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Socio 11 THX-1| Topic Outline

Grefaldia, Camille
Onrubia, Nikka Angeline G.
Roman, Victor

Modern Living, Urban Spaces, Transportation, and the Environment:

I. History or Background
i. Introduction
a.) Brief Historical Background of Metro Manila
- Metro Manila evolved from a small tribal settlement ruled by
Rajah Sulayman. Spaniards colonized the Philippines 30 years
after Magellan set foot on the islands in 1500s. Spaniards
named Manila as the capital region and then began their 309
years of colonization. They started building Intramuros, the
Walled City, and made it the seat of the Church and the State.
By the late 1800s, American took over the Philippines and
colonized the country for 50 years and then three years under
Japan occupation during the Second World War. In 1945, the
Battle for the Liberation of Manila which many considered as
one of the greatest tragedies of World War 2 occurred. One
hundred thousand men, women, and children perished.
Architectural heritage was reduced to rubblethe City of Manila
was the second most devastated Allied capital of World War II.
(Anon, 2017, Gov.ph) Though the Second World war devastated
Manilas landscape, the liberation in the coming years allowed
them to restore what was damaged. The post-war years known
as the Golden Age was the time of reconstruction and
revitalization of Manila which resulted in increase in growth of
the population and area and became one of the most
progressive cities in Asia, for a time. Makati, Mandaluyong and
San Juan were developed and residential villages emerged in
Quezon City, Pasig, Pasay and Paraaque. Factories and
industrial areas were built in Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and
Valenzuela. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No.
1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital
Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established,
there were four cities, Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Pasay and
the thirteen municipalities of Las Pias, Makati, Malabon,
Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Paraaque, Pasig,
San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela and Pateros.

b.) Definition of Terms

Counter-flow - driving at the opposite lane in the wrong


direction.
Over speeding - driving past the speed limit.
Defensive driver - a safe driver; follow the road rules.
Traffic congestion - heavy traffic
Rush hour - a specific time of a day wherein traffic is usually at
its peak.
Bottleneck - a road where all the forks combine into one,
resulting into heavy traffic in that spot.
Cut - changing lanes for traffic advantage

ii. History of road traffic in Philippines (Manila)


Comparison of the road traffic from 1940-2016
a. Traffic in Manila 1940*
b. Traffic in Manila 1990*
c. Traffic in Manila 2010-2016*
*images shown in report presentation (Patino 2014)

II. Current Context and Status


i. Poverty
Poverty is a huge economical and social crisis in the
Philippines, and has always been a challenge to Filipinos
especially with the current global financial crisis and increasing
prices of basic necessities such as food, land, clothing and fuel.
Poverty reduction in the Philippines is moving slower than other
neighboring countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam. This is
mainly due to unequal distribution of wealth in many regions of
the Philippines, unequal salaries obtained between employees
and employers, while rich people get richer, poor people get
poorer. Another is the unmanaged population growth, where
population increases substantially but resources decrease. All of
these aspects contribute to poverty.

ii. Traffic and Road Status of the Philippines on 2015 to 2016


a. Metro Manila: Worst Traffic on Earth
When people talk about Metro Manila, it is always the topic
of traffic that always comes up. Metro Manila, on an urban level,
was named as having the worst traffic on Earth, based on a
global evaluation conducted by Waze, a GPS-based navigation
app. (Tan 2015). Metro Manila ranked among 10 worst traffic in
the world.
- Manila: 0.4 in the traffic index, Philippines: 9th worst place to
drive
b. Road construction
The heavy traffic in Manila is not only caused by
overpopulation in the Philippines, ineffective urban planning and
inefficient and poorly maintained public transport but also the
quality of roads and infrastructures in Manila. Philippines is
ranked as the 13th country with the worst road quality, such as
poor high-speed roads density and road issues density, with a
score of 5.8.
iii. Statistical Data
a. Population
The total population in the Philippines according to the
worldmeters.info which gives the latest update of the Philippines
population is 103,270,051 based on the latest United Nations
estimates. The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of
countries by population. Although historically, the yearly
population growth rate decreased from about 3 percent to 1.5
percent approximately from the year 1960-present, the Philippine
population increased from about 30 million in 1960s to 100
million in 2010.
b. Poverty
As of the first semester of 2015, more than 26 million
Filipinos still remain poor with more than half of them live in
extreme poverty with no food to eat and deprived of basic
necessities to live and survive. Poverty incidence among
Filipinos was estimated at 26.3 percent lower than the poverty
incidence during the same period in 2012 which was recorded at
27.9 percent. In the first semester of 2015, on the average,
incomes of poor families were short by 29.0 percent of the
poverty threshold. This means that on the average, an additional
monthly income of Php 2,649 is needed by a poor family with five
members in order to move out of poverty in the first semester of
2015. (Anon, 2016 PSA)
c. Traffic
The number of Registered Private Vehicles in the
Philippines
is 7,690,038. In Metro Manila there are 2.5 million estimated
registered private vehicles (Man 2017). The number of
Registered Public Vehicles in the Philippines; PUV and AUV are
1,821,527 Buses are 5,653 and Motorcycle/ Tricycles: 3, 440,
777 (Anon 2017). The PH population as of Tuesday, February
27, 2017 is 103,270,051. Therefore the ratio of people with
respect to a vehicle is 13 people: 1 vehicle.
Metro Manila has only 1,032 kilometers of roads or 3.5%
of the total 39,370 kilometers of roads nationwide. The National
Capital Region has only one kilometer of road per 424 vehicles.
(Man 2017)
D. Slums
Slums in Philippine term pertains to what is called in
Tagalog iskwater referring to unregistered, disorganized group
of houses in lands with no proper sewage, electricity and water.
Over a third of Metro Manilas population lives in depressed
areas. Quezon City and Manila are home to Metro Manilas 35
per cent of urban poor households.Pasay City has 70 per cent of
its population living in depressed areas (Ragragio) *(Table of
statistics: Number of Informal Settlers in Metro Manila by City
and Municipality, 2002 shown on powerpoint)(Ragragio)

III. Substantive Concern


i. Heavy traffic
a. Heavy traffic is usual (weekdays)
b. Stuck on the traffic for more than hours.

ii. Increase of vehicles


a. The ratio of person per vehicle
b. Unregulated laws
-Colorum vehicles: illegal vehicle in the Philippines are
increasing.
-Maybe, there should be laws for the number of vehicle/s
an individual can acquire (regarding: parking area,
members in family, etc.)

IV. Institutional Elements and Actors at Play


i. Institutions
a.) Department of Transportation and Communications
-former DOTr
-The Department of Transportation and Communications
(DOTC) is the primary government agency responsible for
the development and regulation of transportation and
communications systems. Part of its mandate is to ensure
safe and reliable services to accelerate economic
development and to better serve the transport and
communications needs of the citizenry.
- agencies that are attached to the DOTC:
ie: Cebu Port Authority, Civil Aeronautics Board, Civil
Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), Light Rail
Transit Authority (LRTA), Mactan-Cebu International Airport
Authority, Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), Toll
Regulatory Board,etc.
b.) Metro Manila Development Authority
...implementing an integrated development plan characterized
by unity of purpose, innovation, resiliency, sustainability,
adaptability and creativity in meeting the challenges of transport
decongestion, climate change, waste management and disaster
prevention among others [..]
-Recent projects: The MRT 7 Extension Project, Anti-Colorum
Violation Act (July 26, 2010)
c.) Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
-Mission: Ensure that the commuting public has adequate, safe,
convenient, environment-friendly and dependable public land
transportation services at reasonable rates through the
implementation of land-based transportation policies, programs,
and projects responsive to an investment-led and demand-driven
industry.
-Mandate: To promulgate, administer, enforce, and monitor
compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of public land
transportation services.
("Land Transportation Franchising & Regulatory Board: HOME")

ii. Its cause:


a.) Traffic-Influencing Events
-Traffic Incidents: events that disrupt the normal flow of traffic.
-Work Zones: construction activities on the roadway.
-Weather: Environmental conditions can lead to changes in driver
behavior that affect traffic flow.
- Traffic Demand
b.) Fluctuations in Normal Traffic: Day-to-day variability in
demand leads to some days with higher traffic volumes than
others.
- Special Events: special case of demand fluctuations where
traffic flow in the vicinity of the event will be radically different
from "typical" patterns.
c.) Physical Highway Features
-Traffic Control Devices: Intermittent disruption of traffic flow by
control devices.
-Physical Bottlenecks ("Capacity"): the maximum amount of
traffic capable of being handled by a given highway section. (ie:
toll).
(Traffic Congestion And Reliability: Trends And Advanced Strategies For
Congestion Mitigation: Chapter 2)

d.) Poor Quality Of Infrastructure


-Philippines: 87th out of 144 countries surveyed for quality of
roads.
- effect of huge traffic jams in the major roads in the Philippines
like EDSA and C5. (Reyes 2013)

e.) Poor Quality of Urban Transport


-Insufficient capacity of MRTs and LRTs
-Public transports are inefficient and poorly maintained.
(Reyes 2013)
V. Possible Consequences of the Issue to the Larger Public
i. Personal troubles
a. The tendency of going to class or other events late.
b. Hassle: Preparing and waking up earlier.
c. Stuck in the traffic
-Going home late
-piled works are done late
-cramming for quizzes and exams most of the time
-eating late
-the time that can be spent on studying is consumed
-going to bed late
-mood swings due to stress
d. What did I do to overcome this? (interview)

ii. Public Issues


a. Traffic congestion
-an excess of vehicles on a portion of roadway at a
particular time resulting in speeds that are slower than
normal or "free flow" speeds
B. Traffic violations
-Disregarding traffic signs
-Failure to give proper signal
-Failure to give way overtaking vehicle or overtaking
-Overspeeding
-Counterflow
-Parking at side streets or in the wrong zone
-Road or traffic accidents
("519 Dead In Vehicular Accidents In Metro Manila In 2015")

-A total of 95,615 traffic accidents in National Capital Region


(NCR) were recorded 2015, which caused 519 fatalities (MMDA)
-17 103 injured, 77 993 damage to property
-More than half of those who die in road accidents in the
Philippines are motorcycle riders, according to a new road safety
report of the World Health Organization (WHO).

iii. When does the issue of traffic become a trouble or public trouble?
-Increase incident rates due to traffic
-People are neglecting the fact that accidents in the road are
continuously increasing.
VI. Bigger Questions that need to be addressed

1.) What legislations can be proposed in solving traffic?


2.) How can we solve the nation's worsening traffic problem?
3.) Personally, what am I doing to prevent worsening this problem?
(A question that everyone should address)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Anon. 2017. "Philippines Population (2017) - Worldometers".


Worldometers.info. Retrieved February 22, 2017
(http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-
population/).

2. Anon. 2017. "PSA-Makati - Statistics - Transportation And


Communication". Nap.psa.gov.ph. Retrieved February 22, 2017
(http://nap.psa.gov.ph/secstat/d_trans.asp).-Web

3. Anon. 2017. "Traffic - Definition of Traffic In English, Oxford


Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries English. Retrieved February 22, 2017
(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/traffic).-Web
4. Patino, Ariel. 2014. "Traffic | Seasons Of Life". Imarielp.wordpress.com.
Retrieved February 22, 2017
(https://imarielp.wordpress.com/tag/traffic/).-Web

5. "Land Transportation Franchising & Regulatory Board : HOME".


Ltfrb.gov.ph. N.p., 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

6. Man, Rig. 2017. "10 Alarming Facts About Traffic In Metro Manila That
You Should Know FAQ.Ph". Faq.ph. Retrieved February 22, 2017
(http://faq.ph/facts-about-traffic-in-metro-manila-that-you-should-
know/).-Web

7. Reyes, Rizal Raoul. 2013. Business Mirror. "Poor Quality Of


Infrastructure Can Offset Economic Gains". ABS-CBN News. N.p., 2017.
Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

8. "Road Accidents in the Philippines". Sciencedirect.com. N.p., 2017.


Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

9. Tan, Lara. 2017. "Metro Manila Has 'Worst Traffic On Earth,' Longest
Commute Waze". cnn. Retrieved February 22, 2017
(http://cnnphilippines.com/metro/2015/10/01/Metro-Manila-Philippines-
worst-traffic-longest-commute-Waze-survey.html).-Web

10. ."The Problem Of Traffic In Metro Manila - Joshua Chua".


Sites.google.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

11. "Traffic Congestion And Reliability: Trends And Advanced


Strategies For Congestion Mitigation: Chapter 2". Ops.fhwa.dot.gov.
N.p., 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

12. "Traffic Violations and Penalties". Mmda.gov.ph. N.p., 2017. Web.


21 Feb. 2017.-Web
13. "519 Dead In Vehicular Accidents In Metro Manila In 2015". GMA
News Online. N.p., 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017.-Web

14. Ragragio, Junio M The Case Of Metro Manila, Philippines


www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Manila.pdf Retrieved
February 27, 2017 - web

15. Anon. 2017 Metro Manila A Short History of Manila


http://www.megacities-go-services.com/Manila/Manila-Daily-Survive-
Manila/Manila-Basics-WHAT-YOU-NEED-TO-KNOW/A-Short-History-Of-
Manila Retrieved February 27, 2017 - web

16. Anon. 2017 70th Anniversary of the Battle Of Manila


http://www.gov.ph/featured/battle-of-manila/ Retrieved February 27,
2017 web

17. ADB 2009 Poverty In The Philippines, Causes, Constraints, and


Opportunities
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27529/poverty-
philippines-causes-constraints-opportunities.pdf Retrieved February 27,
2017 - web

18. Yap, DJ 2016 12M Filipinos living in extreme poverty


http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/775062/12m-filipinos-living-in-extreme-
poverty Retrieved February 27, 2017 - web

19. Anon 2016 Poverty incidence among Filipinos registered at


26.3%, as of first semester of 2015-PSA
https://psa.gov.ph/content/poverty-incidence-among-filipinos-
registered-263-first-semester-2015-psa Retrieved February 27, 2017 -
web

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