Basic Routing Concepts Basic Routing Concepts: WWW - Alishariaty.ir

Basic Routing Concepts
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Contents
Part I Basic Routing Concepts

Part II Static Route
Part III Dynamic Routing Overview
Estimated time
03:00:00

Part I
Basic Routing
Concepts

IP Routing is the process of delivering packets from

one network to another.
Routers do not concern about HOSTS , the only

thing is important to routers , is NETWORKS.
Routing process is based on Layer 3 addresses.

Routers should be aware of some issues for the

routing process:
Destination IP address. (mandatory)

Neighbor routers and IP address of the next hop. (mandatory)
All the possible Paths to all the existing networks. (Dynamic)
The best path chosen to reach each network. (Dynamic)

Generic Enterprise Network Diagram

More Detailed Cabling Diagram for the Same Enterprise Network

WIC2T V35 Serial Cable

Photos of a Model 1841 Cisco Integrated Services Router (ISR)

Routing Table
Q. How Does a router learn Paths to other networks ?

A. They know their connected networks.




Routing Table
Other paths should be taught to routers:
Static
Dynamic

Part II
Static Route

Static Route
Connected subnet has been learnt automatically with

the "C" pointer (Directly connected).
In the Static Routing , all the records should be add to

the router's routing table manually and will be shown
with the "S" pointer (Static).
Router(config)# ip route <Network ID> <Mask> <Outgoing-interface> |

<Next-hop-IP-address>

Static Route
For example, To add the route to the network

192.168.3.0 trough the interface S1/0 and the
next hop address of 10.10.10.2:
Router(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/0 10.10.10.2

Router# show ip route

Static Route
Network ID
Subnet Mask
Out going interface
Next hope address

Static Route
Network ID
(Mandatory)
Routers compare destination IP of the packet with

network ID on the Routing table for the routing
decision.

Static Route
Subnet Mask
(Mandatory)

Static Route
Out going interface & Next hope address
Are the two of above mandatory for the routing

decision ?

Static Route
Point to Point Networks
One of the Out going interface or the Next hope

address is necessary and enough.

Static Route
Multi-Access Networks
The Next hope address is necessary and enough.

Static Route

Static Route
Note
If a static route fails , it will remove from the
routing table.
Q. What is a Loopback Interface ?

Static Route
Default Route
Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <Outgoing-interface> |

<Next-hop-IP-address>

Static Route
Default Route
Note
If a destination IP address in a packet matches with
more that a record in the routing table , it will be
forwarded through the route witch has the higher
mask number or more specific subnet mask.

Static Route
Default Route
Example
Destination IP : 80.80.80.70

Static Route
Default Route

Static Route
Manual Summarization
With out manual summarization

R1 should learn 5 new subnets

Static Route
With manual summarization


Static Route
So Manual summarization help us:

Routing table records reduction.
Path selection time reduction in the routing table
lookup.

Q. Which of the following commands correctly
configures a static route?
a. ip route 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.130.253

b. ip route 10.1.3.0 serial 0
c. ip route 10.1.3.0 /24 10.1.130.253
d. ip route 10.1.3.0 /24 serial 0

Q. Which of the following must be true for a static
route to be installed in a routers IP routing table?
(Choose two answers.)
a. The outgoing interface associated with the route

must be in an up and up state.
b. The router must receive a routing update from a
neighboring router.
c. The ip route command must be added to the
configuration.
d. The outgoing interfaces ip address command
must use the special keyword.

Part III
Dynamic Routing
Overview

Dynamic Routing Overview
Dynamically update routing tables.

Dynamically best path election.
Dynamically Route elimination in case
of failing a path.
Adding another path ( if exists) incase
of failing a route.




Routing protocols must be Loop free .

Q. What dose "Routing loop" mean ?


Q. Which of the following routing protocols are
considered to use distance vector logic?
(Choose two answers.)
a. RIP
b. IGRP
c. EIGRP
d. OSPF

I don't love studying. I hate studying.
I like learning. Learning is beautiful.
Natalie Portman


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Basic Routing Concepts

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Part I Basic Routing Concepts

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

IP Routing is the process of delivering packets from

Routers do not concern about HOSTS , the only

Routing process is based on Layer 3 addresses.

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Routers should be aware of some issues for the

Destination IP address. (mandatory)

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Generic Enterprise Network Diagram

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

More Detailed Cabling Diagram for the Same Enterprise Network

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

WIC2T V35 Serial Cable

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Photos of a Model 1841 Cisco Integrated Services Router (ISR)

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Q. How Does a router learn Paths to other networks ?

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Other paths should be taught to routers:

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Connected subnet has been learnt automatically with

In the Static Routing , all the records should be add to

Router(config)# ip route <Network ID> <Mask> <Outgoing-interface> |

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

For example, To add the route to the network

Router(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial 1/0 10.10.10.2

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Routers compare destination IP of the packet with

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Are the two of above mandatory for the routing

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

One of the Out going interface or the Next hope

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

The Next hope address is necessary and enough.

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Q. What is a Loopback Interface ?

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Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <Outgoing-interface> |

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

With out manual summarization

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

With manual summarization

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

So Manual summarization help us:

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

a. ip route 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.130.253

Shariaty@gmail.com Copyright 2012 Alishariaty.ir

a. The outgoing interface associated with the route

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