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*Based on zip codes of the practice neighborhood and adjacent neighborhoods where more than one third of the patients in this practice
reside.
Vital statistics for these neighborhoods are from the 2000 census (Pittsburgh Department of City Planning, 2006).
HPV vaccine uptake between younger and older age adolescent females aged 13 to 17 years (CDC, 2008).
groups in the practice. In 2008, the HPV vaccine uptake rate in this population
increased to 37.2% (CDC, 2009b). Kahn et al. (2008)
RESULTS reported a low HPV vaccine uptake rate of 5% in
During 2007, 195 girls in the practice who were eligible females aged 13 to 26 years. Jain et al. (2009) reported
for the HPV vaccine and had scheduled WCC appoint- a low HPV vaccine uptake rate of 10% in women aged
ments were offered the HPV vaccine during their office 18 to 26 years. In this older sample, factors associated
visit. The majority of the girls were aged 12 to 17 years with receiving the vaccine included being single, hav-
(n = 153), and 42 girls were aged 18 to 21 years. During ing adequate income, having insurance coverage, and
the review period, 73.3% (143/195) of the girls received receiving the hepatitis B vaccine. It is interesting that
the HPV vaccine during their annual WCC office visit. 34% of this older sample had received health care pro-
Uptake of the HPV vaccine in girls aged 12 to 17 years vider recommendations for the HPV vaccine. Of the
was 71.9% (110/153), and uptake of the HPV vaccine 66% of the women who did not receive such recom-
in girls aged 18 to 21 years was 78.6% (33/42). No signif- mendations, 90% of them reported that they intended
icant difference in HPV vaccine uptake by age group to receive the HPV vaccine. In contrast, Marlow and
was found (v2 = .448, P = .503) (Table 2). colleagues (2008) reported that those who received
During the review period, a total of 189 girls who were the HPV vaccine stated that health care provider recom-
eligible for the HPV vaccine and scheduled either a WCC mendations did not affect their decision making about
or an episodic visit for acute or gynecological concerns uptake of the HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine uptake
received the HPV vaccine. A total of 75.7% (143/189) rate in the QA project of 73.3% at WCC visits was some-
of the girls received the HPV vaccine at their WCC visit, what similar to the rates of intention to receive the HPV
and 24.3% (46/189) of the girls received the HPV vaccine vaccine (Marlow et al., 2008; Ogilvie et al., 2007).
at an episodic visit. Of the 46 girls with HPV vaccine up- Compared with the CDC reports, a United Kingdom
take at an episodic visit, almost two thirds (65.2%; 30/46) study reported higher rates of HPV vaccine uptake;
were seen for non-gynecological concerns. however, the HPV vaccine was part of a national
Dose completion rates also were examined during the
review period. Of the girls with HPV vaccine uptake
TABLE 2. Uptake of HPV vaccine during well
(n = 189), 63.5% (120/189) completed the three-dose se-
child care visits by age groups
ries. Of the girls who completed the three-dose series,
only 66.7% (80/120) of them did so within 12 months Uptake of HPV vaccine
or less. Yes No
Age group (y) N n (%) n (%)
DISCUSSION
12-17 153 110 (71.9) 43 (28.1)
This QA project found an HPV vaccine uptake rate of 18-21 42 33 (78.6) 9 (21.4)
73.3% at WCC visits, which is higher than the rates re- Total 195 143 (73.3) 52 (26.7)
ported by the CDC, but still in need of improvement.
HPV, human papillomavirus.
In 2007, the HPV vaccine uptake rate was 25.1% in
CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HPV, human papillomavirus; QA, quality assurance.
the HPV vaccine, but limited evidence is available about age-appropriate and parent-sensitive material can in-
appropriate vaccine delivery programs to improve HPV crease knowledge about HPV infection risk and pre-
vaccine uptake and series completion (e.g., Dempsey, vention (Vallely, Roberts, Kitchener, & Brabin, 2008).
Zimet, Davis, & Koutsky, 2006; Leader, Weiner, Kelly,
Hornik, & Cappella, 2009). Early data on HPV vaccine CONCLUSIONS
uptake rates of the first and second doses in the In conclusion, the office visit at 11 to 12 years of age is
United Kingdom were reported to be as high as 70% considered the primary immunization visit for adoles-
(Brabin et al., 2008), whereas U.S. reports are lower at cents, and a strong vaccine delivery program should
5% to 37% (CDC, 2008, 2009b; Jain et al., 2009; Jaspan be in place for this age
et al., 2008; Kahn et al., 2008; Rosenthal et al., 2008), group. Offices must .the office visit at
indicating a need for more studies of interventions to take advantage of in-
improve these rates in the United States. creased rates of adoles- 11 to 12 years of
Brewer and Fazekas (2007) found that education and cents presenting for age is considered
age were predictive of intention for HPV vaccine uptake. WCC and the likeli- the primary
Results were mixed for the effect of race on intention of hood of health care
HPV vaccine uptake (Brewer & Fazekas, 2007; provider screening for immunization visit
Di Giuseppe et al., 2008; Jain et al., 2009; Ogilvie et al., vaccines at this age. for adolescents,
2007). Further investigations of culturally sensitive There is an increased and a strong
intervention strategies to improve HPV vaccine uptake likelihood that parents
and series completion need to be conducted. Develop- will agree to uptake of vaccine delivery
ment and testing of educational material in lay the HPV vaccine after program should be
language about HPV and the HPV vaccine with receiving education in place for this age
emphasis on minority groups and lower levels of and support from the
education are essential. Interventions that consider soc- health care provider. group.
iodemographic factors have the potential to decrease Educational initiatives
disparities in rates of HPV infection and cervical cancer. should be in place to support health care providers
An ongoing need exists for reports of uptake of the and parents at this critical time, and all opportunities
second and third doses of the HPV vaccine, along must be utilized to break down barriers to completion
with appropriate educational strategies to increase of this three-dose vaccine.
HPV uptake and completion of the three-dose series. The National Vaccine Advisory Committee of the De-
Development of educational strategies geared toward partment of Health and Human Services has accepted