Chapter 12 Unsaturated

Hydrocarbons

12.1
Alkenes and Alkynes

Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Have fewer hydrogen
atoms attached to the
carbon chain than
alkanes.
Are alkenes with double
bonds.
Are alkynes with triple
Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
bonds. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2
Bond Angles in Alkenes and
Alkynes
According to VSEPR theory:
Three groups in a double
bond are bonded at 120
angles.
Alkenes are flat because
the atoms in a double
bond lie in the same
plane.
The groups attached to a
triple bond are at 180
angles. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3
Naming Alkenes
The names of alkenes
Use the corresponding alkane name.
Change the ending to ene.
Alkene IUPACCommon
H2C=CH2 ethene ethylene

H2C=CHCH3 propene propylene

cyclohexene

4
Ethene (ethylene)
Ethene or ethylene
Is an alkene C2H4.
Has two carbon atoms
connected by a double bond.
Has two H atoms bonded to
each C atom.
Is flat with all the C and H
atoms in the same plane.
Is used to accelerate the
ripening of fruits.
Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5
Naming Alkynes
The names of alkynes
Use the corresponding alkane name.
Change the ending to yne.
Alkyne IUPACCommon
HCCH ethyne acetylene
HCCCH3 propyne

6
Guide to Naming Alkenes and
Alkynes

Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7
 Naming Alkenes

Write the IUPAC name for CH2=CHCH2CH3 and

CH3CH=CHCH3
STEP 1 Name the longest carbon chain
butene
STEP 2 Number the chain from the double bond
CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene
1 2 3 4
CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene

8
Comparing Names of Alkanes,
Alkenes, and Alkynes

TABLE 12.1

Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9
 Naming Alkenes with Substituents
CH3

Write the IUPAC name for CH3CHCH=CHCH3

STEP 1 Name the longest carbon chain pentene

STEP 2 Number the chain from the double bond
CH3

CH3CHCH=CHCH3 2-pentene
5 4 3 2 1

STEP 3 Give the location of each substituent

4-methyl- 2-pentene 10
 Naming Alkynes with Substituents
CH3

Write the IUPAC name for HCCCHCH3
1 2 3 4

STEP 1 Name the longest carbon chain butyne

STEP 2 Number the chain from the double bond
1-butyne
STEP 3 Give the location of each substituent
3-methyl-1-butyne

11
Learning Check

Write the IUPAC name for each of the following:

1. CH2=CHCH2CH3
2. CH3CH=CHCH3
CH3
|
3. CH3CH=CCH3

4. CH3CCCH3

12
Solution

Write the IUPAC name for each of the following:

1. CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene
2. CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene
CH3
|
3. CH3CH=CCH3 2-methyl-2-butene

4. CH3CCCH3 2-butyne

13
Learning Check
Write the structural formula each of the following:

A. 2-pentyne

B. 3-methyl-2-pentene

14
Solution
Write the structural formula for each of the following:

A. CH3CH2CCCH3 2-pentyne

CH3

B. CH3CH2C=CHCH3 3-methyl-2-pentene

15