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Base Line Data of Diversity of Family-

Carabidae in pench Tiger Reserve (East)
Maharashtra (India)
* Chitrarekha K. Deshmukh And Sanjay H. Gajbhiye
Department of Zoology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602 (M.S.)
Corresponding author: *E-mail- 1june91ckd.october@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Present study was and Panagaeinae and the species are
conducted during the year 2012 - 2014 Brachinus, Pheropsophus, Chlaenius, C.
dealing with the exploration of beetle tricolor, C. velutinus, C. bioculatus, C.
diversity from Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), scapularis, Scarites, Eudema tomentosus,
M. S. This is the first base line data created Siagona, Anthia sexguttata, and
for PTR. Beetles were collected by routine Pterostichus.
methods, later identified up to species with The Shannon Weiner
standard key characters. Carabids are diversity index of genus H=1.88 and
environmental indicators and their status Evenness (E) = 0.85 while the diversity index
affects ecological function. Twelve species of of species H=1.78 and Evenness =0.71 of
family Carabidae are reported under nine family Carabidae are found.. The Simpson
genera belonging to seven subfamilies. index of diversity for genus D =0.95and
These sub-families are Licininae, Paussinae, Simpsons reciprocal index =20 were found
Harpalinae, Scaritinae , Siagoninae, Anthiinae while Simpsons index of diversity for species
D =0.88 and Simpsons reciprocal index =
=8.33 were calculated. The high score of
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H,E and D-1 for genus and species 1979)and Butterfield ,et al., 1995) and their
indicated more diversity in the study area but community assemblages have been directly
still this survey reported seven common and related to habitat type, ground vegetation and
five rare species of carabid litter (Niemel and Spence 1994; Koivula
Though PTR is rich with 2001; Rainio and Niemel, 2003). According
wild life which provides a good habitat for to Taylor (1978) there are great variety of
beetles and the vegetation of the forest is in approaches and measurements methodologies
healthy condition but rare species occurrence in diversity study of animal and plants. The
considered that there is a need of more diversity of organisms can be explained in
attention for the conservation of habitat of terms of time and space, within and between
these beetles as they are one of the significant the species, within and between the habitats
environmental indicators which also and at genetic level. Carabids are partly
contribute in the food chain of nature. diurnal, partly nocturnal (Eisner, et al., 1977;
Dazzini, 1980; Detttner, 1985; Will, et al.,
KEY WORDS: Pench Tiger Reserve,
2000, Brandmayr, et al., 2009).
Maharashtra, Rare, Beetles, Diversity
In forest management,
INTRODUCTION
sustainability is an internationally accepted
There are more than goal. One technique by which sustainability
40,000 described species of beetles on earth is assessed is through the monitoring of
and represent about 40% of all insects and indicator species (Pearce and Venier 2006).
30% of all animals (Thiele, 1977, Lovei and The Pench Tiger Reserve (East- Maharashtra)
Sunderland, 1996, Choate, 2001). About 1, is 25th Project Tiger Reserve (PTR )in India ,
5088 species of coleopteran insects are situated to the south of Satpura hills and
known from Indian region (Kazmi, covered the area of 257.26 sq.km. PTR is
2004).Ground beetles(Coleoptera: Carabidae) known for sites and places of unique
are ancestrally ground dwelling and have biogeographical and geomorphologic region
been be used to indicate temperature and therefore it has great significance for wildlife
moisture gradients (Thiele 1977, Erwin,

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and biodiversity. This region is dominated by climate changes of this region are summer in
teak forest and southern dry deciduous mixed month of April - June, rainfall in July -
forest. It is well known that lack of October and cold season in December
identification manuals has severely hindered February with temperature ranges between
studies of the whole beetles components of 47.80C (maximum) and 3.90C (minimum).
forest diversity (Scudder, et al., 2005). PTR latitude N21064 and longitude
0
The earths biodiversity E79 28meter above mean sea level and is
is distributed in specific ecological regions. situated between North East direction of
Growing human populations and increasing Nagpur district.
exploitation of natural resources threat in Collection and identification of beetles: The
nature all over the world. Biotic and abiotic data was collected in the month of January to
factors of environment such as soil moisture, November in the year 2012-2014 from
soil type, predation moisture have greater various habitats viz. 1) Shrubs and grasses
impact on population of carabid beetles( 2)Moist and debris area 3) Stone rocks. In
Rahim, 2013) .Carabids are useful model order to collect the beetles from said habitats,
organisms and possibly indicators because a wide variety of collecting and trapping
they are diverse, taxonomically as well as methods were used such as hand picking,
ecologically (Avgin, 2010, Koivula, 2011) insect net, pit fall and light traps. Carbides
while PTR is relatively untouched area for the preserved in 70% alcohol and photographs
study of diversity of beetles therefore the were taken. The identification done by
present topic is selected for study. available keys(Andrews,1920,1929,Peck and
MATERIALS AND METHODS Thomas,1998,Larochelle and
Study area: The study area was selected in Larivieri,2007,Liu,2011,Hegde,2012,
the Pench Tiger Reserve (East- Maharashtra) Fedrenko,2013,Kushwaha,2015).
nearby villages Pipriya, Sillari, Salama and Data Analysis: The collected data of each
having very diverse type of flora and fauna sub familys genus, species were recorded.
(fig. no. 1). The data has been collected and The data were analyzed statistically for
examined outside of the buffer zone. The Simpson diversity index ,Shannon Wiener

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diversity index (H) and Pielou evenness (E) ( Figure.1: Image showing the map of study
Simpson ,1049,Shannon and Weiner , 1949., area PTR
Pielou, 1966).
OBSERVATIONS ON SYSTEMATIC Brachinus Weber Obs.Ent.1:22. types

ACCOUNT (Table1.Plate 1 and Plate .2) species: Carabus crepitans
Linneus,1758(des.By Latreille,1810)
Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758
Material Examined: 1specimen. Places:
Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758
Salama, Pench, 2012. Distribution: India
Sub order- Adephaga Schellenberg, 1806
(Meghalaya, Agra,Myanmar (Burma)
Family- Carabidae Latreille, 1802
.Elsewhere: China, Vietnam
A. Sub-family Paussinae Latreille, 1807
Diagnosis: Small, uniformly dark, leg pale to
Tribe- Brachinini
dark often bicolored. Head mostly short and
Genus 1. Brachinus sp. Weber, 1801

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wide, with large and convex eyes. Neck almost long and wide ,lateral margin sub
constriction usually weak. parallel anterior to hind angle. Elytra interval
Genus 2. Pheropsophus sp. Solier, 1833 flat or only slightly convex.
Pheropsophus Solier, Ann.Soc.Ent. Genus 2. Chlaenius tricolor Dejean, 1826
Fr.:461.1906 2012 Bousquet, Y.Zookeys 245:1-1722.
Stinaptinus Maindr., Bull.Soc.Ent.Fr.15, type Material Examined: 1Specimen
species: Carabus complanatus Places:Sillari, (Amaltas) Pench.,
Fabricius,1775= Pheropsophus aequinoctialis 2012.Distribution: Distribution: India
( Linnaeus,1763) (des.By Hope,1838). (Andhra Pradesh,Chhattisgarh,( Ceylon and
Material Examined: 2 specimens Places: Burma) Elsewhere: New York, North
Sillari , Pench,2012 Distribution: India America, Korea,Japan, China,Taiwan.
(Andhra Pradesh,Chhattisgarh, Ceylon and Diagnosis: Head metallic red colored, purple
Burma)Elsewhere: Korea,Japan, black elytra, median long antennae, leg
China,Taiwan. yellow colour.
Diagnosis: Head pale reddish either whole C. Sub-family Licininae Bonelli, 1810
base of head black or only black in middle of Genus 1. Chlaenius Dejean 1826
posterior margin. Mouthparts, antennae and 1826 Chlaenius Dejean
legs pale reddish. Spec.Gen.des.Col.2:297
B. Sub-family Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810 Material Examined: 1specimen. Places:
Genus 1. Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 Sillari, Pench.2012Distribution: India:
2011. Bergdahl, J.C. Zookeys104:77-96. (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh,
Material Examined: 1specimen. Places: Uttarakhand).Elsewhere: Sri Lanka.
Sillari, Pench, 2012. Distribution: India Diagnosis: Head and pronotum brownish
(Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and black with some sight metallic reflection,
Maharashtra, Ceylon and Burma) elytra and pronotum densely punctate, legs
.Elsewhere: Nepal, Bhutan. yellow.
Diagnosis: Dorsal body surface black and Genus 2. Chlaenius scapularis Chaudoir,
shiny,pronotal lateral beads piceous.Pronotum 1876

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Chlaenius Scapularis Chaudoir, Genus 4. Chlaenius bioculatus sp.
Ann.Soc.Ent.Belg.8:98. Chaudoir, 1856
Through Literature: Andrews (1929) Chlaenius bimaculatus lynx Chaudoir,1856,
Material Examined: 1specimen. Places: Bull Soc. Imp.Nat. Mosc, 29(3):198. Type
Salama, Pench.2012Distribution: India: Loc: Hong Kong.
(Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Himachal 2012 Yuno Do,Baltic J.Coleopterol 12(1):
Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, 65-75.
Tamilnadu, Uttarakhand and West Through Literature: Andrews (1929).
Bengal).Elsewhere: Sri Lanka. Material Examined: 2 specimens, Places:
Diagnosis: Head and pronotum yellowish, Pipriya, Pench, 2012.Distribution: India
elytra black yellow patches in middle both (India (Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, (Ceylon
side, elytra completely covered on body. and Burma) Elsewhere: Vietnam, China,
Antennae straight, legs yellow colour. Philippine, Hong Kong, Taiwan, N. Korea,
Genus 3. Chlaenius velutinus Duftschmid, Japan, South Asia.
1812 Diagnosis: Body small, head straight, elytra
Through Literature: Andrews (1929) black with two spot on dorsal below side, legs
Material Examined: 1Specimen. Places: yellow, antennae straight forward.
Salama, Pench.2012 Distribution: D. Sub-family: Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Genus 1. Scarites sp. Fabricius, 1775
Chhattisgarh,(Ceylon and Burma)Elsewhere: Scarites sp. Fabricius, 1775, Syst.Ent.249.
Korea, Japan, China,Taiwan. type species: Scarites subterraneus
Diagnosis: Black coloured species; Head Fabricius,1775 (disobey Andrews (1929)
greenish colour, long antennae. Elytra 2013 Thakare, JNBR 2 (2): 173-176
reaching up to the tip of abdomen with Material Examined: 1 Specimen Places:
regular interval, Yellow (body ring) fused Sillari, Pench PTR, 2013. Distribution:
both the sides. Legs yellow colour, show line India- (Uttarpradesh, Chhattisgarh,
margin on elytra. Maharashtra) Elsewhere: Vietnam (Ha Noi),
Nepal

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Diagnosis: Head large, Mandibles median 2015 Kushwaha,Zoos Print. Vol.xxx, no.1
carnassal regions large, eyes small, antennae Material Examined: 1 Specimen.Places:
long, elytra fused together and mesonotum Sillari, Pench PTR, 2013 Distribution:
wings reduced shorter than metanotum. Throughout India including Chhattisgarh,
E. Sub-family :Panagaeinae Bonelli, 1810 Maharashtra. Elsewhere: China, Laos,
Genus 1. Eudema tomentosus Laporte, Macao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri
1840 Lanka and Vietnam.
Through Literature: Andrews (1929). Diagnosis: Head convex, neck constriction
Material Examined: 1 Specimen. Places: deep, head surface closely punctate on sides
Salama, Pench PTR, 2013 Distribution: prothorax moderately punctate on sides,
India. (Maharashtra)Elsewhere: America, elytra punctate. Prominent punctures near
California shoulder area. Antennae pubescent. Dark
Diagnosis: Generic name Eudema (e being brown colored.
short), head and thorax are black near the G. Sub-family: Anthiinae Bonelli, 1813
shoulder, yellow spot on elytra. Elytra boldly Genus 1. Anthia sexguttata Fabricius,
ridged and very finely punctured, limbs are 1775
covered with very minute black hairs, slantly 1801 Anthia Weber
seven strips formed on elytra of below lateral Anthia Weber, Obs.Ent.17
side. Pachymorpha Hope, Col.Man 2:51
F. Sub-family : Siagoninae Bonelli, 1813 1775 Carabus sexguttata Fabricius,
Tribe Siagonini Bonelli Syst.Ent.236.
Genus 1. Siagona sp. Latreille, 1804 1861 Anthia Indica Chaudoir, Bull. De la
1804 Siagona sp. Latreille, Soc.Imp. Des nat. Mosc 1: 562
Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat.24. Tab. 1864 Anthia elliptica Motchulsky, Bull. De
1929 Andrewes, Fauna Brit.India, la Soc. Imp. Des nat.Mosc.2:216
Coleoptera, Carabidae 1:174 1930 Anthia sexguttata Andrewes, cat.Ind
2012 Hegde, Zoos Print.27 (11):16-17. Ins Part 18 Carabicae:31
2013 Thakare, JNBR2 (2): 173-176.

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Material Examined: 1Specimen. Places: and Panagaeinae from family Carabidae
Pipriya, Pench 2012. Remark- Species to were identified. The checklist of beetles and
confirm. Distribution: Throughout India their habitats and status is given in the table 1.
including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. Brachinus, Pheropspophus sp. Chlaenius sp.
Elsewhere: Africa, America Eudema tomentosus, Siagona are found in
Diagnosis: Adult measure approximately 4 rare category from all three habitats of three
cm (1.5 inches). Body large, black, with six villages. The plant species diversity is
relatively large white dorsal spots. Four over significantly higher inside the protected area
the elytra and two on thorax, strong long legs, than in remnant forests near villages. Human
and long antennae. Six spots on body caused habitat alteration has detrimental
recognized the species. impact on many carabid species that cannot
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION occupy open areas. However, some moist but
In the present degraded sites surrounded by forest contained
investigation, 12 species of beetles from 7 many species. Moisture is probably one of the
subfamilies viz. Licininae , Paussinae, most important factors affecting carabid
Harpalinae, Scaritinae , Siagoninae, Anthiinae species abundances( Lovei, et al.,2009 ).
Table 1: Checklist of beetles and their habitat from the study area of Pench Tiger Reserve
Maharashtra, India
Sr.No. Carabidae Habitat Status

Genus-Species
1 Brachinus Stone rock R
2 Pheropsophus sp. Stone rock R
3 Pterostichus Stone rock C
4 Chlaenius tricolor Stone rock C
5 Chlaenius sp. Stone rock R
6 Chlaenius scapularis Stone rock C
7 Chlaenius velutinus Shrubs and grasses C

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8 Chlaenius bioculatus Moist and debris area C
9 Scarites sp. Moist and debris area C
10 Eudema tomentosus Moist and debris area R
11 Siagona Shrubs and grasses R
12 Anthia sexguttata Moist and debris area C
Table.2. Shannon Wiener Diversity Index , Evenness and Sampson Diversity index
Shannon Wiener Simpsons Diversity Index Simpsons
Diversity Evenness Reciprocal
Index
H E D 1-D 1/D
Genus 1.88 0.85 0.05 0.95 20
Species 1.78 0.71 0.12 0.88 8.3

Note: D , 1/D and 1-D are calculated but 1-D is always consider for Simpsons Diversity
Index
The diversity of sub families is found due to landscape heterogeneity is necessary to

the geographical region and climatic promote overall ground beetle diversity
condition of eastern region and vegetation of (Toigo, et al., ,2013).
Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra state.
Thirteen species of
The cutting and fragmentation forest have
beetles were recorded from Gugamal Range
immense impact on diversity of carabid
of Melghat Tiger Reserve (Thakare and
beetles as a result they vary in their species
Zade,2012). Eight new species of
composition, species abundance or decline in
Bombardier beetles were described from
some species. Therefore can be used as
Vietnam: Brachinus delatensis. The
environmental indicators
compositions within and outside of the
(McGeoch,1998).The maintenance of

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protected area were markedly different. Most sensitivity to environmental variables. Some
of the species preferred forest as their primary of the species were found only in the
habitat and were mainly collected from trees protected forest, some occupied also the
and bushes. Their value as indicators is based degraded forests and some preferred open
on their different habitat requirements and areas (Rainio, 2009).
Fig. 2. Graphical representation of genus

diversity
Subfamily
1 Paussinae
1 2
1 2 Harpalinae
1 3 Licininae
2
1 4 Scaritinae
1
5 Panagaeinae
6 Siagoninae
7 Anthiinae
Fig. 3 . Graphical representation Species

diversity
Sub family
1 Paussinae
1 1 2 2 Harpalinae
1 3 Licininae
2
1
4 Scaritinae
4 5 Panagaeinae
6 Siagoninae
7 Anthiinae

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Diversity and abundance species: Calathus opaculus, Cyclotrachelus
of ground beetles can be enhanced in freitagi, Dicaelus dilatatus, Pterostichus
vegetable and field intercropping systems and sculptus (Riley and Browne ,2011). In present
Shannon-Wiener diversity index scores and study genus Pterostichus reported in the
species evenness was increased significantly studied area which can be used as indicator
in intercropping system (Hummel, et al., but future study require.
2012). In PTR the high score of Shannon Conclusions: The revealed data will be
Wiener Diversity index and (Table no.2) addition to our knowledge of insect diversity
and Simpson diversity index calculated for of Pench National Park, Maharashtra. The
genus and species . Simpsons index of baseline data will be helpful for planning the
diversity (1-D), the value of this index ranges policy for monitoring and conservation
between 0 and 1 here the greater the value the programme. The diversity indices and
greater the sample diversity as well bigger the evenness score confirmed diversity of beetles
value of D, the lower diversity. Evenness is a in studied area.
measure of the relative abundance of the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
different species making up the richness of an The authors are grateful
area .The maximum possible score of E for to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest
genus and species of studied subfamilies also (PCCF) Maharashtra, Chief Conservator of
confirmed that having equal distribution in Forest, P T R Nagpur Wildlife Warden
survey area (Table no. 2 ,Fig .2and 3) Pipriya(East) Pench National Park for the
might be due to the vegetation in PTR area. necessary permission to enter and reside in
The diversity in carabid responses to the Pench, Maharashtra for purpose of collection
vegetation structure appears to be related not and observation of beetles.
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Base Line Data of Diversity of Family-

* Chitrarekha K. Deshmukh And Sanjay H. Gajbhiye

Corresponding author: *E-mail- 1june91ckd.october@gmail.com

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Sr.No. Carabidae Habitat Status

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Species 1.78 0.71 0.12 0.88 8.3

The diversity of sub families is found due to landscape heterogeneity is necessary to

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Fig. 2. Graphical representation of genus

Fig. 3 . Graphical representation Species

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