SMK SACRED HEART, SIBU STPM PHYSICS CHAPTER 14 ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. Electric current , I
= Rate of flow of charge, 9. Doping of semiconductor
Types Element Charge carriers
= (rate of flow of electrons) x (charge of electrons),
n-type Group 15 (Phosphorus) Electrons
xe as Q = Ne = It p-type Group 13 (Boron) Holes
= nAve or Ave 10. Graph of resistance (or resistivity) temperature

I= = x e = nAve or Ave

2. Drift velocity, v
= mean velocity of the free electrons towards the
positive terminal.
3. Current density, J
= Current per unit cross-sectional area,

J = = nve =

4. Electrical conductivity,
= ratio of current density to the electric field
strength ,
5. Resistivity of a material, 11. Power equation
= resistance of 1 metre length of the wire that has a
cross-sectional area of 1m2 P = IV = I2R = =

= = 12. Manipulating resistivity question:

- Resistivity of material is constant for the same
type of material regardless of the change in cross-
6. Ohms law sectional area
= current through a given conductor is directly
proportional to potential difference between its = = =
end points.
Ohms law : I V
For ohmic conductor: V = IR
7. Temperature coefficient,
= change in resistance per unit resistance per unit
degree change of temperature.
= =
=
8. For conductors:
- When T increases, R increases, decreases =
- Number of electrons remain unchanged
- Metal ions vibrate faster with greater amplitude
(distance between two metal ions, s decreases)
- Dispersion of free electron occurs
- Drift velovity of electron decreases, v =
- Mean time between collisions of the free
electrons decreases