categorically categorically,
comrade that Snowball and Joness agent from the very beginning
yes, and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of.
Ah, that is different! said Boxer. If Comrade Napoleon says it, it

must be right.
Explain how Orwell presents the character of Boxer in the extract.

question below
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Giving an inanimate object human
a.
attributes.
b. A comparison between two things
saying something is / was something
else.
c. A word used to identify any of a class of
Language
people, places or thing.
d. A word to describe an action or mental
state.
e. A comparison between two things using
the words like or as
Language devices mix and match
f. A question that does not require an
answer
1. adverb
g. Using the same letter at the start of two
2. rhetorical question
or more words.
3. cluster of three
h. Saying the same thing more than once
4. personal pronouns
5. simile
for effect.
i. A word used to describe how an action
6. metaphor
7. onomatopoeia is completed
8. repetition j. An instruction or a command.
9. imperatives k. Words like we, you and us
10. personification l. A word that sounds like the noise it is
11. verb making.
12. alliteration m. A describing word.
13. adjective n. Three phrases or describing words
14. noun used to emphasise a point
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Before we start practising our responses to questions on language, we need to

determine what constitutes a good response. The examiner basically wants to
see that you can do three things
Identify the technique that has been used to present a character or a

situation (POINT)
Use a quotation from the text to show how this technique is used
(EVIDENCE)
Explain how the use of the technique contributes to the presentation of a
character, setting or event (EXPLANATION)
Look at the following response to the question -

What language techniques has the candidate identified within this extract?
Adjective
Metaphor x2
Repetition
Short sentences
The candidate has constructed a response that analyses the use of four different
language techniques. Knowing these techniques and being able to use the
technical terminology will really help!
in the midst of a deadly silence deadly

cry of horror
Get out quickly!
Clover forced her way to the front
the van began to gather speed
drumming of hooves
she is making about how language has been used to convey the panic in this
part of the novel.
As a result of being able to identify four language techniques and using 6

quotations which are explained and referenced back to the question of panic (so
how are language techniques used to convey the sense of panic), the candidate
is able to show an assured understanding of how language has been crafted
and demonstrates a sustained reference to the text. The examiner gave this
candidate a 10.
Extract 1

How many language techniques has the candidate commented on? What
are they?
Extract 2:

How many language techniques has the candidate commented on? What
are they?
Now lets start to practise responding to language based questions. Here is our

out of their wits.
(a) Comment on how language is used to create an impression of sympathy in

the extract.
Use examples of the writers language from the extract.
Sympathy for Mr Jones Sympathy for the animals

The narrator tells the reader that Emotive language: neglected,
Jones was once a good farmer, but underfed, thrashing, maltreating
has fallen on evil days. The use of Short sentences and the use of
strong adjectives and emotive commas build tension, panic and
language, such as disheartened help emphasise the speed in which
make the reader feel some empathy the animals rebelled
with Jones The men are portrayed as
The narrator makes the reader feel thoughtless and lazy: without
that it was not Jones fault that he bothering
had taken to drinking, but those who At last they could stand it no longer
had pursued a lawsuit against him suggests the animals have been
Feeding Moses bread soaked in patient, but are now desperate for
beer shows that he cares food. Suggested
We feel sorry for Jones as his men anthropomorphism
do not work hard enough and take Pity for the animals is evoked
advantage of him. The reader is through their lack of food,
presented with a list of jobs that desperation, breaking down the
they have not done. Use of door, eating from the bins, being
alliteration emphasises the threatened with whips and
problems: idle and dishonest, culminates with flung themselves at
fields were full their tormentors. Strong verbs and
Jonesbutted and kicked from all adjectives make the men sound
sides cruel
frightenedout of their wits Although the men are butted and
kicked, the reader may feel more
sympathy for the animals.

Orwell uses a variety of language techniques to create an impression of

sympathy in this extract. He uses strong adjectives and emotive language when
presenting the character of Mr Jones when he writes that Jones had once been
a good farmer, but has fallen on evil days. The use of the strong adjective evil
implies that Mr Jones has been corrupted somewhat and is, as a result,
removed from the farmer he once was.
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Band Mark Criteria

1 1-2 Generally sound reference to how the writer achieves effects
Generally sound understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are generally sound and mostly relevant
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and presentational
features of language
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
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nothing.
Comment on how language is used to create the relationship between the

pigs and the other animals in the extract.
Use examples of the writers language from the extract.

question below
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Comment on the effect of the language used to create suspense in the

extract.
Use evidence from the extract to support your answers.

question below
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Extract 4 Chapter 5


into the field.

Comment on the effect of the language used to present Clovers actions in

the extract.
Use evidence form the extract to support your answers.

question below
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blood.

side.




must be right.
Comment on the language used by Squealer in this extract.

question below
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Themes
Question 1c Theme within the extract
Question 1d Theme across the whole novel
Themes within Animal Farm
How do the themes to the left feature within the novel Animal Farm?
Parallels with
Soviet Union /
corruption
Power / control
Class
Education and
learning
Language and
power
Propaganda
Dishonesty and
betrayal
Ignorance
Friendship
Dreams
Theme within an extract
Before we start practising our responses to questions on a theme within an

extract, we need to determine what constitutes a good response. The examiner
wants to see that you have
Understood the theme, especially within the extract given

Given an example of the relevance of the theme within the extract
(POINT)
Used a quotation to exemplify the theme (EVIDENCE)
Explained the relevance of the quotation in demonstrating the importance
of the theme within the extract
Have a look at this exemplar:

What points does the candidate make about the theme of ignorance?
Ignorance about the knackers van BECAUSE the animals cant read
Benjamin is not ignorant about the situation
Ignorance to enhance feeling of fear and tension
Boxer ignorant to his own death makes readers feel empathy for him
The candidate has constructed a response that raises four points about the
importance of the theme of ignorance.
pushed aside
they are taking Boxer to the knackers
cry of horror
the uproar outside
his face with the white stripe down the nose appears at the window
tremendous drumming of hooves
his strength had left him
Dont take your brother to his death!
she is making about the importance of the theme of ignorance in the novel.
As a result of being able to identify four solid points about the theme of
ignorance and in using 8 quotations which are explained and referenced back to
the question of ignorance, the candidate is able to show an assured
understanding of the theme within the extract. The examiner gave this candidate
a 10.
Extract 1
What points does the candidate make about the importance of ignorance
in this response?

Extract 2:
in this response?
Now lets start to practise responding to language based questions. Here is our

out of their wits.
Explore the significance of control in the extract.
Control moves from Man to the animals

Jones has slowly lost control, whereas the animal take control quickly
Jones is portrayed as losing control of himself, lounging and becoming
idle
Jones idleness leads to loss of control and poor management of the farm:
had been a capable farmer; he had taken to drinking; he would lounge
in his Windsor chair
Jones has lost control of his men, idle and dishonest
The animals take control due to being unfed
The mens use of whips leads to a spontaneous reaction from the animals,
ending Mans control of the farm
Mans control has been lost due to their mistreatment of the animals
The mens threatening behaviour is the catalyst
There is nothing they can do to restore control
The men were used to thrashing and maltreating and are now frightened
out of their wits.

Control is a central theme in this extract as we see the control moving from man
to the animals. Previously Mr Jones had been a hard master and capable
but of late he had fallen on evil days implying that whilst he was
once a strict and capable master who had a tight grip on the farm,
recently, because of drink, he had turned into the opposite, with
Orwell presenting him as someone whose control over the animals
and the farm was loosening.
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Band Mark Criteria

1 1-2 Mostly sound reference to extract mostly supported by relevant textual
reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows generally sound
understanding
2 3-4 Sound reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows sound
understanding
3 5-6 Sustained reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows thorough
understanding
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows assured
understanding
5 9-10 Convincing reference to extract supported by sustained relevant textual
reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows perceptive
understanding
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nothing.
Explore the significance of dishonesty in the extract

question below
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Band Mark Criteria

reference
understanding
understanding
understanding
understanding
reference
understanding
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Explain the importance of the setting in this extract.

question below
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Band Mark Criteria

reference
understanding
understanding
understanding
understanding
reference
understanding
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Extract 4 Chapter 5


into the field.

Explore the theme of betrayal in the extract.

Use evidence form the extract to support your answers.

question below
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Band Mark Criteria
reference
understanding
understanding
understanding
understanding
reference
understanding
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blood.
side.




must be right.
Explore what the extract reveals about Boxers attitude towards Napoleon
and work.

question below
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Band Mark Criteria

reference
understanding
understanding
understanding
understanding
reference
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Theme across the novel
Before we start practising our responses to questions on a theme across the

novel, we need to determine what constitutes a good response. The examiner
wants to see that you
Can provide another example of the theme from within the novel cite the
chapter you are taking the example from
Given an example of the relevance of the theme (POINT)
Used a quotation to exemplify the theme (EVIDENCE)
Explained the relevance of the quotation in demonstrating the importance
of the theme
Your knowledge of the whole novel is essential for this question.
Have a look at this exemplar:

What points does the candidate make about the theme of ignorance?
Napoleon convinces the animals that the destruction of the windmill was
down to Snowball they are too ignorant to realise the windmill wasnt strong
enough
The animals ignorance enables Napoleon to build his dictatorship and have
them do continuous laborious work
Ignorance cause because of animals prejudice towards humans
The candidate has constructed a response that raises two main points about the
importance of the theme of ignorance.
The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball
could be guilty of such an action.
Out of spite, the human beings pretended not to believe that it was
Snowball who destroyed the windmill. They said it had fallen down
because the walls were too thin.
The candidate has only used 2 quotations from their chosen extract to support
the points he / she is making about the importance of the theme of ignorance in
the novel.
However, the examiner said this: The candidate has selected an appropriate
area of the novel. The response demonstrates an assured understanding of the
theme, even though there are only two examples to support ideas. The
candidate was awarded 9 out of 10.
Extract 1

in this response?
Extract 2:

in this response?
Now lets start to practise responding to theme questions. Here is our first
practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.

out of their wits.
Here was the question associated with the extract:
Explore the significance of control in the extract.
Here is the question to respond to when exploring one other part of the novel:
Explore the significance of control in one other part of the novel.
Use examples of the writers language to support your answer.
Here are some of the examiners ideas:
When the pigs take control of the farm; resulting in the farm becoming just
as bad for the animals as when Jones was in control
When the pigs assume leadership and control of Majors dream
When the pigs teach the other animals to read
When the pigs decide all questions on farm policy and a dictatorship is
introduced, controlling: food, work, education, information and the removal
of democracy
When the animals try to let animals on other farms know of their rebellion
When neighbouring farmers take action to stop their animals from taking
control
Any parts of the novel where there are changes to the Seven
Commandments
When Napoleon takes control and stands on the platform to give his
speech
Any parts of the novel when Napoleon uses terror / violence / intimidation /
slave labour
Any parts of the novel when control is seen through propaganda / tyranny /
dictatorship
Any part of the novel when Napoleon negotiates with Man.
Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, choose one of

the examples above and construct the response
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Band Mar Criteria

k
1 1-2 Mostly uses relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme / character
Generally sound understanding of the linguistic, grammatical,
Generally sound selection of textual detail to support interpretation
2 3-5 Consistently uses relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme/character
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
3 6-7 Sustained use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
Thorough selection of textual detail to support interpretation
4 8-10 Assured use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
Pertinent selection of textual detail to support interpretation
5 11- Perceptive use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
12 knowledge about theme/character
Convincing selection of textual detail to support interpretation

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nothing.
Explore the significance of dishonesty in the extract.
Explore the significance of dishonesty in one other part of the novel.

question below
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Band Mar Criteria

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Explore the significance of setting in the extract.

Explore the significance of setting in one other part of the novel.

question below
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Extract 4 Chapter 5


into the field.

Explore the significance of betrayal in the extract.
Explore the significance of betrayal in one other part of the novel.

question below
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blood.

side.




must be right.
Explore the significance of Boxers attitude towards Napoleon and work
Explore the significance of Boxers attitude towards Napoleon and work in

one other part of the novel.

question below
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_______________________________________________________________

Animal Farm Revision Booklet

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Animal Farm Revision Booklet

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Chapter 1

Major, a prize-winning boar, tells the other animals on

Plot summary taken from York Notes

The Seven Commandments are written on the barn wall

The pigs continue to alter the Commandments on the wall

Clover sees the pigs walking on their hind legs and

Whos who in Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution?

Mr Jones Czar Nicholas II

Old Major Karl Marx

Snowball Leon Trotsky

English Literature Section A: Animal Farm

Question 1a Character 10 mins / 8 marks

Theme within the extract

Theme across the novel

Look at the following response to a question about the character of Boxer

Boxer is a popular and well-respected character

Get out, Boxer! Get out!

Now have a look at the following response:

What mark out of 8 would you give this response? Why?

Now have a look at this response:

What mark out of 8 would you give this response? Why?

Here is the associated question:

Use evidence from the extract to support your answer.

A hard but capable farmer

Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, complete the

Ban Mar Criteria

The first thing you have done well is

The second thing you have done well is

To improve you need to

Extract 2 taken from Chapter 8

As his last act upon earth, Comrade Napoleon had pronounced a

By the evening, however, Napoleon appeared to be some-what

About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly

Use evidence from the extract to support your answer.

Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, respond to the

Ban Mar Criteria

The first thing you have done well is

The second thing you have done well is

To improve you need to

Extract 3 taken from Chapter 5

Here is the associated question:

Use evidence from the extract to support your answer.

Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, respond to the

Ban Mar Criteria

The second thing you have done well is

To improve you need to

He didnt! I wasnt! It isnt true! cried Mollie, beginning to prance

Mollie! Look me in the face. Do you give me your word of honour

A thought struck Clover. Without saying anything to the others she

Here is the associated question:

Explain how Orwell presents the character of Mollie in this extract.

Use evidence from the extract to support your answer.

Now using the POINT / EVIDENCE / EXPLANATION structure, respond to the

The first thing you have done well is

To improve you need to

The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing

I do not believe that, he said. Snowball fought bravely at the

That was part of the arrangement! cried Squealer. Joness shot

Now when Squealer described the scene so graphically it seemed to

I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning, he

Our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, announced Squealer, speaking

Ah, that is different! said Boxer. If Comrade Napoleon says it, it

Here is the associated question:

Explain how Orwell presents the character of Boxer in the extract.